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Final Exam
HCA300
137
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
09/24/2012

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the ultimate goal of health service managers
Definition
to help maintain and enhance the health of the public
Term
What are the 6 essential aims identified by the Institute of Medicine in 2001
Definition
1 safe
2 effective
3 pt-centered,
4 timely,
5 efficient,
6 equitable
Term
name the 9 forces influencing the health care delivery system
Definition
1 financial incentives that reward superior performance,
2 increased accountability for performance,
3 technological advances in the biological and clinical sciences,
4 aging of the population and associated increase in chromic illness,
5 increased ethnic and cultural diversity of the population,
6 changes in the supply and education of health professionals,
7 social morbidity, information technology,
8 globalization and
9 expansion of the world economy
Term
what is required to meet the health system aims and associated redesign imperatives
Definition
practicing evidence-based mgmt
Term
what is a health network
Definition
strategic alliances or contractual arrangements among hospitalk, physicians and other health services organizations that provice an array of health services to the community
Term
define health system
Definition
arrangements among hospitals, physicians, and other provider organizations that involve direct ownership of assets on the part of the parent system
Term
what are the 7 key dimensions of health care organizations
Definition
1 external environment,
2 vision/mission/goals,
3 strategies,
4 level of differentiation,
5 level of integration and
6 level of centralization, and
7 ability to adapt and change
Term
one key to an organizations success is having a good understanding of its (blank), defined as
Definition
external environment...all of the political, economic, social, and regulatory forces that exert influence on the organization
Term
define mission, vision, and goals
Definition
vision is what the organization aspires to become. Mission is what the organization does. Goals are statements of what the organization need to achieve to fulfill its potential
Term
plans for achieving the organization's mission and goals and primarily involve the positioning of the organization to succeed are called
Definition
strategies
Term
define differentiation
Definition
the development of specialized knowledge, funtions, departments, and viewpoints
Term
define intergration
Definition
all organizations require some degree of coordination across specialized functions and processes in order to achieve unity of effort
Term
define centralization
Definition
more decisions are made by the top management team of the system that by individual hospitals or physician groups
Term
define closed systems
Definition
the need for predictability, order and efficiency. assumes that at least parts of an organization can be sealed off from the external environment
Term
define open systems
Definition
the need for openness, adaptability, and innovation. emphasizes that organizations are parts of the external environment and, as such, must continually change and adapt to meet the challenges posed by the environment
Term
what is the focis of the boundary spanning function
Definition
the interface between the organization and its external environment
Term
define management
Definition
distinct function that cuts across all the other functions and subsystems
Term
define governance
Definition
holds management and the organization accountable for its actions and that helps provide management with overall strategic direction in guiding the organizations activities
Term
the bureaucratic theory is consistent with what organizational approach
Definition
closed system
Term
name the 5 characteristics of the bureaucratic theory
Definition
1 the organization is guided by explicit specific procedures for governing activities,
2 activities are distributed among office holders,
3 offices are arranged in a hierarchical faxhion,
4 candidates are selected on the basis of their technical competence, and
5 officials carry out their functions in an impersonal fashion
Term
the scientific management approach consists of
Definition
-programming the job,
-choosing the right person to match the job, and
-training the person to do the job
Term
what is the focus of the human relations school
Definition
the individual
Term
define resource dependence theory
Definition
emphasizes the importances of the organiztion's abilities to secure needed resources from its environment in order to survive
Term
difine strategic management perspective
Definition
emphasizes the importance of positioning the organization relative to its environment and competitiors in order to achieve its objectives and ensure its survival
Term
what is the argument of the advocates of the population ecology theory
Definition
that the environment selects out certain organizations for survival
Term
what is the emphasis of the institutional theory
Definition
that organizations face environments characterized by exernal norms, rules, and requirements that the organizations must conform to in order to receive legitimacy and support
Term
what is the emphasis of the social network perspective
Definition
the importance of social relationships among individuals and groups. all behavior, including economic behavior, is embedded in social relationships
Term
why has it become popular to think of organizations as biological organisms
Definition
how the organization becomes fit to survive in its environment (birth, growth, decline and death)
Term
define the transformational leadership role of managers
Definition
assures timely and appropriate organizational adaptation to environmental challenges and opportunities
Term
how does Mintzberg deine the frame of the job
Definition
the mental set the incumbent uses to carry out the job:
- organizational purpose,
-perspective,
-position, and
-conceptualization
Term
managers execute their managerial roles by acting simultaneously on what 3 levels
Definition
1 information level,
2 people level and
3 action level
Term
Mintzberg argued that managerial style affects the quality of managerial work in what 3 important ways
Definition
1 the roles a manager favors,
2 the way the manager elects to perform those roles, and
3 the approaches the manager takes to initiate action
Term
what are the 2 fundamental management roles within each healthcare enterprise
Definition
1 enterprise-level management and
2 clinical system management
Term
define motivation
Definition
a state of feeling or thinking in which one is energized or aroused to perform a task or engage in a particular behavior
Term
what are some of the myths of motivation
Definition
-motivated workers are more productive,
-some people are just motivated and others aren't,
-motivation can be massed produced, and
-money makes the world go round
Term
regarding motivation; what is the difference between the content theory and process theory
Definition
content theories WHAT, while process theories HOW
Term
List the levels of maslow's Hierarch of needs (in order of importance)
Definition
1 physiological,
2 security,
3 belongingness,
4 esteem, and
5 self-actualization
Term
in the ERG theory of motivation the letters E.R.G. stand for
Definition
Existence, Relatedness and Growth
Term
what are the 3 important differences between Maslow's theory and the ERG theory
Definition
ERG-more that one level of need can motivate behavior at the same time, if needs remain unsatisfied at higher levels the individual will become frustrated regress and beging to pursue those things again, needs are not fixed.
