Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Exam Drug List
N/A
278
Pharmacology
Graduate
12/06/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)
Definition
  • Treats osteoporosis, ED, and obesity 
  • Decreases osteoclast activity
  • Increases osteoblast activity
  • Inhibits cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
Term
Zidovudine (Retrovir)
Definition
  • Treats HIV/AIDS
  • Decreases transmission of HIV to unborn child of affected mother
  • Nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
  • SE: Anemia, neutropenia (low wbc count), hepatotoxicity, cardio/myopathy
Term
Vigabatrin (Sabril)
Definition
  • Oral antiepileptic drug
  • Used if 1st line drugs do not work
  • Prevents the breakdown of GABA in the brain; calms nerve activity
  • SE: vision loss, headache, fatigue, dizziness
Term
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Definition

Mech: Opens disulfide linkages in mucus, making it less viscous

Treatment for acute and chronic pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis

 

Also the antidote for tylenol

SE: Bronchospasm

Term
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Definition

Mech: a bisphosphonate, selective inhibitor of demineralization resorption

Used in treatment of osteoporosis

 

SE: nausea, conjunctivitis, Gi ulceration (may be made worse if taken with aspirin)

Term
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Definition

-Treats gout

-Xanthine oxidase inhibitor, thereby inhibiting uric acid production

 

SE: rash

Term
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Definition
  • Antidepressant
  • SNRI
  • Do not use with MAOI
Term
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Definition

A benzodiazepine, increases the action of GABA

Used to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder and insomnia

 

SE: potential for abuse/dependence

Term
Vardenafil (Levitra)
Definition
  • Treats ED
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
  • Increases blood flow
Term
Amantidine (Symmetrel)
Definition

Treats Parkinsons as well as Influenza A (off label)

-increases dopamine release and decreases dopamine reuptake, an NMDA antagonist

Term
Vancomycin (Vancomycin)
Definition
  • Antibiotic
  • Treats colitis
  • SE: tinnitus, hearing loss, flu-like symptoms, nausea
Term
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Definition

Anti-arrhythmic agent, a potassium channel blocker (Class III)

-Treats chronic or acute cardiac arrhythmia

 

SE: Whorl like corneal deposits, lens deposits, lung disease, discoloration of the skin, 

Term
Valproate (Depacon)
Definition
  • Treats bipolar disorder/mania
  • Histone deacetylase inhibitor
  • SE: fetal toxicity (teratotoxicity), suicide
Term
Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
Definition
  • Anti-viral
  • Treats herpes simplex/zoster
  • Prophylaxis for immunocompromised pts
  • PROdrug; DNA polymerase inhibitor
  • SE: nausea/vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea
Term
Amitryptyline (Elavil)
Definition

A TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressant)

-treat depression and/or mood disorders

 

SE: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, weight gain, increase in suicidal thoughts. 

 

Should not be taken with MAOIs

Term
Tropicamide
Definition
  • Anticholinergic
  • Ophthalmic solution: quick-acting mydriasis
  • SE: stinging, increase in IOP, blurred vision
Term
Amobarbitol (Amytal)
Definition

A Short acting barbituate

Short term relief of insomnia, anti-anxiety

 

SE: Addiction

Term
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Definition

Antibiotic

-Inhibits cross-linkage of peptidoglycan, inhibiting cell wall synthesis and growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 

 

SE: Allergic reaction, diarrhea, nephritis, neurotoxicity, hematologic toxicity, cation toxicity

Term
Trifluridine (Viroptic)
Definition
  • Anti-viral
  • Inhibits DNA synthesis
  • Ophthalmic solution: treats herpes keratitis
  • SE: blurry vision, ocular irritiation, redness, swelling
Term
Amphotericin (Abelcet)
Definition

Anti-fungal-systemic/subcutaneous

Disrupts ergosterol, forming pores in cell walls causing death. 

 

SE: fever, chills, kidney failure, anemia

SE can be lessened with anti-histamine

 

Should not be taken with ketoconazole

Term
Triazolam (Halicion)
Definition

-a short acting benzodiazepine (GABA agonist)

-treats insomnia

 

SE:

Term
Triamcinolone (Kenalog)
Definition
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Synthetic glucocorticoid
  • Treats ocular inflammatory conditions (uveitis)
  • SE: flu-like symptoms, itchy rash, dizziness
Term
Ampicillin (Principen)
Definition

Antibiotic

-inhibits transpeptidases and thus cell wall synthesis

 

SE: allergic reactions, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hematologic and cation toxicity

Term
Apomorphine (Apokyn)
Definition

An injectable dopamine agonist

-used to treat Parkinsons

-also a potent emetic

Term
Trazodone (Desyrel)
Definition

Antidepressant

-SSRI

-also has anxiolytic and hypnotic effects

-SE: dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia, sexual dysfunction

-less SE than TCAs

 

 

Term
Apraclonidine (Iopidine)
Definition

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist

Glaucoma Med

-may be used in diagnosis of Horner's syndrome

-short term use only

Term
Tramadol (Ultram)
Definition
  • Centrally-acting analgesic
  • Treats moderate pain
  • SE: hallucinations, agitation, increased heart rate, seizure, nausea, fainting
Term
Artemisinin (Qinghaosu)
Definition

Anti-malarial

-Acts against the blood form, for resistant strains

 

