Term
5 Kingdoms that all living things fall into. |
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Definition
-Animalia- sponge, jellyfish,insect
-Fungi-Mushroom,Mold,Yeast
-Monera(Prokaryotes) bacteria
-Protista(Eukaryotes)amoebia, paramecium, algae
-Plantae-mosses,ferns,roses
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| The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane |
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| The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated |
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| the concentration of the solute is the same through a solution |
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| Large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms |
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What are the different types of Macromolecules?
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Definition
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acid
- Carbohydrates |
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Term
What is the monomers and bonds for the four macromolecules:
- Carbs
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acid
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Definition
Carbohydrates -monosacchride-glycosidic linkage
Lipids- glycerol & fatty acid- esterbond
Proteins-Amino Acid-Peptide
Nucleic Acid-nucleotide-phosphodiester |
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Definition
| A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes |
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Definition
| Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane |
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| A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals (in mammals, mainly macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells) |
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Definition
| The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane |
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| The chromosome containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
A complex of RNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus
Complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope.
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Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions
active in membrane synthesis synthetic and metabolic processes.
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Definition
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration
ATP is generated here
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Term
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Definition
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably non-cellulose carbohydrates
modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products.
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Definition
| The membrane enclosing the cell at the boundary of every cell acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition |
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Definition
| A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
| same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties |
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| A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer |
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Definition
| Typically a transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and often completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane and with hydrophilic regions in contact with the aqueous slution on either side of the membrane (or lining the channel in the case of a channel protein) |
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Definition
| any protein embedded in a cell membrane that touches the inside and outside of the cell |
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Definition
Interphase-G1 S G2
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase- Cytokinesis |
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Definition
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase
Cytokinesis
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telephase 2
Cytokinesis 2
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Term
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Definition
| A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate CO2, into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies of CO2 for the Calvin cycle |
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Definition
| A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaption for photosynthesis in arid conditions. In this process, carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is concerted to oragnic acids, which release CO2 for the Calvin cycle during the day, when stomata are closed |
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Definition
| Plant that uses three-carbon PGA as the first intermediate for carbon fixation. |
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Definition
| is composed of a protein complex called a reaaction-center coplex surrounded by several light- harvesting complexes |
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Definition
One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center.
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Definition
| One of two light capturing units in a chlorplasts thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecule of P 680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center. |
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| The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. |
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| By Product of Photosynthesis |
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Definition
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
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Term
| Where is chloroplast found? |
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Definition
| In the Thylakoid membrane |
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Definition
| process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
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Definition
| a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP |
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Definition
| second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
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Definition
| A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. |
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| the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| the total mass of an atom |
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Definition
| same number of protons but different number of neutron = a different atomic mass |
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| How do you find nuetrons? |
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Definition
| Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number |
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Definition
| Number of Protons = Atomic Number |
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| How do you find electrons? |
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| Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number |
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Definition
| a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
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Definition
| a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons |
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| A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code. |
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Definition
- A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)
- C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
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Definition
| messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |
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Definition
| An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid
is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms (with the exception of RNA viruses). |
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Term
| How is an anticodon formed? |
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Definition
It is a 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon
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Term
| Enzyme associated with DNA... |
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Definition
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Definition
| An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain |
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| Enzyeme associated with RNA |
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Definition
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Definition
| An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription |
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Definition
| The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. |
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What is a Punnett square?
and know how to do them... |
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Definition
[image]
a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
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