The Allegory of Painting

by Jan Vermeer

Variety of media are depicted:  book, trumpet, tapestry, chalk lines, chandelier, map, mask

Mimis and kangaroo

Rock art, Austrailia

dates back 40,000 - 6000 BCE

Stick like figures represent ancestral spirits, or mimis

Drawing records knowledge of the artist

The Alba Madonna

by Raphael

Circular, he takes da Vinci's advice, sketch quickly and loosely, rough out the limbs

he sketched it out first

oil painting

Self-Portrait

Kathe Kollwitz

Charcoal, burnt wood, especially vines

expressive lines

Untitled (Ocean)

Venice, CA

by Vija Celmins

graphite, photo realism

soft form of carbon, similar to coal

After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself

by Edgar Degas

Pastel, chalk medium, with colored pigment

sketch line marks, he used pastels proficiently and inventive

Prophet

by Emile NOLDE

relief - image to be printed is raised off the background in reverse, rubber stamps, press into ink pad and then paper

Adam and Eve

by Albrecht Durer

iconographical meaning

Intaglio process - area to be printed are below the surface, strippling, dots are used in greater and greater density

elk - black bile, melancholy

cat - yellow bile, anger and cruelty

rabbit - blood, sensuality

ox - phlegm, lazziness, sluggish

Marilyn Monroe

by Andy Warhol

Silkscreen printing

depicted her in garish, conflicting colors

she is an image, she died of suicide, like an endangered species, her identity has been stripped

Campbell soup - commodity (compared to Marilyn)

a woman shot Warhol

Lamentation

by Giotto

Gold Halos - early Renaissance, early Christian Art

Trying to figure out how to give figures volume, to be more realistic

*Giotto also worked on the relief on Florence Cathedral

Madonna and Child Enthroned

by Giotto

Realism

The Libyan Sibyle

by Michelangelo

Turning from pagan past towards christianity.

Closing the book to her past.

shows movement

CONTRAPPOSTO

Distortion of Human Figure

Greeks used

Primavera

by Botticelli

Tempera, drappery and transparency

30 coats of paint on gowns/material and you can still see the figures underneath

Braids (Helga)

by Andrew Wyeth

Oil Painting

Realism

A Wall, Nassau

by

Winslow Homer

Water color (Most expressive)

Divider wall, black shards of glass,

Intrusion of privacy by tourists

The people don't want them there

Sail boat - freedom

The Dove

by

Romare Bearden

Collage Artist

black experience, peace and harmony

paste/glue fragments of printed matter, fabric, usually on a flat surface

Monogram

by Robert Rauschenberg

Combine - painting

high relief collages

bringing together diverse objects

to coexhist

Angora Goat

Horse in Motion, Cantering, Saddled

Edward Muybridge

PHOTOGRAPHY

Bet to see if horse is entirely free of the ground.

Le Boulevard du Temple - 1839

by

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

PHOTOGRAPH

Maria Edgeworth, 1841

by

Richard Beard

Harvest of Death

by

Timothy O'Sullivan

PA 1863

Athens, The Decisive Moment 1953

by

Henri Cartier-Bresson

The White Chapel of Senusret I

Relief sculpture, figure types, Egyptians

Figures are not depicted correctly, everyone is made the same, broad shoulders and pinched waist, carved in limestone, relief sculpture is meant to be seen from one side only, frontal

*The Rape of the Sabine Women

by

Giovanni da Bologna

CARVED MARBLE, SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS

It was an abduction, not a rape

Slave (Atlas)

by

Michelangelo

He wasn't able to finish and transform, he gave up and left it unfinished.

*King Menkoure and His Queen

Stone lasts forever, they were concerned with afterlife

KA - individual spirits

Criteria for Egyptian art:

broad shoulders

pinched waists

rigid stance

Kourous (Kritios Boy)

Marble

Greeks are more detailed, muscles, hair, eyes, abs.

**Body movement.  Ideal proportions to human.**

Figure was very important to Greeks

Hermes & Dionysos

by

PRAXITELES

Counterbalance - contrapposto

Greatest Greek sculpture of all time.  Zeus had an affair and asked Hermes to take baby to nimphs in the mountains to be raised.

Tomb of the Emperor

by

Shih Huang

Accidental discovery

ceramic

Chinese were first to perfect porcelin

*Lost Wax Casting Process

perfected by the Greeks

sculpture is modeled (clay, wax) -core

mold is made (left with negative or original, gelatin mold) inside in filled with plaster, mold is removed and you are left wtih wax casting

molten bronze is poured and cooled and mold is removed

you are left with bronze replica of wax form

*Contingent

by

Eva Hesse

Assemblage art - individual objects brought together to for a larger one

fiberglass and latex

*A Frontal Passage

by

James Turrell

Light Artist

Deep Red Glow, dense haze like atmosphere, experience installation, state of hyper self consciousness

*Spiral Jetty

by

Robert Smithson

Earthwork Artist (Public Art)

Utah Dead Sea, earthwork, salt crystals, red water, agale, black rock, man made.

spiral - snails, whirl pools naturally appear in nature.

