Term
|
Definition
| self denial in order to achieve spirtiual enhancement |
|
|
Term
| Weber explained bureaucracy |
|
Definition
as ideal type
the standard example of instrumentally rational action
the rule of law rather than of persons, is most clearly observed in this form of administration
this form of administration is impersonal, objective and based on knowledge
mcdonalds inc
an organization based on offical rules and regulations, explicit job descriptions, hierarchical decision making and promotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
free labor is one of the key characteristics of this system
characterized by the iron cage of rationality
Weber argues that capitalism is a rational system in the sense of being calculating, efficient, reducing uncertainty, increasing predictability, and using increasing amounts of non-human technologies |
|
|
Term
| dysfunction of bureacracy |
|
Definition
bureaucratic red tape
(large amount of poor quality work)
displacement of goals
ritualism (over conformity to the rules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theoretical concept with which actual concrete facts are compared |
|
|
Term
| irrationality of rationality |
|
Definition
bureaucratic red tape
the denial of human reason and humanity by rational systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a broader form of rationality that characterizes organizations, especially bureaucratic ones. This leads to "universally applied rules, laws and regulations that characterize formal rationality in the West ... particularly in the economic, legal, and scientific institutions, as well as in the bureaucratic form of domination." (Ritzer, p. 123). Rational-legal forms of authority such as the contemporary legal and judicial systems are examples of formal rationality
weber
-means that the search by people for the optimum means to a given end is shaped by rules, regulations, and larger social structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
highlighted the importance of work promoted a methodically organized life governed by faith characterized by the belief in the doctrine of predestination weber showed the relationship between the cultural values associated with the protestant reformation and the rise of the culture of capitalism in the west.
weber showed the importance of religious ideas in shaping the behavior of the puritians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the rule of law,rather than of persons, is a reflection of this process
every aspect of human action became subject to calculation, measurment and control
promotes the dominance of instrumental rationality in all areas of social life
the emergence of the scientific mentality
mcdonaldization
historical process which magic and other forms of historical wisdom become less acceptable as means for explaining events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
views acquistiveness, trade and profit that indicates of personal virtue
-the value of work as an end in itself
-trade and profit, indicaters of personal virtue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
human reason
Individuals might consider a range of possible values or actions, and attempting to make them consistent. Weber termed this substantive rationality and considered it problematic in modern society in that rationalization of social life makes it difficult for people to pursue particular values. For example, pursuit of family or religious values may be difficult in modern society, given economic pressures and dominance of bureaucratic organizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the method of understanding the subjective meanings people give to thier action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-way things have always been
ancestor worship
voting for one party becauses ones family has always done so
singing the national anthem at sports events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -ways things are organized sexual attraction prejudice against males the emotional bond between parent and child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-current order is the best possible way of organizing actions
avoiding alcohol because of ones faith
following dietary rules dictated by one's religious belief
opposition to a homeland security policy because on believes it violates individual rights |
|
|
Term
| instrumentally-rational action |
|
Definition
-composed of binding agreement, have the right to impose or enforce agrrements
capital investment
holding organizational rallies in order to recruit new members
conductiing sociological research
opposition to a homeland security policy because one judges it to be ineffective |
|
|
Term
| cultural values and beliefs |
|
Definition
protestant ethic
docterine of predestination
spirit of capitalism
belief in atonement
taboo against idleness and recreational sports |
|
|
Term
| social structure (patterns of social action) |
|
Definition
industrialization
bureaucratic organization
comercial enterprise |
|
|
Term
| psychological orientation |
|
Definition
fear damnation
psychological withdrawal from the world
spiritual renewal |
|
|
Term
| functionalist perspective |
|
Definition
This perspective would ask: what are the functional and dysfunctional consequences of the internet?
Social facts either serve or undermine the social system
Social order is created and maintained by shared norms and values.
Society is a relatively stable system of interrelated and interdependent parts.
The view that social institutions generally represent societal consensus and serve the collective good.
This perspective is found in the work of Emile Durkheim.
This perspective emphasizes the relationship between capitalism and social integration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a formal organization that is designed to accomplish goals and task through the efforts of a large number of people in the most efficient and rational way possible |
|
|
Term
Weber
3 interrelated and fundamental topis |
|
Definition
the nature of science
-combined science and revolution
-saw as the search for thruth and argued that observations verified knowledge
-could provide information necessary to make such decisions
inevitability of history
-agrued there are no laws of historical development
-were not predicted in advance,rather they were all chance events
economic dterminism
-systems of domination are maintained because they are veiwed as legitimate by citizens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
webers use of term implies that social scientists should have no values at all
-researchers personal values and economic interest should not affect the process of social scientitic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "what ought to be" the sphere of values and "what is" the sphere of science, arguing that sociology should only focus on the latter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Weber-process in which magic and other forms of inherited wisdom become less acceptable as means for explaining events.
