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| The complete collection of an organisms genetic information is its |
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| Dna in each cell is divided up into units called |
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| Growth, Tissue repair, Replacement of old cells |
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| Duplicated chromosome, with two identical strands |
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| Pairs of chromosomes that are the same size and function |
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| The homoelogous chroms in your cells have come from? |
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| half from mom, half from dad |
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| How many Chromosomes in somatic cells in humans |
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| How many homologous pairs in humans |
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| Resting or growing phase of cell cycle |
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| Occurs in somatic cells and results in two identical daughter cells. Meiosis or Mitosis? |
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| Occurs in sex cells and results in 4 genetically different cells. Mitosis or Meiosis |
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| Yields diploid daughter cells have same # of chromosomes as diploid parent. Mitosis or Meiosis |
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| Yields haploid daughter cells having half # of chromosomes as diploid parent cell. Mitosis or Meiosis. |
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| ------- Cells are diploid meaning they have 2 sets of chromosomes |
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| Gamete Cells are ______ Meaning they have one set of chromosomes. |
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| Humans have _____ Chromosomes in gametes |
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| Phase of mitosis? Spindle fibers shorten and pull sister chromatids apart toward opposite ends of cell |
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| Phase of mitosis? Duplicated chromosomes condense. nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers are formed. |
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| Phase of mitosis? Chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, chromosomes unwind from condensed shape, nuclear envelopes form, cleavage furrow begins to form. |
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| Phase of mitosis? Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and line them up at the cells equator. |
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| During _____ the cell membrane is pinched together, creating two new independent cells. |
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| What is the correct order for mitois? |
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Definition
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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| Which meiosis phase? Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart. |
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| Which meiosis phase? Spindle fibers pull homologous pairs of chromosomes apart. |
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| Which meiosis phase? Spindle fibers move homologous pairs of chromosomes to the cells equator |
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| Which meiosis phase? Spindle fibers move individual chromosomes and line them up at the cells equator. |
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| Non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange reciprocal parts of themselves |
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| homologous pairs of chromosomes align at the cells equator randomly, with each side having a combination of maternal & paternal chromosomes. |
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| Crossing over increases genetic diversity of gametes by______while independent assortment increases genetic diversity of gametes by creating new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in cells. |
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Definition
| Recombining genetic material in chromosomes yielding new chromosomes |
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Term
| Cancer results from _____, forming a tumor. |
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Definition
| Unrestrained cell division |
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| Two causes of cancerous cells |
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Term
| who is called the father of genetics |
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| A _______ is a segment of dna located at a particular place on a chromosome which contains info for a certain characteristic. |
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| ______ are different forms of genes |
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| Allele is to gene as yellow is to _____ |
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| _____ allele will always be expressed when present while a ____ allele will be masked when a "stronger" allele is present |
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| _____ is a condition where an organism has different alleles of a gene. |
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| _____ is a condition where an individual has two recessive alleles of a gene |
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| ____ is an observable physical characteristic, while ____ is an actual genetic makeup |
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| Given that yellow flower color is dominant to blue, the phenotype for Yy would be ____ and the phenotype for yy would be _____ |
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| Given that tall plants are dominant to short, and yellow flowers are dominant to blue, the genotype for homozygous tall, blue flowere plant would be written _____ |
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| A ____ cross is done using individuals that differ in only one trait, while a ____ cross is done using individuals differing in two traits. |
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| Given that gray coat color is dominant to yeo in cat species, what are the possible gamete types for coat color produced by a heterozygous gray parent cat? |
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| What is the expected phenotypic ratio in th F@ generation from a monohybrid cross of homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent |
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| What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the f2 generation from a dihybrid cross of a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous reccesive parent. |
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| is the situation in which individuals heterozygous for a gene trait have phenotype between those of the homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive individuals |
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| is the situation in which both alleles of a gene are fully phenotypically expressed in heterozygous individuals |
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| is the situation in which interactions of two or more genes determine phenotype |
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| Give an example of a human trait controlled by polygenic inheritance |
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| Genes that cause ____ are carried on the X chromosome |
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| A person must inherit two recessive Alleles to exhibit this type of disorder |
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Definition
| Autosomal Recessive disorder |
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Term
| Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder if both parents have sickle cell what percentage of their children will have it? |
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Term
| Does not suffer from disease but caries an allele for it that can be passed off to offspring |
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| A person who inherits only one faulty allele still exhibits this type of disorder |
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| autosomal dominant disorder |
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Term
| a condition in which the individual has more or fewer chromosomes then normal |
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| An inversion is a type of structural aberration in which |
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Definition
| a broken piece rejoins the original chromosome in an inverted position |
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| The order of _____ in dna specifies the protein to be produced |
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| In the spiral staircase of DNA the _____ make up the rungs |
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| In complementary base pairing of two strands of DNA _____ & _____ bases pair with each other |
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| _____ is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto messenger RNA |
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| _____ is the process by which information is encoded in MRNA is used to make an amino acid polypeptide chain |
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Term
| In RNA, the thymine base is replaced by what |
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| In MRNA a group of 3 bases that codes for one amino acid is called |
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| Transfer RNA has a ______ on one end which is a set of 3 bases complimentary to an mRNA codon |
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| During Translation, Transfer RNA |
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Definition
| Brings the necessary amino acids to the ribosomes |
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Term
| In translation, incoming RNA |
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Definition
| Bind to ribosome at A site, move to P site where amino acid is transferred to polypeptide chain, move to E site and exit |
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Term
| ____ occurs in the nucleus ____occurs at a ribosome |
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Definition
| Transcription, Translation |
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| ____mutations occur due to a change in a single DNA nucleotide yielding an altered codon, while ____ mutations occur due to insertion or deletion of a nucleotide yielding complete shift in codons |
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| ____ mutations can be passed from one generation to the next |
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| The application of technology to natural biological process is called |
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| The splicing of DNA from one species to another |
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| Name 3 examples of transgenic organisms |
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Definition
1. Bacteria modified to produce insulin
2. Plants modified to produce their own pesticides
3. Plants modified to have resistance to herbicides |
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Term
| _____ is the process used to quickly produce many copies of a specific segment of DNA |
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Definition
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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Term
| DNA fingerprinting is used to match individuals by |
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Definition
| examining 13 areas of the human genome containing short, repeating sequences |
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Term
| _____ Cloning produces individuals identical to the original, while _____ cloning produces cells or tissues used to treat human illnesses |
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