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Final Exam
Test 2
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/08/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
According to Piaget, one limitation of concrete operational thought is that it is not yet
Definition
abstract
Term
Research indicates that easy access to contraceptives for teenagers results in
Definition
reduced pregnancy rates.
Term
According to Erikson, the major personality achievement during adolescence is
Definition
identity
Term
Which of the following is supported by research about obesity in children?
Definition
Overweight children tend to have overweight parents.
Term
Although Kohlberg proposes six stages of moral development,
Definition
most people never move beyond Stage 4.
Term
Angelina is so worried about being overweight that she has nearly stopped eating. The result is that she is literally starving herself to death. Angelina has
Definition
anorexia nervosa.
Term
In preparing for a competition, 12-year-old Robi tries to think of all possible factors that might affect the distance that his remote-controlled car can jump off a ramp. He lists them and then tests them in an orderly fashion. In Piaget's terms, Robi is using
Definition
hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
Term
Seven-year-old Ashley realizes that her brother remains a boy even when he dresses up as a bride for Halloween. This example demonstrates that Ashley has acquired the concept of gender
Definition
constancy.
Term
Martine has just been shown two boxes-a plain, unmarked box full of crayons and a familiar Crayola box that is empty. Next, Martine is asked to predict where another child will look for the crayons. This task assesses Martine's understanding of
Definition
false belief.
Term
In response to the Heinz dilemma, Juanita explains, "He shouldn't steal it, because if he does he could go to jail." She is at which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Definition
Stage 1
Term
During the past three decades,
Definition
the number of asthma-related deaths has risen.
Term
The Kareninas have just divorced. They have two sons, 5 and 10 years old. Which of these following behaviors is most likely to be displayed by the 5-year- old?
Definition
blaming himself
Term
That logical operations develop gradually poses a serious challenge to Piaget's
Definition
stage concept.
Term
Research on child sexual abuse indicates that
Definition
the abuser is most often a parent or someone the parent knows well.
Term
By age 6, the brain has reached __________ percent of its adult weight.
Definition
90
Term
Research on sex differences in motor skills during middle childhood indicates that
Definition
girls outperform boys on skills that depend on agility and balance.
Term
A secular trend in the timing of puberty is a tendency for
Definition
girls to mature earlier than their mothers.
Term
Teenagers Zia and Helena love to play word games, where they evaluate the logical validity of statements ("Most zups like to eat crups. Mup is a zup. Does Mup like to eat crups?"). They are able to do this without any reference to real- world circumstances. The girls are demonstrating
Definition
propositional thought.
Term
Compared with typically-developing children, children with autism
Definition
have a deficient theory of mind.
Term
Riley is impulsive, disobedient, and rebellious. He is also demanding and dependent on adults. His parents are most likely to fit which of the following child rearing styles?
Definition
permissive
Term
Sarah, a 3-year-old, says that Song Li is her best friend. From this you can best draw the conclusion that these two girls
Definition
share toys and enjoy playing together.
Term
Which of the following is supported by research on the development of motor skills in early childhood?
Definition
Girls are ahead of boys in fine motor skills.
Term
Research on body weight shows that
Definition
diabetes is rising rapidly among overweight children.
Term
Which of the following factors are believed to contribute to the widening gender gap in college enrollments? (There are currently more female undergraduates - 58% - enrolled than males; and this gap is increasing.)
Definition
girls' advantages in reading and writing achievement
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
Definition
Girls reach puberty an average of 2 years earlier than boys do.
Term
Two-year-old Calvin says, "My cup falled," when his cup fell off of the table. The
grammatical error in Calvin's sentence is known as an
Definition
overregularzation
Term
Two-year-old Calvin says, "My cup falled," when his cup fell off of the table. The
grammatical error in Calvin's sentence is known as an
Definition
promotes maturity and adjustment in children of diverse temperaments.
Term
When Darren's classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, he received
almost no votes, neither positive nor negative. He would be classified as
Definition
neglected
Term
Five-year-old Daniel and 4-year-old Alex like to pretend that they are racecar drivers. Often, Daniel will act out driving in a race and Alex will pretend to be his pit crew. This is an example of
Definition
sociodramatic play
Term
Barbara's class had a bake sale, and she is in charge of distributing the profits.
She thinks that the money a child makes should be a direct proportion to how
much the child baked, with no exceptions. Barbara thinks of fairness in terms of
Definition
merit
Term
According to Vygotsky, private speech during the preschool years
Definition
helps young children guide their behavior during challenging tasks.
Term
According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is
Definition
industry versus inferiority.
Term
Eight-year-olds Mariana and Anna Claire are best friends. When asked, they
will probably say that __________ is the most important part of their friendship.
Definition
trust
Term
Four-year-old Sushil is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When
Sushil is asked to pick the picture that shows what the display looks like from the
doll's perspective, he will most likely
Definition
pick the picture that shows his own point of view
Term
The most common psychological problem of adolescence is
Definition
depression
Term
The most common psychological problem of adolescence is
Definition
victims generally deny that any problem exist
Term
Studies of IQ correlations among kinship pairs indicate that
Definition
correlations for identical twins are higher than for fraternal twins.
Term
During the years from third grade to sixth grade, boys' identification with the
masculine gender role __________ and girls' identification with the feminine
gender role __________.
Definition
strengthens; declines
Term
Three-year-old Gwen explains that her bicycle is sad because it is alone in the
garage. Gwen is demonstrating
Definition
animistic thinking
Term
Which of the following groups has the highest absolute number of suicides.?
Definition
older men
Term
According to Piaget, the most likely reason that a 4-year-old cannot solve a
conservation-of-liquid problem is that
Definition
the child's attention is captured by the height of the water and she finds it
difficult to also consider the widths of the glasses.
Term
During middle childhood, children need approximately how many calories a
day?
Definition
2,400
Term
Critics of Vygotsky's theory argue that his theory
Definition
overemphasizes the role of verbal dialogues.
Term
All of the adolescent girls below are the same age. Who will probably be the first
to reach menarche?
Definition
Brooke, who is overweight
Term
Research into the causes of homosexuality has found evidence for the influence of
Definition
a gene or group of genes on the X chromosome.
Term
Which of the following is a game that a 4-year-old would likely have enough
motor skills to play?
Definition
throwing a ball
Term
What is considered the greatest risk to the health and well-being of a preschoolage child
Definition
accidents
Term
Twelve-year-old Sam believes that he is a pretty good soccer player, but not as
good in chorus. This is an aspect of Sam's
Definition
self-concept
Term
Middle-school-age boys typically have all of the following except
Definition
two or more "best friends" who are of relatively equal status.
Term
"Brains," "jocks," "preppies," and "partyers" are typical examples of high
schoo
Definition
crowds
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