SE: can cause hemolytic anemia in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Term
Tobramycin (Tobrex)
Definition
  • Anti-biotic-aminoglycoside
  • Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
  • Destabilizes bacterial membrane
  • Treats pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections
  • SE: tinnitus, dizziness, difficulty breathing, muscle weakness, rash
Term
Atropine (Atropen)
Definition

Cholinergic Antagonist

-Causes mydriasis

Term
Augmentin
Definition

Bacteriocidal-inhibits B-lactamases and cell wall synthesis

Penicillin derived

-Broad spectrum

 

Can cause Tendonitis in children

Other SE: diarrhea, vomiting, rash, contact dermatitis, thrush, 

Term
Azathioprine (Azasan)
Definition

Inhibits purine synthesis

-Treats rheumatoid arthritis, given to organ transplant recipients

 

SE:-bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia (low platelets), anemia, neoplasm

Term
Tizanidine (Zanaflex)
Definition
  • Anti-spasmodic
  • Alpha-2 agoinist
  • Inhibits neurotransmission
Term
Timolol (Timoptic)
Definition
  • Nonspecific beta-blocker
  • Reduces aqueous humor production
  • Relieves increased IOP, open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension
  • SE: stinging, dry/itchy eyes, headache, photophobia, nausea
Term
Azithromycin (Z-pak)
Definition

Macrolide class Antibiotic

Interferes with 50s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

Antibiotic (respiratory and STD infections)

 

SE: upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, mild rash

Term
Aztreonam (Azactam)
Definition

Injectable antibiotic-monobactam class (only one in class)

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis, resistant to b-lactamases

-treatment of Gram negative infections

Term
Thioridazine (Mellaril)
Definition
  • Anti-psychotic (anti-schiz)
  • Blocks dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, as well as histamine, adrenergic and cholinergic receptors
  • SE: retinitis pigmentosa, arrythmias, tardive dyskinesia
Term
Bacitracin (Bacitracin)
Definition

Antibiotic-effective against gram positive bacteria

 

-too strong to be given in any form other than topical

-destroys bacterial cell wall

-treatment of infectious blepharitis, corneal ulcers

Term
Thiopental (Pentothal)
Definition
  • "Truth serum"
  • An ultra-short acting barbituate general anesthetic
Term
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Definition

-Muscle relaxant

-GABA agonist

-treat muscle spasms

 

SE: drowsiness, HA, seizures, nausea, vomiting, low BP, constipation, confusion, insomnia

Term
Terfinadine (Lamisil)
Definition
  • Anti-fungal
  • Treats athlete's foot
Term
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Definition
  • Estrogen receptor antagonist
  • Helps treat breast cancer
  • Prophylaxis
  • SE: retinal deposits, optic neuritis
Term
Betamethasone (Celestone)
Definition

Topical Glucocorticoid

-anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive properties

-treatment of allergic reactions like poison ivy, stops itching

Term
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Definition
  • Treats ED as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
  • SE: flushing, headache, myalgia, dyspepsia (GI issues)
Term
Betaxolol (Betoptic S.)
Definition

Selective B1 Blocker

-Treatment of acute angle glaucoma (reduces IOP)

 

SE: swelling, pain, redness in the eye, light sensitivity, fever, headache

Term
Tacrolimus (Protopic)
Definition
  • Immunosuppressant, 
  • A selective inhibitor of cytokine production  and function
  • may be used as a treatment for dry eye once approved
  • blocks calcineurin, can cause insulin-independent diabetes
Term
Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
Definition

Glycopeptide Antibiotic, causes breaks in DNA

Anti cancer treatment, Hodgekins lymphoma, 

 

SE: Lung Fibrosis

 

Term
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Definition
  • Uricosuric agent: increase of uric acid excreted in urine
  • Competitively inhibits renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid
  • SE: GI upset, rash
Term
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Definition
  • Treats type 2 diabetes
  • Inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase; controls blood glucose levels
  • SE: anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pancreatitis
Term
Botulinum toxin (Botox)
Definition

Inhibits Acetylcholine release

A muscle relaxant, also used in eye alignment

Term
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Definition

A Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 

-Lowers IOP in patients with Open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

 

SE: Red eye, swelling, light sensitivity, fever, headache

Term
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Definition
  • Treats ED, as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
  • Relaxes blood vessels/increases blood flow
Term
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Definition

Dopamine Agonist

-Dopamine inhibits prolactin, so in turn Bromocriptine also inhibits prolactin secretion

 

Treat Parkinsons and hyperprolactinemia

SE: Nausea, asthenia, HA, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea, amblyopia, GI upset, hypoglycemia, hypotension

Term
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Definition
  • Treats Parkinson's
  • MAObI
  • Inhibits the breakdown of dopamine
Term
Scopolamine (Scopace)
Definition
  • Muscarinic (cholinergic) antagonist
  • Cycloplegic mydriatic
  • Dilating drug
  • Can help with motion sickness
Term
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
  • Treats type 2 diabetes
  • Thiazolidinedione class of drug
  • Reduces insulin resistence by regulating gene expression
  • long duration action!!
  • SE: macular edema, fluid retention/edema, weight gain, anemia, toxicity
Term
Bupivicaine (Sensorcaine)
Definition
Amide based local anesthetic
Term
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Definition

Inhibits uptake of NE and DA (mechanism unknown)

-treats depression, also a stop-smoking aid, 

 

SE: increased risk of suicide, dry mouth, insomnia, headache, constipation, tremors

 

Not to be taken with MAOIs

Term
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Definition
  • 2nd generation anti-psychotic
  • Also used as anti-emetic, anti-schiz (+ and - symptoms), and to treat biopolar disorder and autism
  • Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors both centrally and peripherally
  • SE: seizures, hyperprolactinemia, urinary retention
Term
Buspirone (Buspar)
Definition

-a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

-relieves sexual side effects caused by other SSRIs.

