Term
| chloramphenical in kids can cause |
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Definition
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Term
| sulfanilamide in kids can cause |
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Definition
|
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Term
| tetracycline in kids can cause |
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Definition
|
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Term
| steroids in premies can cause |
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Definition
|
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Term
| DES for premature labor can cause |
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Definition
| clear cell carcinoma, urinary tract abnormalities |
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|
Term
| Thalidomide in kids can cause |
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Definition
| ASD, Autism and Phocomelia |
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Term
| Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1962 said |
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Definition
| manufacturers must prove safety AND efficacy prior to marketing a new drug |
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Term
| where most drugs are absorbed in kids |
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Definition
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Term
| gastric pH in neonates is 5.5-7 and fluctuates until 2 yo. Compared to preterm babies they have |
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Definition
| HIGH gastrin levels and less acid. |
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Term
| bile acid is low at birth therefor |
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Definition
| dec absorption of fat-soluble drugs |
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Term
| 5-7x higher at birth for enhances enterohepatic recirculation of bilirubin and drugs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| substrate for Fetal Hepatic Enzyme CYP3A4 |
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Definition
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Term
| birth triggers expression of UGT1A1 gene to activate ______ which is an enzyme that converts lipophilic biligrubin and drugs into excretable, water soluble metabolites |
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Definition
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Term
| this is the primary acetominophen pathway in neonates. High activity in fetal and NB livers |
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Definition
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Term
| this enzyme has adult activity by 1 yo |
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Definition
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Term
| the enzyme converts androgens to E in placenta and regulates fetal exposure to drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| factors that INC transfer of drugs to fetus via placenta |
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Definition
| INC lipid solubility, 100 DA, high uterine blood flow, ion trapping due to lower pH in fetus |
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Term
| Teratogen Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid can cause this in a NB |
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Definition
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Term
| teratogen Lithium can cause this in a NB |
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Definition
| Ebstein's anomaly (opening of TCV is displaced to apex of RV) |
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Term
| Psychoactive drugs can cause this in a NB |
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Definition
| neonatal abstinance syndrome (horrible) |
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|
Term
| Teratogen Ambien can cause this in a NB |
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Definition
|
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Term
| systemic retinoids are a teratogen and can cause |
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Definition
| CNS, CV and craniofacial problems |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sudafed D (phenylephrine) |
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha agonists: decrease BF and promote drainage. you are congesting bc of TOO MUCH BF and swelling |
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Term
| a HTN pt who needs a decongestant should be given this, an antihistamine |
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Definition
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Term
| SE of Oxymetazoline and Pseudoephedrine, respectively |
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Definition
| Rebound congestion and Cardiac stimulation |
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Term
| fast, 1st generation antihistamines.. BLOCK H1 receptros to dec edema, mucus and itching |
|
Definition
diphenhydramine,
chlorpheniramine
clemastine |
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|
Term
| 2nd generation, less sedating antihistamines: |
|
Definition
Loratadine/Claritin
Desloratadine/Clarinex
fexofenadine/Allegra
Cetrizine/Zyrtec |
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Term
| DOC in ER for anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
| 1st generation antihistamine bc they are FAST acting |
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Term
|
Definition
| sedation, paradoxical effect, dry MM |
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Term
| antitussives that suppress sough reflex in medulla and may cause sedation or dry mouth |
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Definition
| codeine and dextromethorphan (delsym/robitussin) |
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|
Term
| cases in which you would NOT give an antitussive |
|
Definition
| when coughing is needed like in asthma or COPD |
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Term
| one more time, MOA of NSAID prototype ASA |
|
Definition
| IRREVERSIBLE acetylation of COX pathway. Inhibits platelet aggregation |
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|
Term
| one more time, MOA of NSAID prototype ASA |
|
Definition
| IRREVERSIBLE acetylation of COX pathway. Inhibits platelet aggregation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| GI bleed, salicylism (tinnitus, dizzy, HA), REYES SYNDROME in kids |
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|
Term
| dose of ASA for CV protection |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| REVERSIBLE acetylation of COX |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pts with ASA allergy or PREGGO! caution w/ warfarin or existing GI dz |
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|
Term
| DOC for NON-inflammatory pain and in preggos |
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Definition
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|
Term
| All vitamins have a recommended daily allowance and a tolerable upper limit which is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a fat soluble vitamin used to promote vision, bone growth and acne tx |
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Definition
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|
Term
| sources for Vit A and carotenoise |
|
Definition
| liver, whole milk, cooked beef and dark fruit/veggies |
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|
Term
| first sign of vitamin A deficiency commonly seen in pts with fat malabsortin, vegetarians or retinitis pismentosum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| effects of HYPERvitaminosis A |
|
Definition
| birth defects, liver abn, DECREASED BONE DENSITY and CNS dysfunction |
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|
Term
