Rhetorical Devices

Anadiplosis

repetition of the final words of a sentence or line at the beginning of the next.

Rhetorical Devices

 Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

Rhetorical Devices  

Antimetabole

the repetition of words in successive clauses

Rhetorical Devices    

Antithesis

1. A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
2. A contrast or opposition between two things.

Rhetorical Devices    

Apposition

Rhetorical Devices    

Asyndeton

The omission of conjunctions from constructions in which they would normally be used, as in "Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,/Shrunk to this little measure?" (Shakespeare).

Rhetorical Devices    

Chiasmus

A rhetorical inversion of the second of two parallel structures, as in "Each throat/Was parched, and glazed each eye" (Samuel Taylor Coleridge).

Rhetorical Devices

Climax

The point of greatest intensity or force in an ascending series or progression; a culmination.

Rhetorical Devices      

 Ellipsis

The omission of a word or phrase necessary for a complete syntactical construction but not necessary for understanding

Rhetorical Devices   

Epanalepsis

Repetition at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase with which it began

Rhetorical Devices  

Epistrophe

repetition of a word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect (as Lincoln's “of the people, by the people, for the people”)

Rhetorical Devices   

Hyperbole

Obvious and intentional exaggeration. 

An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally

Rhetorical Devices   

Isocolon

A succession of main clauses of approximately equal length and corresponding structure.

Rhetorical Devices  

Parallelism

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

Rhetorical Devices  

Parenthesis

an amplifying or explanatory word, phrase, or sentence inserted in a passage from which it is usually set off by punctuation

 Rhetorical Devices 

Polyptoton

Repetition of words derived from the same root but with different endings.

Rhetorical Devices  

Polysyndeton

using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in `he ran and jumped and laughed for joy').

Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical Question

a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered.

Tone Vocabulary

Candid

frank, honest

Tone Vocabulary  

Enthusiastic

Having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval

Tone Vocabulary

 Colloqiual

conversational

Tone Vocabulary  

Condemnatory

containing or imposing condemnation or censure; "a condemnatory decree".

Tone Vocabulary

Outraged

Arouse fierce anger, shock, or indignation in (someone): "he was outraged at this attempt to take his victory away from him."

Tone Vocabulary

Hysterical

Deriving from or affected by uncontrolled extreme emotion: "hysterical laughter".

Tone Vocabulary

Consoling

To allay the sorrow or grief of. Synonym for comforting

Tone Vocabulary

Supportive

Providing encouragement or emotional help.

Tone Vocabulary

Sympathetic

1. Feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy.
2. Showing approval of or favor toward an idea or action: "he was sympathetic to evolutionary ideas".

Tone Vocabulary

Sneering

A contemptuous facial expression, sound, or statement.

Tone Vocabulary

Condescending

patronizing; dealing with other in a proud or haughty way, as if lowering yourself to meet them on their level

Tone Vocabulary

Judgemental

Syntax

Constructs

Made up of functional, grammatical, and rhetorical syntax

Syntax

Functional

Declarative: sentences that form a statement

Interrogative: sentences that form a question

Imperative: sentences that make a command or request

Exclamatory: sentences that attempt to powerful feelings, or emotions

Syntax

Grammatical

Simple: also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought

Compound: contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Complex: has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses

Compound-Complex: made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Syntax

Rhetorical

Periodic: A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax.

Cumulative: An independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea.

Syntax

Clauses

Dependent: A group of words that has both a subject and a verb but (unlike anindependent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. Also known as a subordinate clause.

Independent: A group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. An independent clause (unlike adependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence.

Analysis

Analysis vs. Summary

Analysis: examination, evaluation, dissection, interpretation, original opinion, reading between the lines, connecting to other knowledge.

Summary: recapitulation, review, retelling a story or scene without original thoughts or interpretations.

Analysis

Steps in analysis

Step 1: Find three literary tools the author utilizes in the story to examine. You will want to examine the three most often used or the three that have the most evidence.

Step 2: Now that you have figured out which three literary tools or elements the author uses and that you will examine in your paper, take each tool and find at least three examples of the author’s use of the tool in the story (note the page number when you find the use).

Step 3: Write an outline using those tools and the examples

Step 4: Write a thesis statement for your paper—based on the evidence that relates to your topic—and what you anticipate you might say about those pieces of evidence—come up with a working thesis. Use the example below to plug in your own words:

Step 5: Write the introduction paragraph using the format below to plug in elements of your story:

Step 6: Write your body paragraphs following your outline and remembering to use the instructions on How to Write the Perfect 8 Sentence Paragraph.

Step 7: Write the concluding paragraph—remember to restate your thesis in this paragraph and then sum up the evidence that you used in your paper. Do not introduce any new ideas at this point. End with a profound statement.

Step 8: Revise―Read and revise for accuracy. Ensure you have supported your thesis statement.

Step 9: Edit―Check and edit your paper for spelling and grammatical errors.

Analysis

Rhetorical Choices

Diction:The selection of words in a literary work. A work's diction forms one of its centrally important literary elements, as writers use words to convey action, reveal character, imply attitudes, identify themes, and suggest values.

Syntax:The grammatical order of words in a sentence or line of verse or dialogue. The organization of words and phrases and clauses in sentences of prose, verse, and dialogue.

Imagery:The pattern of related comparative aspects of language, particularly of images, in a literary work.

Figurative Language: A form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words.

Structure: The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.

Tone: The implied attitude of a writer toward the subject and characters of a work.

Argumentation

Defend, Refute, Qualify

Defend: Speak or write in favor of (an action or person); attempt to justify

Refute: Prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove

Qualify: To declare competent or capable; certify

Argumentation

Argument Terminology:

Claim: Author’s claim is honorable presentation of an author that he makes in his writing – to some person or his memory, group of people, establishment or even abstract idea

Evidence: Examples from the peice (direct quotes ect.)

Warrant: How the author supports the evidence from the peice in their writing

Argumentation

Rhetorical Triangle

Pathos: Emotional Appeals (belief in fairnes, love, pit)

Logos: Rational Appeals (facts, case studies, statistics, experiments, logical reasoning, analogie, anecdotes, authority voices)

Ethos: Ethical Appeals (trustworthiness, credibility, reliablity, expert testimony, reliable, sources, fairness)

Conventions

Underlining vs. Quotation marks

Underlining: Use Underlining: titles of complete or major works such as magazines, books, newspapers, academic journals, films, television programs, long poems

Quotation marks: Use quotation marks: direct quotations, around titles of short stories, around titles of poems, around titles of articles, around titles of chapters

Conventions

Capitalization, grammar, punctuation

Capitalization: Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Capitalize a proper noun. Words are capitalized if they are unique persons, places, or things, or if, in a title, they are important.

Grammar: the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax.

Punctuation:the practice or system of using certain conventional marks or characters in writing or printing in order to separate elements and make the meaning clear, as in ending a sentence or separating clauses.