Term
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Definition

1st Generation Anti-epileptic

Treats Bipolar as well

Inhibits Glutamate receptors

 

May increase risk of suicide

Term
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
Definition

Treatment of Parkinsons

-Inhibits metabolism of Levadopa in the periphery

 (must be taken with Levadopa to be effective)

Term
Rimexolone (Vexol)
Definition
  • Ophthalmic corticosteroid
  • Anti-inflammatory after ocular surgery; treats anterior uveitis
  • SE: increased IOP, optic neuritis, VA, field defects, cataracts
  • Do not use during active eye infection
Term
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Definition
  • Antibacterial against mycobacterium
  • 1st line of treatment for active TB
  • Treat leprosy
  • Inhibits RNA synthesis
  • SE: hepatotoxicity, oral thrush, red body fluids, menstrual changes
Term
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Definition

3rd generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, since the cells own autolytic enzymes still break down some of the cell wall for growth, this results in cell death.

-has a long half life-injection 1/day

-treat gonorrhea, bacterial meningitis, systemic bacterial infections etc. 

- SE:hyperbilirubinemia in infants, hemolytic anemia, prothrombin deficiency

Term
Ribavirin (Copegus)
Definition
  • Anti-viral
  • Treats Hep C, hantavirus, lassa fever, severe respiratory syncytial virus (flu-like)
  • Viral mRNA interferance
Term
Raloxifene (Evista)
Definition
  • Treats osteoporosis and breast cancer
  • Selective estrogen receptor antagonist/modulator
  • SE: hot flashes, leg cramps
Term
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Definition

-an NSAID used to treat pain and inflammation, arthritis and menstrual pain

-SE GI problems, possibly cardiovascular problems if taken long term

 

-contraindicated for pregnant women

Term
Quinine (Qualaquin)
Definition
  • Anti-malarial
  • Kills the asexual erythrocytic stage of infection
Term
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Definition

Cephalosporin antibiotic

-inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

-treatment of upper respiratory, ear, skin and urinary tract infections

 

SE: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, headaches, dizziness, skin rash, fever

Term
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Definition
  • 2nd generation, atypical anti-psychotic
  • Also treats bipolar disorder
  • 1st line of treatment - lower risk for Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia
  • SE: cataract development, lenticular changes, weight gain, metabolic changes
Term
Pyrazinamide
Definition
  • Treats TB
  • Bacteriostatic, but can be -cidal on rapidly replicating TB
Term
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Definition
  • Treats HYPERthyroidism
  • Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor
Term
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Definition

A benzodiazepine

Sedative, hypnotic, short term treatment for anxiety, also for alcohol withdrawal syndrome

 

Term
Proparacaine (Alcaine)
Definition
  • Ester topical local anesthetic (ophthalmic)
  • Rapid onset, lasts 15-20 mins
  • SE: stinging, irritation, contact dermatitis
Term
Probenecid
Definition
  • Treats gout
  • Increase uric acid excretion
  • Prevents reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys
Term
Chlorpromazine (Thiorazine)
Definition

A phenothiazine- First generation Anti-psychotic and anti-emetic, Schizophrenia treatment

-Deposits on corneal endothelium & anterior lens, discoloration of conjunctivitis and lid dermis

Term
Primaquine
Definition
  • Anti-malarial
  • Eliminates tissue infection
  • SE: GI issues, anemia, leukopenia (low wbc)
Term
Prednisone (Deltasone)
Definition
  • 1st line anti-inflammatory corticosteroid (glucocorticoid)
  • Treats uveitis due to RA, contact dermatitis
  • SE: increased IOP, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertension, peptic ulcers, osteoporosis, slower wound healing
Term
Prednisolone (Pred Forte)
Definition
  • Ketone-based corticosteroid
  • Reduces inflammation
  • Treats uveitis and episcleritis
  • SE: increase in IOP, GI issues
Term
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Definition

Bacteriostatic

-inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting ribosomal translocation 

-Bacterial infection treatment (skin, lung, blood etc.)

