Term
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Definition
| we tend to assign a cause to behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the person’s disposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Ex. Always important to tell the truth. But we “fib.” |
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Term
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Definition
| Ex. Being a Lutheran is important. More likely to join a Lutheran church |
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Term
| Cognitive dissonance theory |
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Definition
Ex. I need to exercise daily --> I’m not out there doing it --> “cognitive dissonance!”
You will rationalize |
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Term
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Definition
Results show 1/3 of subjects conform
Conditions that promote conformity:
You feel incompetent
At least 3 people in group
Group is unanimous
Admire group status or attractiveness
Others are watching you |
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Term
| Milgram’s Study (1965, 1974) |
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Definition
Study involving shocking when there is a wrong answer.
Results: 63% complied fully
Obedience was highest when:
“Orderer” was closeby & seen as legitimate
Supported by prestigious agency
Victim was depersonalized
No one else was seen disobeying |
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Term
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Definition
stronger performance in the presence of others
Sometimes its helpful but sometimes its not |
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Term
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Definition
| people in a group try less hard than if they are alone |
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Term
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Definition
forgetting about normal restraints and giving in to the power of the group
Ex. People in the KKK, Gang activity |
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Term
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Definition
Good
Religious
Bad
Suicide Bombers |
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Term
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Definition
| a desire for harmony in the group takes precedence over realistically looking at the alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
mere exposure effect
repeated exposure causes you to like person or object
Ex. When best friends fall in love |
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Term
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Definition
| more important than intelligence and personality |
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Term
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Definition
Role of media
Most people feel like they are attractive
no relation to self-esteem
symmetrical appearance
Attracted more similar to us |
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Term
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Definition
Bystander intervention
Diffusion of responsibility
Real event: Kitty Genovese
Research study: Darley & Latane (1968) |
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Term
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Definition
Disturbance in behavior
Personal distress/impairment
Can stem from internal dysfunction
Biological
Psychological
or Both |
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Term
| Four Approaches to Mental disorders |
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Definition
Medical Model- came around 1800s, Philip Pnail thought we would treat people with diseases
Psychoanalytic approach- mental illness is caused by conflicts between the id and ego
Cognitive behavioral approach- treated clients with problems that could be solved
Bio-psycho social mode- all behavior whether normal or abnormal comes from nature and nurture |
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Term
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Definition
Predisposition- if you live in conditions of high stress can cause disorders
Triggered by stress |
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Term
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Definition
Statistical frequency (atypical)
Deviation from social norms (disturbing to others)
Maladaptive behavior approach (harmful) |
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Term
| DSM(Diagnostic statistical Manual) |
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Definition
came out in 1962
insurance companies began to pay
revised in 1987
keeps revising over time |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more disorders in a single individual |
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Term
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Definition
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobic disorders
Obsessive / compulsive disorder |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
Chronic feeling of anxiety
No cause, so can’t avoid
restlessness |
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Term
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Definition
description
increased risk of drug abuse
depression, suicide
may be genetic |
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Term
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Definition
Simple phobias
spiders, hights, clowns, small spaces
Social phobias
an irrational phobia
terrified of social interactions
identical twins have the same phobias |
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Term
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Definition
difficult to treat
phobias are learned
behavioral
we can unlearn phobias
cognitive/behavioral |
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Term
| Obsessive/Compulsive Disorder |
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Definition
Obsessions( persistent and unwanted thought)
Compulsions( to do an act over again) |
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Term
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Definition
Conversion disorder
Somatization disorder
Hypochondriasis |
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Term
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Definition
temporary blindness
temporary paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
12-15 symptoms with no cause
Most rare |
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Term
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Definition
interpret fairly normal symptoms as diseases or more than normal
nothing physically wrong |
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Term
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Definition
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity disorder |
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Definition
can also be called multiple personality disorder
usually occurs during a childhood trauma
not common |
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Term
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Definition
| part of memory is gone but it usually will come back |
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Term
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Definition
| person looses all personal information |
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Term
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Definition
Major depressive disorder
Dysthymia
Bipolar disorder |
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Term
| Major depressive disorder |
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Definition
unipolar(really down)
lasts 2 weeks with no cause
appetite changes(weight gain/loss)
sleep changes
suicidal |
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Term
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Definition
milder form of depression
lasts 2 years
tend to expect the worse
you can still function |
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Term
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Definition
1 percent in getting an episode
high=manic or mania
mood-euphoric, irritable
grandiose canditch(think you can do anything)
physical symptoms- increase in heart beat
reoccurs every 15/20 years
highest heritability rate |
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Term
| 10 Common Characteristics of Suicide |
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Definition
Unendurable psychological pain
Frustrated psychological needs
The search for a solution
An attempt to end consciousness
Helplessness and hopelessness
Constriction of options
Ambivalence
Communication of intent
Departure
Lifelong coping patterns |
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Term
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Definition
Biological theory:
chemical imbalance
genetic predisposition
Cognitive theory:
self blaming |
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Term
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Definition
Psychotherapy
Drug therapy:
antidepressants
lithium
Shocking therapy:
ECT(electric convulsive therapy) |
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Term
| Personality Disorders – 3 Clusters |
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Definition
Expresses anxiety
Avoidant personality disorder
Expresses eccentric behaviors
Schizoid personality disorder
Expresses dramatic or impulsive behaviors
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder |
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Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Formerly “sociopath” or “psychopath”
starts as early as 3 to 6 years old
lack of conscience
dont feel any remorse |
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Term
| What causes personality disorders? |
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Definition
Genetics - Environment combination
Not easily aroused
Diminished frontal cortex activity
Stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Occurrence of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
Acute:
2-3 episodes throughout life
caused by stress
Chronic:
comes around teen years 17,18,19
life long |
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Term
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Definition
Positive:
hallucinations
confused speech
inappropriate laughing, crying, or anger
Negative:
flat emotionally, almost zombie like
no movement or talking |
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Term
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Definition
Disordered thought
Disordered attention
Disordered perceptions
Motor disorders
Emotional (affect) disorders |
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Term
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Definition
thinking of yourself as famous
thinking is fragmented
word salad |
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Term
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Definition
disturbed perceptions
hallucinations
hear voices |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Paranoid schizophrenia
Disorganized schizophrenia
Catatonic schizophrenia
Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| think people are after you |
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Term
| Disorganized schizophrenia |
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Definition
speech all over the place
odd behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Definition
a combination of Paranoid schizophrenia,
Disorganized schizophrenia,Catatonic schizophrenia |
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Term
| Possible Causes of schizophrenia |
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Definition
Genetic predisposition
Plus other factors
Physiological
Increase in dopamine receptors
Presence of larger ventricles in the brain
Decreased metabolic activity in frontal lobes |
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Term
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Definition
Antipsychotic drugs
Decrease dopamine levels
Examples:Phenothiazines (Thorazine) |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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Definition
| Each day Wayne felt he had to lock and unlock his door 11 times both before he left and then again from the outside. Wayne could not leave without doing this ritual because otherwise he would repeatedly think about his door being unlocked. Wayne most likely has... |
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Term
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Definition
| John walks into town after hitchhiking all day and has dinner at a local restaurant. The waitress asks him where he's from and John can't answer. He actually has no memory of his past and so doesn't know who he is or where he came from. The waitress calls the police and, after some investigation, it is discovered that John is 300 miles away from home. John is most likely experiencing |
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Term
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Definition
| Selena believes that people who do not share her religious faith are morally inferior to those of her faith. This is an example of... |
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