*To Raise the Water Level in a Fish Pond

by

Zhang Huan

8-15-97

Performance Art

Immigrant workers who lost jobs to moderinization - protest

to show the power of collective action

Apotheeosis of Homer Vase, 1796

Blue Jasperware

 ornamental ware - considered art

by Josiah Wedgwood

slip:  clay mixed with water, poor runny clay in mold and then fire that

ornamnetal ware (considered art)

Wedgewood Queen's Ware kitchenware

mass production

everyone can afford and available to the middle class

more functional

"useful ware" - for the table

Fine Art

Craft Art

fine art - nonfunctional

craft art - functional

Tea Bowl Named Amaguno

by Koetsu

clay is rolled out in slab

CERAMIC

three types of construction

coiling - native american's used this process, clay is rolled out in long, rope-like strands, stacked on each other

slab - clay is rolled out flat and then shaped wtih hands (Tea Bowl)

wheel-throwing

*The Dinner Party

 by

Judy Chicago

very controversial artist, for females to be recognized equally for their art

over 300 women worked on this

triangle - symbol of female power, celebration of women

Problems:  she couldn't find history of famous women and Congress

*Rotunda

by

Dale Chihuly (still living today)

glass - chandelier

shapes were organic - found in nature

inspired by mother's flowers and the sea

*Tar Beach (Quilt)

by

Faith Ringgold

Rooftopin NY, hot summer time the parents would play cards on the roof, Cassie, is sleeping on blanket and dreaming as she flies over the Washington Bridge, wants mom to have icecream everyday

*3D sculpture is built on

Armiture wire

*warp - vertical threads, held taught on loom itself

weft - threads that are woven over and under, horizontal

Corner of the First Temple of Hera

Paestum, Italy

Architecture

greek architecture (mathematic approach)

columns are fluted (length of column), grooved area

*three types of column

Doric - masculine, plain

ionic - feminine, more decorative, slimmer

corinthian - acanthus leaves, very decorative

*Arch - changed the way architecture could be done

perfected by Greeks

arch enables you to make structures with a larger span

single arch

barrel vault (tunnel)

groined vault

*The Colosseum

Rome

 architectural wonder

Gladiator games, sports, fights to the death between humans and animals

could hold a lot of people

amphitheater - means double theater

two semicircular theaters are brought face to face

*Pantheon (every God)

Rome

known for dome with open air (oculus-eye of Jupiter) open to heavens, worshippers could make contact to heaven

poured concrete

Romans were first to perfect the dome

20 feet thick thins to 6 ft at circular opening

carved niches

Eiffel Tower

by Gustave Eiffel

built for Paris Expo of 1889

symbol of Paris

1000 feet hight, skeletal beams, so wind could pass through, used cast iron, no load bearing walls

not well received at first

(add carbon to iron - very strong medal that can span massive areas)

Falling Water

by

Frank Lloyd Wright

America's most famous architect

built homes that fit into environment

in Pennsylvania in 1936

still standing, problems with drooping

Turning Torso Residential Tower

by

by Santiago Calatrava in Sweeden

Guggenheim Museum (Spain)

by

Frank Gehry

*Burlington Zephyr

Burlington Northern Company

streamlining - machines could move faster

STREAMLINER ERA

Wall painting with three horses facing one another

Chauvet, France

30,000 BCE

Rock wall painting

EARLIEST ART

*Venus of Willendorf

Lower Austria

c 25,000 - 20,000 BCE

carved l+imestone

female form, no facial features, fertility is purpose of exaggerated breasts and belly area, statue,

Stonehenge

England

circular, gathering

rocks are called megaliths

orientation towards the rising sun at the summer solstice indicates a connection to planting and harvest

major cooperation among people working on this

She-Wolf

c 500 BCE

Rome

bronze

Fierce protectiveness, power of motherhood

Porcelin

Earthware

Stoneware

Santa Costanza, Rome

 Church

c. 354 CE

emphasis on spiritual, spread of christianity, softened corners, greek cross

Constantine legalized christianity in 313CE

the light was prevalent because of the mystery of the heavenly light of heaven

 Theodora and Her Attendants,

San Vitale, Italy, c.546-47

Mosaic

Characteristics of early christian art:  gold halos, large wide eyes, flat-no volume

Theodora, wife of Justinian (his most trusted advisor)

12 advisors like the 12 apostles

3 maji bearing gifts to the Virgin and newborn Christ

Chartes Cathedral, 1145-1220

Paris, France

Gothic art style:  light and lacey (left side)

Romanesque style: darker (right side)

Rose Window

Florence Cathedral

Some releif done by Giotto

Color scheme:  red clay because they were so proud of their blue sky

Exterior is Romanesque

Interior is Gothic