-also topical acne cream

 

SE: diarrhea, vomiting, joint pain, heartburn

Term
Pimecrolimus (Elidel)
Definition
  • Treats atopic dermatitis
  • Inhibits calcineurin, thus inhibiting T-cell activation
  • Prevents release of inflammatory cytokines from mast cells
Term
Pilocarpine (Pilopine)
Definition
  • Muscarinic agonist
  • Causes myosis
Term
Physostigmine
Definition
  • Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor
  • Indirect-acting miotic drug
  • Treats glaucoma (increase outflow of aqueous humor) and Alzheimer's
  • Antidote to atropine overdose
Term
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Definition
  • 1st generation anti-epileptic
  • Can also help with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
  • Blocks Na+ channels
Term
Penicillin G (Pfizerpen)
Definition
  • Anti-bacterial
  • Injected or IV
  • Treats severe infections of penecillin-susceptible organisms
  • Inhibits cell wall biosynthesis
Term
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Definition

A long acting benzodiazepine

-muscle relaxant

-treatment of epilepsy, anxiety, panic disorders

Term
Penicillamine (Cuprimine)
Definition
  • Treats copper/lead toxicity
  • Binds to metal followed by urinary excretion
Term
Clotrimazole (Mycelex)
Definition

Anti-fungal

-binds to phospholipids in fungal cell membrane, affecting permeability

-treatment of cutaneous fungal infections (yeast, foot, mouth, skin, vaginal)

 

SE: Hepatic complications, skin irritation, nausea and vomiting

Term
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Definition
  • Anti-viral
  • Flu vaccine
  • Inhibits viral neuraminidase
  • Inhibits the release of virus
Term
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Definition
  • Anti-emetic
  • Selective serotonin receptor antagonist
  • Used for cancer pts undergoing chemo/radiation therapy
  • SE: headache, dizziness, diarrhea, hypersensitivity
Term
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Definition
  • Growth hormone receptor inhibitor
Term
Codeine 
Definition

 

-activates mu opioid receptor

-analgesic, narcotic,hypnotic, antiperistaltic

-Schedule 3 drug, often given with aspirin or acetaminophen

 

SE: constipation, miosis, respiratory depression, addiction

Term
Nystatin (Mycostatin)
Definition
  • Anti-fungal-cutaneous
  • Forms holes in fungal membranes - lyses cell
  • SE: itching, irritation, and burning sensation
Term
Colchicine (Colcrys)
Definition

Treatment of Gout

-binds to tubulin in leukocytes and inhibits migration

-often used with probenicid

Term
Cortisone
Definition

Natural Steroid hormone, secreted by adrenal gland

-immune suppression, treats inflammation

-not to be prescribed when pt is still experiencing an active infection, only after infection has cleared up.

Term
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Definition

a DNA alkylating agent-anti cancer agent (chemotherapy)

Used in treatment of lymphoma and some solid tumors

 

Chemo induces nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, diarrhea and hair loss

Term
Nortriptyline (Palmelor)
Definition
  • Anti-depressant- TCA
  • Also treats migraine headaches
  • 2nd line of treatment - used if SSRI or SNRI does not work
  • SE: blurred vision, weight gain, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, drowsiness
Term
Cyclosporine (Restasis)
Definition

Immunosuppressant (mechanism unknown)

-treatment of ocular inflammation and dry eye

 

SE: eye burning, redness, tearing, discharge, pain, itching, stinging

Term
Naltrexone (Revia)
Definition
  • Opiod receptor antagonist
  • Used in heroin detox programs
Term
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
Definition

Direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant

-used with bromocriptine to treat Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Term
Naloxone (Narcan)
Definition
  • Synthetic opioid antagonist for heroin overdose
  • Precipitates withdrawal symptoms immediately
Term
Deferoxamine (Desferal)
Definition

Bacterial siderophore-iron chelating agent that is used to remove excess iron from the body in the case of iron poisoning

 

Term
Mycophenolate (CellCept)
Definition
  • Immunosuppressant
  • Inhibits purine synthesis
  • SE: GI upset, leukopenia (decreased wbc), increased susceptibility to infection, tumors
Term
Despiramine (Norpramin)
Definition

A Tri-cyclic antidepressant

-inhibits reuptake of NE and serotonin

-for depression and neuropathic pain

Term
Moxifloxacin (Mozexa)
Definition
  • Anti-bacterial (-cidal)-4th gen fluoroquinolone
  • Treats bacterial conjunctivitis (ophthalmic drops)
  • Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
  • SE: eye irritation, headache
Term
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Definition

A long acting-glucocorticoid agonist

-suppresses immune response

-used to treat  red eye and conjunctivitis

-may  increase IOP

Term
Diazepam (Valium)
Definition

Increases GABA resulting in CNS depression

-Treatment of anti-anxiety, epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal and insomnia

 

SE: Amnesia, sedation

 

Not for pregnant women

Term
Morphine (Duramorph)
Definition
  • Natural opioid analgesic
  • Very high abuse potential; addictive
  • Action through CNS
  • SE: myosis, constipation, increase in intracranial pressure
Term
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Definition
  • Synthetic prostaglandin analogue
  • Inhibits total amount and concentration of acid in stomach
  • Increases mucosa
Term
Mifepristone (RU-486)
Definition
  • Anti-progestin
  • Progesterone antagonist
  • Used for abortions
Term
Dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
Definition

Antiobiotic-penicillin class

-cell wall inhibitor

Term
Difluprednate (Durezol)
Definition

An emulsion corticosteroid, similar to pred forte but half the dosing requirements (longer half life)

-treatment of ocular pain, uveitis and inflammation

Term
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Definition
  • Indirect-acting CNS stimulant
  • Increases activity of norepinephrine and dopamine
  • Treats ADHD; increases attention, decreases motor activity
  • Highly addictive
Term
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Definition

Prevents breakdown of dopamine

-Cancer treatment

-also inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, which causes adverse affects after alcohol consumption, used to treat alcoholism.

