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Final Exam Review
AP English III
65
English
11th Grade
12/15/2011

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Term
Assonance
Definition
The repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.
Term
Epistrophe
Definition
Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses.
Term
Epanalepsis
Definition
Repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause.
Term
Polyptoton
Definition
Repetition of words derived from the same root.
Term
Anaphora
Definition
The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive clauses.
Term
Antimetabole
Definition
Repetition of words,in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order.
Term
Anadiplosis
Definition
Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of following clause.
Term
Anastrophe
Definition
Inversion of the natural or usual word order.
Term
Parallelism
Definition
Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related word, phrases, or clauses.
Term
Antithesis
Definition
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often used in parallel structure.
Term
Parenthesis
Definition
Insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentences.
Term
Climax
Definition
Arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance.
Term
Apposition
Definition
Placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first.
Term
Isocolon
Definition
A scheme of parallel structure which occurs when the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length.
Term
Brachylogia
Definition
A subcategory of asyndeton used in the Tudor period. Brachylogia omits conjunctions between single words or phrases.
Term
Asyndeton
Definition
Deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses.
Term
Alliteration
Definition
Repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words.
Term
Polysyndeton
Definition
Deliberate use of many conjunctions.
Term
Ellipsis
Definition
Deliberate omission of a word or words which are readily implied by the content.
Term
Chiasmus
Definition
Reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses.
Term
Candid
Definition
honest; impartial
Term
Enthusiastic
Definition
full of or characterized by enthusiasm
Term
Colloquial
Definition
characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal
Term
Condemnatory
Definition
serving to condemn
Term
Outraged
Definition
anything that strongly offends, insults, or affronts the feelings
Term
Hysterical
Definition
uncontrollably emotional
Term
Consoling
Definition
to alleviate or lessen the grief, sorrow, or disappointment of; give solace or comfort
Term
Supportive
Definition
providing sympathy or encouragement
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
characterized by, proceeding from, exhibiting, or feeling sympathy; sympathizing
Term
Sneering
Definition
to speak or write in a manner expressive of derision or scorn
Term
Condescending
Definition
showing or implying a usually patronizing descent from dignity or superiority
Term
Judgmental
Definition
involving the use or exercise of judgment
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
obvious and intentional exaggeration
Term
Rhetorical Question
Definition
a question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply
Term
Declarative
Definition
A declarative sentence makes a statement. A declarative sentence ends with a period.
Term
Interrogative
Definition
An interrogative sentence asks a question. An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark.
Term
Imperative
Definition
An imperative sentence gives a command.
Term
Exclamatory
Definition
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark.
Term
Simple
Definition
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
Term
Compound
Definition
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
Term
Complex
Definition
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses.
Term
Compound-Complex
Definition
A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Term
Periodic
Definition
Lead in+ Lead in+ Lead in+.....+ Sentence.
Term
Cumulative
Definition
Sentence+ Lead out+ Lead out+....
Term
Dependent
Definition
Cannot stand alone in sentence.
Term
Independent
Definition
Can stand alone in a sentence.
Term
Imagery
Definition
The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas.
Term
Tone
Definition
How author makes reader feel when read.
Term
Structure
Definition
Way in which parts are arranged in an author's piece.
Term
Syntax
Definition
The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.
Term
Diction
Definition
Choice and use of words in speech or writing.
Term
Analysis vs. Summary
Definition
Summary does not go beneath the
surface; analysis does. Summary can be an analytical tool, when used to support a point within your analysis. Analysis goes beyond description into examination and explanation.
Term
Underlining vs. Quotation Marks
Definition
Underline

* A novel
* A ship
* A play
* A film
* A painting
* A sculpture or statue
* A drawing
* A CD
* A TV Series
* A cartoon series
* An encyclopedia
* A magazine
* A newspaper
* A pamphlet

Quotation Marks

* Poem
* Short story
* A skit
* A commercial
* An individual episode in a TV series
* A cartoon episode
* A chapter
* An article
* A newspaper story
Term
Steps in Analysis
Definition
1. Summarize the article that you have read. Provide some details on what the background is and give some information on why it was selected for the purpose of analysis.
2. Introduce your arguments and claims on the issues provided by the reference article. Give your opinions to the readers and assert a solid argument about it.
3. Start analyzing, this is the main goal of an analysis essay. Present your own assumptions and your take on the issues presented by the article. Give explanations as to why you think the way you analyze the essay. Give proofs and evidences for your arguments and claims.
4. You may also include some analysis on the other side of the argument to make the discussions balanced.
Term
Grammar
Definition
Use concrete rather than vague language.
Use active voice whenever possible. Active voice means the subject is performing the verb.
Avoid overusing there is, there are, it is, it was, and so on.
To avoid confusion, don't use two negatives to make a positive.
Use similar grammatical form when offering several ideas. This is called parallel construction.
If you start a sentence with an action, place the actor immediately after or you will have created the infamous dangling modifier.
Place modifiers near the words they modify.
A sentence fragment occurs when you have only a phrase or weak clause but are missing a strong clause.
Term
Figurative Language
Definition
The use of words, phrases, symbols, and ideas in such as way as to evoke mental images and sense impressions.
Term
Defend
Definition
Support claim
Term
Qualify
Definition
To agree and prove with
Term
Capitalization
Definition
First letter is capitalized at beginning of every sentence. Names and other important features also capitalized.
Term
Claim
Definition
States your position on the issue
Term
Rhetorical Triangle
Definition
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
Term
Punctuation
Definition
If the last word in the sentence ends in a period, do not follow it with another period.
Term
Evidence
Definition
Information in which you support your claim with
Term
Warrant
Definition
Shows how information supports claim
Term
Refute
Definition
To prove false
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