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| Extent to which a person carefully thinks about issue-relevant arguments in persuasive communication |
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| Involves scrutiny of message content |
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| Mental shortcut process that accepts or rejects a message based on irrelevant cues as apposed to actively thinking about the issue |
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Reciprocation
Consistency
Social proof
Liking
Authority
Scarcity |
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| 6 cues for peripheral processing |
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| Top-down thinking in which predetermined conclusions color the supporting data |
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| Bottom-up thinking in which facts are scrutinized without bias; seeking truth wherever it might lead |
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| Randy Hirokawa and Dennis Gouran |
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| Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making |
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Analysis of the problem
Goal setting
Identification of alternatives
Evaluation of setting
Identification of alternatives
Evaluation of negative and positive characteristics |
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| Symbolic convergence theory |
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| Symbolic convergence theory |
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| Two or more private symbol worlds incline toward each other, come more closely, together or even overlap; group closiveness |
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| imaginative language by a group member describing past, future or outside events; creative interpretation |
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| Characters, plot, lines, scene, sanctioning agent |
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| composite drama that catches up large groups of people into a common symbolic reality |
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| content of the fantasy that has chained out within a group |
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| symbolic explosion of lively agreement within a group in response to a member's dramatizing message |
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| Symbols, mythology, short cut arguments |
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Invention
Arrangement
Style
Memory
Delivery |
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| One who holds a piece of something; i.e. tax payers in Winona hold a piece of the property of Winona, MN |
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| Immerse yourself in a culture to understand another person's culture; walk in someone else's moccasins |
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| Record of the intertwined layers of common meaning that underlie what a particular people say and do (i.e. what the janitor would say about a compnay) |
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Ancient Greece: traveling speech teacher
Modern day: people who persuade others |
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Act: Act illustrates what was done.
Scene: Description of the scene gives context for where and when the act was performed.
Agent: Person or people who performed the act.
Agency: Means the agent used to do the deed ="get the job done"
Purpose: Speaker's purpose is stated or implied goal of the address. |
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| Scapegoating; the process of naming an external enemy as the source of all personal or public ills. |
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Recognized common ground between speaker and audience (physical characteristics, talents, occupations, experiences, personality, beliefs, attitudes).
**Without it, there is no persuasion** |
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Ancient Greece: traveling speech teacher
Modern day: people who persuade others |
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Term
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Definition
Act: Act illustrates what was done.
Scene: Description of the scene gives context for where and when the act was performed.
Agent: Person or people who performed the act.
Agency: Means the agent used to do the deed ="get the job done"
Purpose: Speaker's purpose is stated or implied goal of the address. |
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| Scapegoating; the process of naming an external enemy as the source of all personal or public ills. |
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Recognized common ground between speaker and audience (physical characteristics, talents, occupations, experiences, personality, beliefs, attitudes).
**Without it, there is no persuasion** |
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| philosophical tradition centered on the linking of practice and theory. It describes a process where theory is extracted from practice, and applied back to practice to form what is called intelligent practice |
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Communicate through story telling. Theory by Walter Fisher.
Story telling is part of human nature.
Paradigm means a shift from one thing to another. |
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| Makes a store good. It has a strong and clean introduction, some sort of body and conclusion and overall, it has coherence (story makes sense). |
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| What are the two phrases McLuhan emphasizes? |
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| Medium is the message and global village. |
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| What is the concept of "the medium is the message?" |
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| We are accustomed thinking of the message as separate from the medium itself. The medium delivers the message. Instead of thinking of the two as separate, they are one in the same. Do not be mislead by the illusion of content. (like a burglar carry meat to distract watchdog) |
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| What did the phonetic alphabet inspire? |
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| It established "seeing it in writing" as the organizing principle in life. Literate people say, "I don't follow you" as meaning, "I don't think you are logical." The invention of the alphabet fostered the sudden emergence of mathematics, science, and philosophy in ancient Greece. When oppressed people learned to read, they became independent thinkers. |
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| What is the next age going to be? |
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| The Digital Age. (Wholly electronic) |
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| The study of the social production of meaning from sign systems; the analysis of anything that can stand for something else. |
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| What are the three "S's" of Semiotics? |
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Sign: Inseparable combination of the signifier and signified. (NFL wearing pink for breast cancer)
Signifier: The physical form of the sign as we perceive it through our senses; an image. (NFL wearing Pink shoes, gloves, jerseys, etc)
Signified: The meaning we associate with the sign. (Breast cancer awareness) |
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The subtle sway of society's haves over its have-nots.
-->The way it's been done. |
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| The process of speaking out on oppression and linking that subjugation with media representations; the work of cultural studies. |
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| Uses and Gratifications a.k.a. Electronic Cocaine Chapter |
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Theory attempts to make sense of the fact that people consume a dazzling array of media messages for all sorts of reasons, and that the effect of a given message is unlikely to be the same for everyone. The driving mechanism of the theory is need gratification.
We pursue media to take care of our needs, creating fake relationships for example. Social media is used as an escape and is used habitually. |
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Suggests that if you watch and listen and believe what you watch on TV, you are cultivated and see things a certain way.
-Heavy viewership of tV
-Heavy viewers see violence |
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| What is blurring, bending, and blending? |
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Also known as "mainstreaming." Process by which heavy TV viewers from disparate groups develop a common outlook through constant exposure to the same images and labels.
Television homogenizes its audience so that those with heavy viewing habits share the same orientations, perspectives, and meanings with each other. |
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| Executives determine what's going to be shown on TV today. Determine what gets shown as more important or interesting. Doesn't tell you how to think of it, but puts in sequential thinking pattern what to think about first, second, or third. |
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| What does Deetz's theory (Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations) emphasize? |
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| Strategy by which you adapt your communication behavior in such a way as to become more similar to another person. |
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| Strategy of accentuating the differences between you and another person. |
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Facework: specific verbal and non-verbal messages that help to maintain and restore face loss, and to uphold and honor face gain
Face maintenance is the crucial intervening variable that ties culture to people's ways of handling conflict. |
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| Wherein people identify with a larger group that is responsible for providing care in exchange for group loyalty; we-identity; a high-context culture |
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| Wherein people look out for themselves and their immediate families; I-identity; a low-context culture. |
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| Self-image; the degree to which people conceive of themselves as relatively autonomous from, or connected to, others. |
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| A historically enacted, socially constructed system of terms, meanings, premises, and rules pertaining to communicative conduct. |
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| The typical conversational style of women, which seeks to establish connection with others. |
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| The typical monologic style of men, which seeks to command attention, convey information, and win arguments. |
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| A woman's way of interrupting in which it is a supportive interruption often meant to show agreement and solidarity with the speaker. |
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| A subjective standard ascribing validity to an idea when it resonates with one's personal experience. |
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| A place from which to critically view the world around us. |
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| People belonging to lower-power groups who must change their language when communicating publicly, thus, their ideas are often overlooked; e.g., women. |
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| Text that articulate multiple aspects of cultural life, often marking rites of passage or life transitions |
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| John Dewey's reflective thinking process |
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1. Recognize symptoms of illness.
2. Diagnose the cause of the ailment.
3. Establish criteria for wellness.
4. Consider possible remedies.
5. Test to determine which solutions will work.
6. Implement or prescribe the best solution. |
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