 

Causes increased BP, anxiety, headache, metal taste in mouth

Term
Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
Definition

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Crosses cornea and sclera, affects non-pigmented epithelium of ciliary body

-reduces IOP

-burns upon installation

-SE: bitter taste, blurry vision, dry eye, photosensitivity, red eye, tearing

Term
Methotrexate (Trexall)
Definition
  • Anti-cancer; also treats rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
  • Inhibits DNA synthesis; binds irreversably to dihydrofolate reductase
  • SE: CNS toxicity, renal failure, GI issues, hyperuricemia, reddining of skin
  • Do not use with alcohol
Term
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Definition

Treatment of many types of cancers

Intercalates DNA (reversible inclusion of a molecule between 2 other molecules)

--

-SE:can cause heart damage

Term
Doxycycline (Oracea)
Definition

Tetracycline class Antibiotic

Treatment of chlamydia, lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever and cholera

 

Contraindicated for children

Term
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Definition
  • Treats HYPERthyroidism (Grave's disease or thyrotoxicosis)
  • Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
Term
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Definition

A Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Treatment of depression and anxiety

-May increase risk of suicide

 

Term
Mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
Definition
  • Amide local anesthetic (injected)
  • Used for peripheral nerve blocks and epidurals
Term
Mefloquine (Lariam)
Definition
  • Anti-malarial
  • Works for blood
Term
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Definition

Direct Adrenergic agonist (both alpha and beta)

-emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions, idiopathic anaphylaxis

SE: upset stomach, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, weakness, headache, shaking hands

Term
Meclizine (Antivert)
Definition
  • Anti-emetic
  • Anticholinergic; diminishes vestibular stimulation
  • Treats motion sickness
  • SE: blurred vision, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea (really?!)
Term
Erythromycin (Ilotycin)
Definition

Antibiotic-Macrolide class

Binds to the 50s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein translocation (the exit step)

Also a nocturnal antibiotic ointment

-used in pts allergic to penicillin

-prophylactic treatment against infection in newborns

 

SE: GI disturbance, jaundice,  ototoxicity

Term
Loteprednol (Lotemax)
Definition
  • Ester corticosteroid
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Treats eye inflammation/allergies/keratitis
  • SE: anaphylaxis/allergies
Term
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Definition

Inhibits growth of Mycobacteria

Treatment of Tuberculosis, part of multi-drug therapy

 

SE:decrease VA and color blindness (should be monitored), optic neuropathy, acute gout, joint pain, rash etc. 

Term
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Definition
  • Anti-anxiety
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Increases GABA levels
  • SE: drowsiness, dizziness, weakness
  • Do not use with alcohol
Term
Exenatide (Byetta)
Definition

Diabetes Medication

-to be injected after eating, suppresses the release of glucagon preventing hyperglycemia

 

SE: Sour stomach, nausea, not for patients with GI disease

 

Term
Liothyronine (Cytomel)
Definition
  • Treats HYPOthyroidism
  • Synthetic T3 
Term
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Definition
  • Anti-bacterial
  • Protein synthesis inhibitor
  • Good for vancomycin-resistent bacteria
  • SE: peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, blindness
Term
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Definition
  • Local anesthetic
  • Blocks Na+ channels
Term
Levothyroxine (Levothroid)
Definition
  • Treats HYPOthytoidism
  • Mimics endogenous T4 and T3
Term
Finasteride (Propecia)
Definition

Anti-androgen

-decreasews dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, reducing it's size.

-used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

 

SE: decreased libido and erectile dysfunction

Term
Latanoprost (Xalatan)
Definition
  • Prostaglandin analogue
  • Increases outflow of aqueous humor
  • Treats high IOP, open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension
  • SE: blurred vision, cold/flu-like symptoms, dizziness, dry or watery eyes
Term
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Definition

Benzodiazepine Antagonist

IV only-treatment of Benzodiazepine overdose

 

Term
Fluoromethalone (FML)
Definition

Corticosteroid

-treatment of mild-moderate ocular inflammation

-may raise IOP

 

Term
Ketorolac (Acuvail)
Definition
  • Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic
  • Inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis
  • Treats ocular allergies, reduces inflammation after cataract surgery
  • Can also be used perenterally to treat migraines
  • SE: stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, headache, ocular pain/inflammation/irritation, corneal infiltrates/edema/erosion
Term
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Definition

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Long acting (taken 1/week)

Treatmetn of depression, approved for younger populations

 

SE: nausea, drowsiness, insomnia, increased suicidal thoughts, sexual dysfunction

-not to be taken with MAOIs

Term
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Definition

Inhibits Androgen uptake or nuclear binding  of androgen in target tissue

 

Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, prevention of cancer cell growth, competes with testosterone

 

SE: decreased libido, hot flashes, gynecomastia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice, impotence and reduced sperm count

Term
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Definition
  • Anti-fungal
  • Inhibits ergosterol synthesis - pokes holes in fungal membranes
  • Treats systemic fungal infections
  • Do not use with alcohol or steroids
Term
Foscarnet (Foscavir)
Definition

Anti-viral

Inhibits genome replication by inhibiting phospate binding sites on viral DNA polymerase

 

Treatment of Herpes SImplex 1 & 2, CMV retinitis and HIV

 