Term
discuss the equity theory of motivation
Definition
relationships are fair when people perceive that theri outcomes are proportionate to ther perceived contributions or inputs
Term
what are the 4 central components of the expectancy theory
Definition
1 job outcomes,
2 valences (individuals' feelings about job outcomes),
3 instrumentality (link between performance and outcomes), and
4 expectancy (link between effort and performance)
Term
another name for the reinforcemant theory is
Definition
operant conditioning or behavior modification
Term
what are the 3 components of the reinforcement theory
Definition
1 rewards,
2punishments and
3 negative reinforcement
Term
define leadership
Definition
a process through which an individual attempts to intentionally influence human systems in order to accomplish a goal
Term
what is the focus of leadership
Definition
human systems
Term
contingency perspective
Definition
helps us appreciate that leadership effectiveness and success depends upon the circumstances
Term
transactional leadership
Definition
attemps to preserve and work within the constraints of the status quo
Term
transformational perspectives
Definition
seek to upset and replace the status quo
Term
what are some causes of conflict
Definition
-distribution of desired resources,
-perceptions, ideas, or beliefs as well and
-resource allocation goals
Term
according to Karen Jehn's typology of conflict, conflict can be categorized into what 3 types
Definition
1 task content,
2 emotional and
3 administrative conflict
Term
what is the most common response to conflict
Definition
avoidance
Term
define negotiation
Definition
process through which multiple parties work together on the outcome
Term
what are the "do's" of filing an incident report
Definition
-record the details in objective terms
-desribe what actions were taken at the scene
-document the time of the incident, name of doctor notified & have supervisor review the report
Term
who is ultimately responsible for the risk management program at the healthcare facility
Definition
the governing board (body)
Term
name 4 red flag risks
Definition
1 treatment conditions,
2 patient relations,
3 practice management and
4 conduct of staff
Term
which act made significant changes in the way nursing homes were operated
Definition
the nursing home reform act of 1987
Term
what are the 3 risk management tools
Definition
1 incident reporting,
2 occurence reporting and
3 occurrence screening
Term
what are the "dont's" of filing an incident report
Definition
DON'T
-include names & addresses of witnesses
-file the report with the patients chart
-admit liability or blame or identify others as responsible
Term
define quality control
Definition
the process of assuring that standards are met
Term
define DFWA
Definition
drug-free workplace act
requires recipients of federal grants & contracts to take certain steps to maintain a drug-free workplace
Term
define title VII of the civil rights act
Definition
prohibits employment or membership discrimination for race, religion, pregancy, etc
Term
when did OSHA publish the occupational exposure & bloodborne pathogens standard
Definition
1991
Term
HIPAA seeks to
Definition
-ensure continuity of health care coverage for individuals changing jobs
-impact on the mgmt of health information
-simplify the administration of health insurance
-and combat waste, fraud, & abuse in health insurance and healthcare
Term
risk can be identified as
Definition
antitrust violations, breach of contract, casualty exposure, defamation, embezzlement, environmental damage, fraud & abuse, general liability, hazardous substance exposure, professional malpractice, securities violations, transportation liability, and workers' comp
Term
what is risk identification
Definition
the collection of informaion about current and past patient occurrences and other events that present potential loss to the institution
Term
what are the 3 types of elder abuse
Definition
neglect, emotional and physical
Term
an incident review and evaluation process must provide for
Definition
investigation of all incidents; identification of trends among incidents; referral of incidents & trend summaries to be evaluatied to determine whether further action is necessary; and, referral of incidents requiring further action to the appropriate intitutional individuals, departments, services and committees
Term
what is the 5i system
Definition
1 investigate,
2 inform,
3 influence,
4 interpret and
5 integrate
Term
what are the progressive steps in the risk management process
Definition
-risk identification,
-risk analysis,
-risk control & treatment, and
-risk financing
Term
actions to prevent recurrence of incidents are classified by the acronym PACED. this stands for
Definition
Preventive,
Administrative,
Corrective,
Educational, and
Documentary
Term
what is the role of EMTALA
Definition
bars hospitals and physicians from ordering transfers of emergency patients or women in active labor until they are stabilized
Term
when should risk management education be given
Definition
in orientation and annually
Term
what is required by a healthcare institution before they can be reimbursed by HFCA for treating medicare patients