-people lead methodical lives, rely on reason supported by objective evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
summarizes the basic properties of social phenomena which, in turn can help the search for its historical casues.
weber developed these concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Highlights the key properties of specific events in history, once delineated the search for causes is given focus and direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
behavior undertaken in the light of ones basic values.
always involves commads or demands
-constitues an end in itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior determined by in bedded adaption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
behavior determined by peoples emotions in a given situation
ex:parent slapping child, football player punching an opponent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weber
cages in a sense that people are trapped in them, thier basic humanity denied |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Weber
formed by individuals feelings for eachother, based on affectual or traditional actions
-guided by affectual and traditional orientaions and motivations |
|
|
Term
| associative relationships |
|
Definition
based on rationality, whether intrumental or value rational,
-composed from considerations of rationality |
|
|
Term
| communal and associative relationships |
|
Definition
| weber termed legitimated orders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social relationships will proceed in accordance with the rules of the order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| predictable outcomes to actions undertaken |
|
|
Term
traditional, affective, value, instrumentally
actions |
|
Definition
| weber-these orientations are cultural or part of values, beliefs, and ideologies of a society, but they also come motivations that push actors to behave a certain way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of structures revealing a division of labor and pursuing particular goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed categories of individuals in a system of inequality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weber means that some segements of society have the authority to tell others what to do and as a result those with authority can control the distribution rescources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rationality/ideal type
individuals often find themslves in an "iron cage" constructed increasingly everywhere and rationalized bureaucracies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people were alienated because they do not control the means of production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The religious ritual that is based on the belief that the ghosts of deceased can mystically intercede on behalf of their living descendents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functionalism views society as a system that is a set of interconnected parts which together form a whole. The basic unit of analysis is society and its various parts are understood primarily in terms of their relationship to the whole. Thus social institutions such as family and religion are analyzed as a part of the social system rather than as isolated units. In a particular, they are understood with reference to the contribution they make to the system as a whole. The basic needs or necessary conditions of existence are called functional prerequisites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weber argued that this mode of administration was the only means of attaining efficient, flexible, and competent regulation under rule of law |
|
|
Term
| bureaucratic administrative |
|
Definition
people obtain positions based on knowledge and experience
obedience is owed to rules uniformly applicable to all
personal and offical affairs are kept seperate
lines of authority are explicit
task specialization is great |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is revolutionary, individuals who somehow identify themselves with the central facts or problems of peoples lives and who by the force of thier personalities communicate thier inpiration to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that it is ancient and embodies an inherent state of affairs that cannot be challenged by reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of traditional domination, occuring in larger social structures that require an administrative apparatus to execute edicts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-people obtain postions based on custume and loyalty to the leader
-officials owe odebdeince to the leader issuing commands
-personal and offcial affairs are combined
-lines of authority are vague
-task specialization is minimal
- |
|
|
Term
| Rationnal legal domination |
|
Definition
any legal norm can be created or changed by a procedurally correct enactment
-lies in procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
efficiency-getting from one point to another
calculability-emphasizes the quantitative aspects of products sold and services offered
predictability-assurance that products and services will be the same over time and in all laocales
control-over the people who enter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depended heavily on the emergence of free markets using money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excercise in historical hypothesis testing in which weber constructed a logical experiment using ideal types as conceptual tools. |
|
|
Term
| Stimulus that caused capitalism in the west was a set of relgious beliefs associated with_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
higher socioeconomic positions were overwhelmingly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a historical ideal type in that it conceptually accentutates certain aspects of the real world as a tool for understanding historical processes
culture values and beliefs
Views materialism, trade and profit as indicators of personal virtue
The value of work as an end in itself
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
who benefits and who is deprived by advancements in comeputer technology?
social facts reflect peoples efforts to satisfy thier material goods.
social order is created and maintained by power and domination
society consists of groups competing with one another over scarce goods
social institutions exist to serv the interests of the upper classes and act often to the detriment of the interest of other classes
this perspective us found in marx work
emphasizes system of exploitation under capitalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
social facts reflect the interrelationship of peoples values, psychological orientation and patterns of action
social order is created and manintained by meaningful social actions
society consist of people interacting with one another and attaching meaning to one anothers behavior
persective found in webers work
emphasizes the mmeaning that motivate peoples behavior in a capitalist society |
|
|