SE: Nephrotoxicity, anxiety, seizures, vision problems

Pregnancy Category C 

Term
Ganciclovir (Zyrgan)
Definition

Intravenous Anti-viral

Treatment of retinitis, epithelial keratitis, Herpes virus and CMV infections

 

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomahc pain, belching, dry mouth, nervousness, sweating, flushing, cramping and many more

Term
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
Definition
  • Anti-fungal
  • Used mostly for respiratory/pulmonary fungal infections
  • Inhibits ergosterol synthesis - fungal cell membrane unable to form
Term
Isoniazid (Nadrazid)
Definition
  • Anti-TB
  • Prodrug activated by bacterial catalase peroxide enzyme
  • Inhibits bacterial mycolic acid synthesis
  • SE: CNS/PNS neuropathy, acidosis, anemia, liver damage, rash
Term
Gatifloxacin (Zymaxid)
Definition

Anti-biotic

Inhibits DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase) (Fluoroquinolone class)

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

Prolonged use may lead to superinfection

Term
Gentamicin (Genoptic)
Definition

Aminoglycoside class of antibiotic

-Binds the 30s Ribosomal subunit, inhibits protein synthesis

-treats both gram positive and gram negative infections

SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

 

Term
Interferon alpha (Infergen)
Definition
  • Anti-viral
  • Interferes with viral protein synthesis
  • 1st line treatment for Hep B and C
  • SE: flu-like symptoms
Term
Glyburide (DiaBeta)
Definition

Type II Diabetes Medication

-increases insulin secretion and efficiency

-only effective in patients who still produce insulin

-in the sulfonylurea class of drugs

SE: Nausea, jaundice, heartburn, rash, stomach pain, unusual bruising/bleeding, diarrhea, fever, sore throat, facial swelling

 

 

Term
Indomethacin (Indocin)
Definition
  • NSAID - analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
  • SE: blurred vision, GI upset, rash
Term
Imipenem (Primaxin)
Definition
  • Very potent anti-bacterial
  • Administered via injection
  • Carbapenem class-cell wall inhibitor
Term
Griseofulvin (GrisPeg)
Definition

Treats cutaneous fungal infection

Prevents mitosis, thus it only affects new cells, have to wait for the old infected cells to grow and be cut off before stopping the medication

Term
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Definition
  • NSAID - anti-pyretic
  • Treats pain
  • It is NOT an anti-inflammatory nor an anti-platelet
  • SE: GI upset, headache, dizziness, drowsiness
Term
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Definition

Schizophrenia Treatment

-blocks peripheral and central post-synaptic receptors

-high potency, first generation anti-psychotic

-also treats chemotherapy induced nausea

 

SE: Tardive dyskinesia, hyperprolactinemia, sedation

Term
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
Definition

Antimalarial-blocks activation of toll-like receptors, reduces inflammation, 

 

SE: HA, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of apetite, diarrhea, stomach pain, rash, blurred vision

Term
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Definition
  • Treats osteoporosis
  • inhibits osteoclast activity
Term
Hydrocodone (Hycodan)
Definition

Strong Semi-synthetic Opioid

-analgesic, narcotic

-called Vicodin when combined with acetaminophen

-called Oxycodone when mixed with acetaminophen and aspirin

-suppresses cough reflex

 

-SE: Constipation, sedation, euphoria

Not to be taken with alcohol or CNS depressants

Term
What are some examples of situations where drugs are used prophylactically?
Definition

-prevention of infection

1.Pts with rheumatic heart disease

2. Dental extractions in pts with implanted prosthetic devices (like heart valves)

3. Most surgical procedures

4. Use of Zidovudine to protect the child of a HIV positive pregnant women.

Term
Why is streptomycin contraindicated for pregnant women?
Definition
Can cause auditory toxicity
Term
Why are tetracyclines contraindicated for children and pregnant women?
Definition
Staining of teeth and disrupted bone growth
Term
Give some reasons why multi-therapy may be preferred
Definition

1. Treatment of a life-threatening condition

2. treat polymicrobial infection

3. Pathogens that no one agent is effective against.

4. Achieve Synergy

5. Prevent emergence of resistant strains

6. Permit use of lower dose of one of the agents

Term
Name the 4 classes of Anti-biotic Cell Wall Inhibitors
Definition

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactams

Term
Describe the common adverse effects of penicillins
Definition

Hypersensitvity

Diarrhea

Nephritis

Neurotoxicity

Hematologic Toxicities

Cation Toxicity

Term
What structural feature is common between Imipenem and Aztreonam (also found in other drugs)
Definition
B-lactam rings
Term
Which antibiotic is the first choice for MERSA treatment?
Definition
Vancomycin
Term
Describe some adverse effects of vancomycin
Definition
Fever, Chills, Flushing and Phlebitis
Term

Name the 4 classes of Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Antibiotics

Which 'part' of protein synthesis do they inhibit?

