A support, usually exterior, for a wall, arch, or vault that opposes that lateral forces of these structures. A flying buttress consists of a strut or segment of an arch carrying the trust of a vault to a vertical pier positioned away from the main portion of the building. An important element in Gothic cathedrals

     Styles of painting, design and architecture developed from the fifth century CE in the Byzantine Empire of ancient eastern Europe. Characterized in architecture by round arches, large domes, art used mosaic characterized in formal design, frontal and stylize figures, use of rich color especially gold, lots of religious subject matter

     a dark room or box with a small hole in one side, through which an inverte image of the view outsie in projected onto the opposite wall, screen or mirror. Image is than traced

     a substitution or replacement process that involves pouring liquid material such as molten metal, clay, wax, or plaster into a mold. When the liquid hardens, the mold is removed and form in the shape of the mold is left

     Italian word meaning light dark. The graduations of light and dark values in 2D imagery, especially the illusion of rounded,  3D form created through gradations of light and shade rather than line. Highly developed by Renaissance painters

     two hues directly opposite one another on a color wheel which, when mixed together in proper proportions, produce a neutral gray. The true complement of a color can be seen in its afterimage

    an art form in which the originating idea and the process by which it presented take precedence over a tangible product. Conceptual works are sometimes produced in visual form, but they often exist only as descriptions of mental concepts or ideas. This trend developed in the late 1960s, partially as a way to avoid the commercialized of art

     Italian for counterpose. The counterposition of parts of the human figure about a central vertical axis, as when the weight is placed on one foot causing the hip and shoulder lines to counterbalance each other—often in a graceful S-curve

     colors whose relative visual temperatures make them seem cool. Cool colors generally include green, blue-green, blue-violet and violet. Warmness or coolness is relative to adjacent hues

    In printmaking, the total number of prints made and approved by the artist usually numbered consecutively. Also, a limited number of multiple originals of a single design in any medium

     In classic architecture, the slight swelling or bulge in the center of a column, which corrects the illusion of concave tapering produced by parallel straight lines

     An intaglio printmaking process in which a metal plate is first coated with acid-resistant wax, then scratched to expose the metal to the bite of nitric acid where lines are desired

     a painting technique in which pigments suspended in water are applied to a damp lime plaster surface. The pigments dry to become part of the plaster wall or surface. Sometimes called true fresco or buon fresco to distinguish it from painting over dry plaster

     any printmaking technique in which lines and areas to be inke and transferred to paper are recessed below the surface of the printing plate. Etching, engraving, dry point, and aquatint are all intaglio processes

     a Planographic printmaking technique based on the antipathy of oil and water. The image is drawn with a grease crayon or painted with tusche on a stone or grained aluminum plate. The surface is then chemically treated and dampened so that it will accept ink only where the crayon or tushe has been used

     A style that developed in the sixteen century as a reaction to the classical rationality and balanced harmony of the high Renaissance, characterized by dramatic use of space and light, exaggerated color, elongation of figures, and distortions of perspective, scale and proportion

     A nonrepresentational style of sculpture and painting, usually severely restricted in the use of visual elements and often consisting of simple geometric shapes or masses. The style came into prominence in 1960s

a composition made up of pictures or parts of pictures previously drawn, painted or photographed

     In motion pictures, the combining of separate bits of film to portray the character of a single event through multiple views

     An art medium in which small pieces of colored glass, stone, or ceramic tile called tessera are embedded in a background material such as plaster or mortar

     House of public prayer in the Muslim religion. From the Arabic masjid, place of prostration

     New classicism. A revival of classical Greek and Roman forms in art, music and literature, particularly during the 18^th and 19^th centuries in Europe and America. It was part of a reaction against the excesses of Baroque and Racoco art

     Not associated with an single hue. Black, whites, grays, and dull gray-browns. A neutral can be made by mixing complementary hues

     A style of painting and sculpture that developed in the late 1950s in Britain and the US, based on visual clichés, subject matter, and impersonal style of popular mass-media imagery

     those hues that cannot be produced by mixing other hues. Pigment primaries are red, yellow and blue. Light primaries are red, green and blue. Pigment primaries can be mixed together to form all other hues in the spectrum

     From French rocaille meaning rock work, late Baroque style used in interior decoration and painting. Characterized by playful, pretty, romantic and visually loose or soft. Used on a small scale and ornate decorations, pastel colors, asymmetrical arrangement of curves

     the size or apparent size of an object seen in relation to other objects, people, or its environment or format. Also used to refer to the quality or monumentality found in some objects regardless of their size. In architectural drawings, the ration of the measurements in the drawing to the measurements in the building

     the legal distance a building must be from property lines. Early seatback requirements often increased in hight, resulting in a step like recessions in the rise of tall buildings

     a characterize handling of media and elements of form which give a work its identity as the product of a particular person, group, art movement, period or culture

     trompe l’oeil

     in lithography, a waxy substance used to draw or paint images on a lithographic stone or plate

2D--having the dimensions of height and width only

3D--having the dimensions of height and width and depth

     The lightness or darkness of tones or colos. White is the lightest value: black is the darkest. The value halfway between thse extremes is called middle gray. Sometimes called tone

a prayer book intended for lay use in private or family devotions

highly decorative

      façade

the ingredient to make things last longer

thin varnish sprayed over a completed charcoal drawing to help bind the charcoal to the paper