the socially constructed differences between men and women.

-ideas of appropriate behaviors, roles, and styles of dress associate with males and females.

1) people often make assumptions about individuals sexual orientation based on their gender performances

2) some people find "inappropriate" gender behaviors of some gays to be more offensive or problematic that their sexual orientation

What percent of the population did Kinsey think was gay and is it a scientifically valid statistic?

Why or why not?

10%

No, did not have a representative sample

What percent of the population did Laumann et al. say was gay?

Was it a scientifically valid statistic? Why or why not?

1 to 3%

Yes because he took household surveys

True of False

The percentage of the population who are gay is higher in large cities than smaller towns and rural areas.

6/9 provided estimates

4/9 said it was 10% (of pop. was gay)

0/9 disacredited Kinsey's work

4/9 provided estimates (1-3%)

6/9 disacredited Kinseys work

0/9 mentioned the scientific data

Politics

-actively seek gay population

-NYC mayors attend gay pride parade

-mayor of Atlanta goes to gay bars to speak

-some purposely advertise to the gay community (alcohol signs in rainbow)

-gay magazines

-businesses often pass non-discrimination policies, offer health care benefits to gay partners

1. insurance

2. hospital visitation

3. social security

4. taxes

5. wills

early 1990s, gay couple sued for the right to marry

-voters passed to put admendment as marraige between a man and a woman.

Defense of Marriage Act

-federal law

1) the federal government will not legally recognize gay unions

2) states do not have to give legal recognition to the gay unions of other states

was the first to recognize gay unions

July 1, 2010

civil unions ordered by the Vermont Supreme Court

-marriage

-ordered by the Mass. Supreme Court

happened on the 50th anniversity of Brown vs. Board of Education

US Supreme Court ruled laws prohibiting interacial marriage were unconstitutional

16-17 states still had this law

Tinky Winky

triangle antanna, color puple, carries a purse

-have Gay Days

-health care to partners of gay employees

-Southern Baptist Convention boycotted

ended in 2005

-Disney did not take back its policy

ENDA

Employment Non Discrimination Act

would add sexual orientation as protection

exempt: religions, businesses with 50 or fewer employees, military

True of False

20 states and DC prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation

-argues that capitalism has enabled people to form identities based on their sexual orientation and subcultures with others who share their orientation.

-not saying capitalism makes people gay

-argues that capitalism has enabled people to form identities based on their sexual orientation and subcultures with other who share this orientation.

(not saying capitalism makes people gay)

this system of household production was indeclined and wage labor became more common

*for women wage labor barely last beyond marriage

Free labor system/wage labor transformed the structure and functions of the nuclear family

2 reasons

1) People no longer tied to the family for survival

2) Separation of sexuality from procreation

Colonial birth rate over 7 per woman

2 reasons

1) high rate of infant/child deaths

2) children were an economic asset

explain the decline in fertility in developed countries

parents to children (downward-liability)

children to parents(upward-economic asset)

• Homosexual behavior has long existed
• Homosexual identity is relatively new

1930- gay subculture was simple, unstable, and hard to find

late 1960s- stable, organized community in larger cities

• Dislocations of WWII
• 40s and 50s- pioneers openly living and establishing communities
• 1969- gay bar in NYC, police raided, people resisted, mini riot lasted for days

Whitman 1983-Culturally inveriable properties of male homosexuality.

Regulations we see cross culturally:

1) Homosexuality as a sexual orientation is universal, appearing in all societies(Iran said no gays lived in their country)

2) Rates of people with homosexual orientation appear to be similar in all societies and remain stable over time

5% people are gay cross culturally, no citation at all.

Which land regions?

1. interior design

2. fashion design

3. hair dresser

• bias motivation
• criminal conduct
• penalty enhancement

• Any bias-motivated crime
• Specific crimes

Higher category of penalty or next highest degree

Formula to add years to penalty

effort to include sexual orientation, gender, and disabilty status

passed in 2009

already a part of it was: race, religion, natural origin