Definition

Tetracyclines-bind to 30s ribosomal subunit

Glycycyclines-same as above

Aminoglycosides-also 30s

Macrolides-bind to 50s ribosomal subunit

Term
What types of fluids may disrupt the absorption of tetracyclines?
Definition

Antacids

Milk

Term
Name some adverse effects of tetracyclines
Definition

GI disturbance

deposition in bones and teeth

liver failure

phototoxicity

vertigo

contraindicated in pregnancy

Term
Which Tetracycline drug is the drug of choice in eyecare and why?
Definition

Doxycycline

causes less GI upset

Term
Which class of Antibiotic is the first choice for treatment of Chlamydia and Syphillis?
Definition
Macrolides, specifically the one called Z-Pac
Term
Why is Chloramphenicol rarely used in North America?
Definition
-Rare chance of severe idiosyncratic reactions like aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, can be fatal
Term
Which drug is used to treat Vancomycin resistant bacteria and what is it's mechanism?
Definition

Linezolid

-binds to 50s subunit (like the Macrolides do)

Term

What is the mechanism of Fluoroquinolones?

What is the suffix associated with this class?

 

Definition

Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) to inhibit DNA replication

 

'floxacins'

Term

T/F

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat malaria.

Definition

False

They are antibiotics, not anti-protozoans

Term
What 4 drugs are the first choice for treatment of TB?
Definition

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

Pyrazinamide

 

 

Term
Which of the antimycobacterial drugs on our list is used to treat leprosy?
Definition
Rifampin
Term
What sort of ocular effects can ethambutol have?
Definition

Optic Neuritis

Color Vision deficiencies

Term
What part of the organism do anti-fungals target?
Definition
The cell membrane or cell wall
Term
Why would one use Flucytosine with Amphotericin?
Definition

They have different mechanisms of action, resulting in synergistic activity. 

Work better together than individually

Term
Which drug should not be taken with ketoconazole?
Definition
Amphotericin
Term
Mechanism of Amphotericin?
Definition
Forms pores in the ergo-sterol membrane
Term
Which of the anti-fungals is the drug of choice for athlete's foot?
Definition
Terbinafine
Term
Which of the antimalarial drugs targets the tissue form of malaria rather than the blood form?
Definition
Primaquine
Term
Which antimalarial is used in treatment of chloroquine resistant strains?
Definition
Mefloquine
Term
Which 2 cholinergic antagonists are used as anti-emetics?
Definition
Scopolamine and Meclizine
Term
What are some of the mechanisms of anti-viral drugs?
Definition

Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Zidovudine)

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Protease Inhibitors

Integrase Inhibitors

Term
Which type of viral infections does Interferon alpha target?
Definition

Hepatic Viral Infections, specifically B and C

Genital Warts caused by Papilloma virus

Kaposi's sarcoma

 

Term
How is Ganciclovir administered?
Definition
IV
Term
How is Foscarnet administered?
Definition
Intravitreal and Intravenous
Term

What are the 4 classes of drugs used as Anti-cancers?

What is the specific effect of each?

Definition

Antimetabolites-inhibit purine and pyramidine synthesis

Antibiotics-break up DNA

Alkylating Agents-alter structure by adding or removing fragments

Microtubule Inhibitors-inhibiting cell activity and division

Term
What is the smallest amount of tumor cells that is physically detectable?
Definition
10^9 cells
Term
What are the main neurotransmitters that produce nausea and vomiting?
Definition

Dopamine

Serotonin (5HT)

Ach

Term
Describe the use of Ipecac syrup
Definition

An emetic, causes vomiting

Use in case of poison ingestion

Term
What do antihistamines, anti-psychotics (1st gen) and anticholinergics all have in common
Definition
They can all be used as anti-emetics
Term
Name 6 Immunosuppressant drugs and their specific classes
Definition

1. Tacrolimus-a selective inhibitor of cytokine production and function

2. Cyclosporine-same as Tacrolimus

3. Azathioprine-immunosuppressive antimetabolite

4. Mycophenolates-same as Azathioprine

5. Prednisolone-Adrenocorticoid

6. Prednisone-same as prednisolone

Term
Which antimalarial drug can also be used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
Definition
Hydroxychloroquine
Term
Which anti-cancer drug is also used in treatmetn of rheumatoid arthritis?
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
Name the antidote for tylenol overdose
Definition
Acetylcysteine
Term
Name the antidote for morphine overdose
Definition
Naloxone
Term
Name the antidote for Isoniazid and how does it work?
Definition

Isoniazid inhibits the absorption of Vitamin B6

Taking Pyridoxine (which is vit B6) counteracts that

Term
What sort of supplement should someone being treated for tuberculosis be taking?
Definition
Pyridoxine-vitamin B6
Term
What type of bacteria does Bacitracin target?
Definition
Gram Positive
Term
When treating a bacterial eye infection, what is the first choice for a pt who is allergic to penicillin?
Definition
Erythromycin
Term
What do Despiramine, Amitryptyline and Nortryptyline have in common?
Definition
Are all Tri Cyclic Anti Depressants
Term
Name the 2 Cephalosporins on our drug list
Definition

Ceftriaxone

Cephalexin

Term
Which drug on our list is in the carbapenem class?
Definition
Imepenem
Term
What is the name of the only monobactam antibiotic?
Definition
Aztreonam
Term
Name the 2 Aminoglycosides on our drug list
Definition

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

Term
Name the 2 Macrolides on our drug list
Definition

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Term
Name the two fluoroquinolones on our drug list
Definition

Moxifloxacin

Gatifloxacin

Term
There are 5 drugs on our list that can be used to treat Parkinsons, name them
Definition

Carbidopa

Apomorphine (dopamine agonist)

Amantidine (NMDA agonist, increases DA levels

Bromocriptine (DA agonist)

Selegeline (MAObI)

