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Definition
| People are fascinated by abnormality as it relates to psychological disorders |
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| Why are we fascinated by Abnormal Psychology? |
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Definition
1. It may be partly because we see something of ourselves in the abnormal
2. It may be because many of us have felt bewildered and have felt the pain of psychological disorder personally or through family and friends |
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| A difference in the degree to which behavior or thinking resembles an agreed upon criteria (varies with culture and times; also often based on statistics. |
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| Greek (400 BC) View of madness |
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Definition
| disease (natural cause-imbalance in body fluids |
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| Middle Ages (5th-16th century AD)- |
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| spiritual context (witches and devils) |
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| reformed French hospital system- stated that madness was a sickness in response to severe stress and inhumane conditions |
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Definition
| mental disorders are diseases that have objective physical causes and require specific treatments |
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Definition
| mental disorders attributed to the interaction of 3 factors; Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural. |
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| Physiological Model- Biological |
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Definition
| anatomy and chemistry of the brain and other physiological processes |
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| Physiological Model- Psychological |
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Definition
| unconscious conflicts, maladaptive ways of viewing physiological processes |
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| Physiological Model-Sociocultural |
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Definition
| abnormally viewed differently around the world |
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Definition
| Symptoms related to ineffective attempts to deal with reality (try to reduce anxiety-such as with an obsessive individual) |
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| General category for a number of severe mental disorders in which perception, thinking, and emotion are impaired. |
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Definition
| classifies, but does not attribute causes of disorders 230 Psychological disorders and conditions are put into 17 categories |
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Term
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Definition
| classifies, but does not attribute causes of disorders 230 Psychological disorders and conditions are put into 17 categories |
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Term
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Definition
| more men are alcholics and anti-social, but more women have a phobia and have a mood disorder |
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Definition
| Longstanding, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of perceiving, thinking, or behaving |
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Term
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| People who love themselves- need for attention, responding inappropriately to criticism |
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| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| Typically male, not nice people, violate rights of others, violent, criminal, unethical, exploitative. |
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| Why Personality Disorders? |
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Definition
| 1. Emotional deprivation in early childhood from parents |
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Definition
| primary symptoms- anxiety or defenses that ward off anxiety- phobia, gerealized anxiety disorders, obsessive compolsive, panic attack, Post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Intense and irrational fear of some object or situation |
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
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Definition
| Not focused like with a phobia, continually tense and heavy |
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Definition
| trying to deal with persistent thoughts |
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Definition
| short term, sudden unpredictable feeling of intense fear or terror |
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| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Definition
| Anxiety long after an event occurs, Vietnam war, rape |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior that once helped to control anxiety becomes a problem itself.
Behavioral- associate anxiety and harmful situation
Biological-inherited
Observational learning-observe someone who is anxious in a particular situation, and then you become anxious in the same situation |
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Definition
| Physical complaint suggests a physical disorder, but no organic problem is found. Hypochondria and conversion disorder |
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Definition
| preoccupied with body sensations, despite assurance that there is no problem |
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Definition
| Loss of specific sensory or motor function |
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Term
| Why Somatoform? (Psychoanalytic, Behavioral and Biological) |
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Definition
Psychoanalytic- conversion of emotional problems to a physical problem
Behavioral- learn that sickness can avoid unpleasant situation
Biological- unusual sensitivity to internal process |
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Definition
Dissociative amnesia-memory
" Fugue- identity loss
" Personality- Multiple personality disorder |
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| Why Dissociative Disorders? |
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Definition
| Block out thoughts that cause anxiety, block out of unwanted thoughts is rewarding |
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Definition
| Disturbance of mood in which the person is either excessively depressed or elated or both |
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Definition
Behavioral- lack of reinforcement
Cognitive-negative and self-blaming thoughts
Biological- Heredity and neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| Schizophrenia- pervasive thought disturbance, fluid thinking, difficulty with selective attention, withdrawal form social contact, delusions |
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Definition
| some person or group is posing a serious personal threat when there is none |
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Definition
| Anorexia, Bulimia,Deprive oneself of food or prevent food form being digested |
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| Treatment of Psychopathology |
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Definition
Diagnosis-label
Etiology-determine cause
Prognosis-Estimate time
Treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| Prefrontal Lobotomy- cut connection between thalamus and frontal lobes |
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| Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy |
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Definition
| originally used for schizophrenia now used for depressed- 15 schocks |
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Definition
| Use of psychological methods to help people modify their behavior so they can more satisfactorily adjust to their environment |
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| Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic |
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Definition
| problems stem from unconscious defenses pitted against unacceptable urges dating back to childhood, therapist sits behind patient remaining neutral and mostly silent |
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Definition
| Bring unconscious (repressed) thoughts into consciousness, and these thoughts are interpreted by analyst |
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Definition
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Definition
| underlying meaning behind what they said |
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Definition
| Patient responds to analyst in personal terms- yelling at therapist as if they were father |
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Definition
| used with phobias- takes one association you have and changed it to make it more positive |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous intense exposure to anxiety provoking |
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Term
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Definition
| learn negative association, drinking and nausea |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal is growth in self-awareness and self-acceptance, not cure |
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Term
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Definition
modeling-obserce models
Social skill learning-learn when, where, why, adn how to say something to someone else |
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Definition
| change the way a person thinks about themselves and the world |
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Definition
| the scientific study of how we think, feel, and behave in relation to one another |
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Term
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Definition
how we come to know and evaluate others
A. Make attributions
B. Forming Impressions of others |
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Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Definition
| overemphasize dispositional (especially with respect to others- if something goes bad with him you blame him.) |
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Definition
| First impressions weighed heavily and are highly resistant to change |
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Definition
| behavior controlled by the presence and actions of others without regard to underlying attitudes |
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Definition
| standard line compared to 3 test lines |
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Definition
| Nazi Germany, Milgram Experiment |
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Term
| Attitude and Attitude Change |
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Definition
| to have lasting effects, social influence must change not only behavior but attitudes |
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Term
| Attitudes can change through... |
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Definition
| Persuasion, Advertisers, Heuristics, Dehumanization |
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Term
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Definition
| rule of thumb, the use of heuristics may lead to problems, being persuaded merely on basis of number of arguements, bring persuaded on basis of celebrity or sexual image in advertisement |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological erasure of human qualities, iraq, women as objects |
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Term
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Definition
| involves an unpleasant state of arousal created when our attitudes and behavior do not match |
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