| fat soluble vitamin used to maintain bone health and given with Ca to prevent OP |
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Definition
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|
Term
| victims prone to vit d deficiency |
|
Definition
| impaired absorption, kidney dz, limited sun exposure, gastric bypass surg, breastfed infants |
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|
Term
| fat soluble ANTIOXIDANT used to promote health and prevent dz |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Hypervitaminosis E would cause |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage, inhibit platelet aggregation, don't give with ANTICOAGS!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Fat soluble vit used in coumadin/warfarin OD and found in green leafy veggies |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| HSR so you give it PO.. also hyperbilirubinemia |
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|
Term
| water soluble vitamin used for dyslipidemia by increasing HDL. AE is flushing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| an adjunct to INH for TB or tx in carpal tunnel |
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Definition
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|
Term
| water soluble vitamin used to tx pernicious anemia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| water soluble vit used in pregnany and has a CV role (dec homocysteine) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| can regulate glucose tolerance in DM |
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Definition
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|
Term
| if mixed with cocaine --> cocethylene --> Vfib. can caused delerium tremens and B12 def |
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Definition
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|
Term
| long acting BZDP tx for delerium tremens |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tx for EtOH abuse which actis on GABA/glutamate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| drug that blocks opiod receptors so block reward feeling in alcoholics |
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Definition
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|
Term
| anti-epileptic that INC GABA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase --> inc acetylaldehyde-->n/v |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| used for panic attacks and GAD called 'zanies' and blue bars |
|
Definition
| BZDP (sedative hypnotics) |
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Term
|
Definition
| anxiolytic, drowsy, sedation, AGING LIVER |
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|
Term
| a BZDP receptor ANTAGONIST which MAY cause seizures |
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Definition
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|
Term
| alpha agonist used to tx benzo use |
|
Definition
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Term
| a controlled substance used as anesthetic/epidural and can cause analgesia, EUPHORIA., sedation, skin popping, hep/HIV, cellulitis, resp depression/coma/death! |
|
Definition
| Opiates!! Heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone (oxycontin, percocet), hydrocodone (vicodin) |
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|
Term
| an opiod receptor blocker for withdrawl sxs in opiod abuse |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a full opiod agonist, very addictive, can have a fatal OD, dispensed at meth clinic |
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Definition
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|
Term
| partial Mu receptro opiod agonist, can be used at home |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Oxycodone, morphine, methadone, percocets are level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific rx pad, NO REFILLS, need original rx to fill. MUST HAVE DEA # |
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Term
| C-I drugs, docs don't write rx |
|
Definition
| heroin, marijuana and LSD |
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Term
| C-III drugs with mod abuse potetion. Rx is valid for 12 months and only refillable 5x in 6 mo |
|
Definition
| tylenol w/codeine, hydrocodone (vicodin) |
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|
Term
| C-IV drugs mod abuse potetion. Rx is valid for 12 months and only refillable 5x in 6 mo |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| C-V drug; limited abuse potential, some avail OTC, unlimited refills |
|
Definition
| cough syrup w/codeine, robitussin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| OMISSIONS (forgetting to sign, refill quantity, DEA, strength) |
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|
Term
| CNS stimulant nicotine tx |
|
Definition
| patch, Welbutrin (antidepressent) or Verenicline (chantix) |
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|
Term
| amphetamine (Adderall) and ritalin is C-II drug --no refills!! used for ADHD, can tx abuse with |
|
Definition
| BZDO for seizures, diazoxide for htn crisis or haloperidol for aggitation |
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|
Term
| Mech by which alcohol produces intoxication and FAS |
|
Definition
| inc GABA(A) by GABA and decreased NMDA via glutamate |
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|
Term
| most likely cause of alcohol induces hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rewarding effects of opiates, cocaine, etoh and amphetamines result from |
|
Definition
| DOPA in the nucleus accumbans |
|
|
Term
| hallucinogen persisting perception d.o is due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you test + for pot even after 1 week bc |
|
Definition
| its lipid soluble, stays in adipose and is slowly releases over time |
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|
Term
| toxic paranoid psychosis, LOC and cerebral ischemia are possible AE of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the dev of tolerance to the euphoric and relaxing effects of this drug may cause pt to inc dose or combine with alchol with can cause resp dep and death |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a chemist wants to manufacture a C-II drug and thinks he can do so w/o violating laws by |
|
Definition
| altering the structure of the drug while maintaining desired effects |
|
|
Term
| spontaneous withdrawl sx from opiods can be txs with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased DOPA and noradrenergic systems in teh brain is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recent change in behavior: low energy, bugs 'crawling' sensations, paranoia, bad grades can be due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amphetamine and nicotine has a similar MOA |
|
Definition
| release DOPA in the brain |
|
|
Term
| chronic etoh abuse can be dxd by |
|
Definition
| hypoglycemia, folic acid def, hypokalemia |
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|
Term
| 53 yo F given rx for Auralgan which calls for 3 drops in ear, 4x perday for 3 days. med is dispensed in a 10 ml bottle. correct rx would be |
|
Definition
Auralgan
Disp: 10 ml
Sig: iii gtts (drops) a.s. (left ear) qid x 3d |
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|
Term
| rx of ritalin (C-2) at dose of 10 mg 3 times each day before meals. correct rx is |
|
Definition
Ritalin 10 mg
disp: #90
sig: i tab PO tid ac (before meals) |
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|
Term
| tx for an ear infection at a dose of 45 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days for a 33 lb kid. amoxil is available at a dose of 125 mg/5ml and 250 mg/5ml. what is the correct rx? |
|
Definition
Amoxil 250/5ml
disp: 150 ml
sig: i tsp PO q8hrs x 10 d |
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|
Term
| excessive folate may cause |
|
Definition
|
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