Definition
they must meet the Conditions of Participation (COP)
Term
what is the purpose of MQSA
Definition
requires national uniform quality standards for mammography facilities regardless of location
Term
define risk control
Definition
assures that losses due to property, casualty, or employess benefit risks are prevented, reduced in frequency &/or severity, or transfered.
Term
define OSHA
Definition
Occupational Safety & Health Act;
requires employers to furnish safe work environment
Term
what was the impetus (reason) for the medical waste tracking act
Definition
hypodermic needles that washed up onto the beaches of 3 states
Term
define COBRA
Definition
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act;
provides for continued health care coverage under group health plans for qualified separated workers for up to 18 months.
Term
define risk analysis
Definition
the evaluation of past experience & current exposure to eliminate or limit substanstially the impact of risk on cash flow, community image, & employee & medical staff morale
Term
how can risk management for health care entities be defined
Definition
an organized effort to identify, assess & reduce-risks to patients, visitors, staff, and organizational assets
Term
what is the aim in exposure avoidance
Definition
to rid the institution of the service, personnel, or equipment that may cause the loss, or to advise the institution never to be involved in providing the service or program at all
Term
define risk control/treatment
Definition
the organizations response to significant risk areas, as well as its rejoinder to limit the liability associated with incidents that have occurred
Term
the EPA reports that (blank) was the largest source of (blank) in the U.S
Definition
medical waste incineration by hospitals may be the largest source of airborne dioxin emissions in the U.S
Term
with the help of a risk management committee, mt sinai hospital identified what 3 objectives for their program
Definition
1 reduce the frequency of preventable adverse occurrences that lead to liability claims;
2 reduce the probability of a claim's being filed after an adverse event has occurred
3 help control the costs of claims that do emerge
Term
what document should be given to each patient upon admission & must be written in their own language
Definition
the patients' bill of rights
Term
from a business-oriented approach, risk management aims to accomplish what 3 functions
Definition
1 reduce organizations risk of a malpractice suit by maintaining/improving quality of care
2 reduce the probability of a claim being filed after a potentially compensable event (PCE)
3 preserve the institutions assts once a claim has been filed
Term
how can incident reports be categorized
Definition
by type of events and severity of situation
Term
what is elopement and wandering
Definition
the unauthorized movement of long term care residents within or from the premises of a healthcare facility, including intentional or unintentional absences by the patients
Term
what are some classifications of risk classified by type
Definition
-property: structural, mva, theft, sabotage, etc
-Casualty/liability: professional negligence, workers' comp, etc
-employee benefit: cost of benefit plans, disability claims, employee retirement & income security act (erisa) violations
Term
what was the needlestick safety & prevention act promulgated (created) to address
Definition
the 600,000 needlesticks & other sharps injuries each year
Term
know the differences of risk management vs QUALITY ASSURANCE
Definition
concerned with optimal level of care; directed toward patient care; focused on improving care
Term
know the differences of quality assurance & RISK MANAGEMENT
Definition
concerned with acceptable levels of care from a legal standpoint; directed toward all persons, events, & environs in the health care setting; focused on legal, insurance & risk financing activities
Term
define coordination
Definition
achieving unity in pursuit of shard objectives
Term
when does groupthink occur
Definition
when the desire for harmony & consensus overrides members rational efforts to appraise the situation
Term
what is the value of an informal group
Definition
high motivational value for individuals
Term
(blank) is an important component in understanding group process & effectiveness
Definition
team cohesivehess
Term
what is team learning
Definition
an interactive process of reflection & action through which teams may discover & correct problems & errors in their work processes
Term
what is the difference between behavior norms & performance norms
Definition
behavior-standardize how people act at work
performance-employee output
Term
task interdepence refers to
Definition
the interconnections between tasks
Term
how do boundary-spanning activities help teams
Definition
help coordinate with other teams to ensure that team activities serve the need of the organization as a whole
Term
what are the symptoms of groupthink
Definition
the illusion of invulnerability
-collective rationalization
-belief in the inherent morality of the team
-stereotyping others
-pressures to conform
