Term
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Definition
| an obvious impairment in the ability to perceive and comprehend events accurately combined with disorganization of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
mental images so vivid that they seem real
ex. hearing voices |
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Term
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Definition
false beliefs that are often bizarre
ex. being controled by aliens |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of understanding the development of a psychological disorder |
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Term
major depressive disorder
(MDD) |
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Definition
2+ weeks of depressed mood
- sleep/eating disturbances
- loss of energy
-feelings of hopelessness |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood disorder marked by one or more episodes of mania altering with periods of depression |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a persons acteristic way of explaining life events |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme intense fear and/or anxiety |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| excessive anxiety that is not consistently related to a specific object or situation |
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Term
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Definition
| fear/avoidance of places that might be difficult to leave should a panic attack occur |
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Term
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Definition
exaggerated fear of an object, situation, or group + avoidance
- interfere with everyday life |
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Term
social phobia
(social anxiety disorder)
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Definition
| fear of public embarrassment and avoidance of social situations |
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Term
obsessive compulsive disorder
(OCD) |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder marked by the presence of obsessions and sometimes compulsions |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel compelled to perform in response to an obsession |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotic disorder in which the patients behavior and thoughts are profoundly altered |
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Term
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Definition
distortion of normal functions
ex. hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
loss of normal functions
ex. restriction in speech |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological and social stressors in an urban environment that may lead to an increase in the rate of schizophrenia (especially in the poor) |
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Term
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Definition
intense therapy developed by Freud based on the idea that peoples psychological difficulties are caused by conflicts among the id, ego, and superego
ex. patient on the couch, therapist behind
-free association
-dream analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| less intensive than psychoanalysis |
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Term
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Definition
| when the therapist deciphers the patients words and behaviors, assigning unconscious motivations to them |
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Term
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Definition
| unconcious mechanisms used to handle conflictual and distressing thoughts and feelings |
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Term
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Definition
reluctance or refusal to cooperate with the therapist
- unconcious or outright refusal |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of the patient relating to the therapist as they did to someone important in their life |
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Term
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Definition
focuses on peoples potential for growth
- client vs. patient |
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Term
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Definition
| a mismatch between a persons real self and his or her ideal self in client centered therapy |
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Term
cognitive-behavior therapy
(CBT) |
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Definition
therapy that aims to change problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones
behavior therapy+cognitive therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| therapy that focuses on changing observable measurable behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
technique based on classical conditioning and habituation
ex. exposing someone with arachniphobia to spiders |
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Term
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Definition
| imagining the feared stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| expose the patient/client to the actual stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| using virtual reality techniques to expose themselves to the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
controling the exposure to a stimulus that elicits a conditioned response so as to decrease or increase the frequency of the response
ex. bulimic buying one doughnut instead of 12 |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| a procedure that teaches people to be relaxed in the prescence of a feared object or situation |
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Term
| progressive muscle relaxation |
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Definition
| relaxation technique where the muscles are relaxed from one end of the body to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| changing the behavior, not focusing on thoughts or feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| a treatement program that uses secondary reinforcers to bring about behavior modification |
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Term
| self monitoring techniques |
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Definition
| helps the client identify the consequences of a problimatic behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on the clients thoughts rather than their feelings or behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| irrational thoughts that arise from a systematic bias in the way a person thinks about reality |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of helping shift thinking away from the dysfunctional thoughts on to more realistic ones |
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Term
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Definition
| educating clients about therapy and research findings realating to them |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on how people think about other people and interact in relationships/groups |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on how people perceive their social worlds and what they do with that perception |
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Term
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Definition
| an overall evaluation about some aspect of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| uncomfortable state that arises because of a discrepancy between an attittude and behavior or between two behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| explinations for our behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| explains a persons behavior in terms of that persons prefrences |
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Term
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Definition
| explains a persons behavior in terms of the situation |
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Term
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Definition
| a cognitive shortcut for determining attribution that generally occurs outside of conscious awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to interpret other peoples behavior as due to internal causes rather than external |
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Term
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Definition
| to attribute your failures to external causes and your successes to internal ones but other peoples failures vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| chainging your beliefs or behavior to fit in |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in behavior prompted by a direct request rather than by social norms |
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