-the use of mindguards
-self censorship
-illusion of unanimity
Term
(blank) involves the actions & interactions that take place in the team through which decisions are made, problems are solved, and work is accomplished
Definition
team processes
Term
what's the difference between a formal and informal leader
Definition
formal-have legitimate authority;
informal-embodies the values of the group, aids it in accomplishing objectives, facilitates group maintenance & serves as team spokesperson
Term
what are clinical guidelines
Definition
standardize care processes. addresses the appropriateness of care by specifying the indications for either tests or treatments and the decision process for adopting a treatment plan
Term
what is a use to the project mgmt design
Definition
structural means for coordination a large amount of talent & resources for a given period on a specific project
Term
what are the 6 steps of the advocacy process
Definition
1-analysis
2-strategy
3-mobilization
4-action
5-evaluation
6-continuity
Term
how can managers decrease the probabilityof misunderstandings of team members
Definition
clarify team and member roles
Term
what is a key aspect of team performance
Definition
team improvement
Term
what are critical pathways
Definition
management plans that display goals for patients & provide the corresponding ideal sequence & timing of staff actions to achieve those goals with optimal efficiency
Term
define group
Definition
2 or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences & is influenced by each other
Term
define group
Definition
2 or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences & is influenced by each other
Term
what is an informal group
Definition
not established or sanctioned by the organization
Term
what is team productivity
Definition
the amount of work produces with a given set of resources.
Term
what are the components of the communication model
Definition
sender-message-receiver
Term
how does Ancona & Caldwell classify the range of boundary spanning activities
Definition
-Ambassador
-task coordinator
-scout
Term
define parallel team
Definition
pull together people from different work units of jobs to perform functions that the regular organization is not equipped to perform
Term
which team coordinates and provides direction to the subunits under their jurisdiction
Definition
management teams
Term
what are the stages of team development
Definition
1 forming
2 storming
3 norming
4 performing
5 adjourning
Term
define the term free-rider
Definition
team member who obtains the benefits of group membership without the cost
Term
when does pooled interdependence occur
Definition
when individuals & units are related but do not bear a close connection
Term
define work team
Definition
continuing work units responsible for producing goods or providing services
Term
define social loafing
Definition
work less when in a group
Term
what are some barriers of communication
Definition
environmental & personal
Term
define psychological safety
Definition
individuals perceptions about the consequences of interpersonal risks in their work environment
Term
define project team
Definition
time limited, producing one-time outputs
Term
Mintzberg's 5 coordination mechanisms
Definition
1 mutual adjustment
2 direct supervision
3 standardization of work processes
4 standardization of work outputs
5 standardization of worker skills
Term
how can group leaders help avoid groupthink
Definition
-encourage members to critically evaluate proposals & solutions
-assign the same problem to two separate work teams
-proactively engaging in a process of critical appraisal of ideas and solutions,
-understanding the warning signs of groupthink
Term
how can the team communication network be defined
Definition
process behavior & interaction strategies. also, the type of interaction that occurs between members
Term
leadership in groups refers to
Definition
the ability of individuals to influence other members toward the achievement of the team's goals
Term
give an example of an informal group
Definition
physician unions
Term
define team
Definition
collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes & seen as an intact social entity & manage their relationships across organizational boundaries
Term
what are some consequences of groupthink
Definition
teams may limit themselves to one possible solution & fail to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a problem
Term
define advocacy
Definition
the effort to influence publice policy through various forms of communication persuasively
Term
when does sequential interdependence occur
Definition
when individuals & units bear a close but sequential connection
Term
when does reciprocal interdependence occur
-give ex
Definition
when individuals and units bear a close relationship and the interdependence goes both ways
-acute & long term beds
Term
what are task behaviors
Definition
relate directly to the teams work on its task
Term
what are outcome assessments
Definition
standardize the outputs of patient care through systematically collecting, monitoring & reporting performance results
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