Term
Name the 4 drugs on the list used to treat osteoporosis
Definition

Raloxifene (SERM)

Zoledronic Acid (inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts)

Ibandronate (inhibits osteoclasts)

Olendronate (a bisphosphonate)

Term
Name the 2 drugs on the list that can be used in treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition

Methtrexate

Azathioprine

Term
Name the 2 drugs used to treat HYPOthyroidism
Definition

Levothyroxine

Liothyronine

Term
Name 2 drugs used to treat HYPERthyroidism
Definition

Propylthiouracil

Methimazole

Term
There were 7 drugs on our list that can be used in treatment of glaucoma...name em
Definition

Timolol

Brinzolamide (CAI)

Betaxolol

Latanoprost (increase uveoscleral outflow)

Apraclonidine (alpha 2 agonist)

Dorzolamie (CAI)

Physostigmine

Term
What drug class is Doxycycline?
Definition
Tetracycline Antibiotic
Term
Name 2 uses for 
Bupropion 
Definition

Antidepressant

Stop-smoking aid

Term
What is the mechanism of Venlafaxine?
Definition
SNRI
Term
Name 5 SSRIs
Definition

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Buspirone

Trazodone

Duloxetine

Ondansertron

Term

Which Anti-cancer class do each of these drugs fit into?

Methotrexate

Bleomycin

Doxorubicin

Cyclophosphamide

Raloxifene

Definition

Methotrexate-Antimetabolite

Bleomycin-Antibiotic

Doxorubicin-Intercalating 

Cyclophosphamide-Alkylating

Raloxifene-Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator

Term
Which SSRi is also used to treat nausea?
Definition
Ondansertron
Term
Which Schizophrenia med is also used to treat chemotherapy induced nausea?
Definition
Haloperidol
Term
Name 4 Drugs on our list used to treat Diabetes and their mechanisms
Definition

Exenatide (stops the tide of glucagon) -increases glucose dep. insulin release, decreases glucagon and slows gastric emptying

Rosiglitazone (Type II)-decreases insulin resistance

Glyburide (aka DiaBeta)-stimulates insulin secretion

Sitagliptin-similar to Exenatide but affects a different part of the pathway

Term
Name 5 anesthetics
Definition

Mepivicaine-local, amide

Lidocaine-local, Na blocker

Bupivicaine-amide

Thiopental-truth serum

Proparacaine-local, ester

Term
Name 3 Muscle Relaxants
Definition

Tizanidine (Zanalfex)  (alpha 2 agonist)

Baclofen (GABA agonist)

Dantrolene (direct, treatment of NMS)

Term
Name 4 drugs used to treat Gout
Definition

Colchicine

Allopurinol

Probenecid

Sulfinpyrazone

Term
What 2 drugs on our list are used in detox?
Definition

Naltrexone

and Naloxone

They are both opioid antagonists

Term
Name the 2 Anti-androgen drugs
Definition

Flutamide-treatment of metastatic prostate growth

Finasteride-benign prostatic hyperplasia

Term
Name three Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Definition

Tadalafil

Vardenafil

Sildenafil

Term
Which drug can be used to treat cystic fibrosis?
Definition
Acetylcysteine
Term
Name the anti-arrhythmic drug on our list and give yourself 11 points if you can spell anti-arrhythmic without looking.
Definition
Amiodarone, a Potassium channel blocker (Class III)
Term
Name 5 drugs on our list used to treat epilepsy
Definition

Cloazepam-a benzodiazepine

Phenytoin (Na blocker)

Vigabatrin (increases GABA)

Carbamazepine-blocks glutamate

Diazepam

Term

How many drops are in 1ml of solution?

How many ml is a tsp?

Tbsp?

Definition

20 drops (gtt)

5ml

15ml

Term

Which drug is used to reverse dilation?

Mechanism?

Definition

Dapiprozole

An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, so it reverses the effects of phenylephrine

 

Cholinergic agonists are ineffective

Term
Which type of anesthetic has a higher chance of causing an allergic reaction? Give an example
Definition

Ester based anesthetics have a higher chance of causing an allergic reaction

Proparacaine

Term
Which class of drugs is first line in treatment of Glaucoma?
Definition
Prostaglandin analogues
Term
Which drug is the only benzodiazepine antagonist?
Definition
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Term
What are the 2 main drug mechanisms used to treat Parkinson's disease
Definition
Cholinergic Antagonists and Dopamine Agonists
Term
Which SSRI is given to relieve the sexual side effects of other SSRIs?
Definition
Buspirone
Term

Which is the most common drug used to treat Epilepsy?

Name the SE

Definition

Phenytoin

SE: Gingival hypertrophy, body hair increase, rash and lymphadenopathy

Term
What is Lamotrigine used to treat and what are some side effects?
Definition

A newer drug used to treat Epilepsy

SE: rash and nausea

Term
Which of the anti-psychotics on our list are 'Typical' and what does this classification mean?
Definition

Chlorpromazine

Haloperidol

Thioridazine

 

Typical means it works against positive symptoms

Term
Which anti-psychotic drugs are 'Atypical' and what does this classification mean?
Definition

Risperidone

Quetiapine

Atypical anti-psychotics treat both positive and negative symptoms

Term
What are some side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Definition

Tardive Dyskinesia

Hyperprolactinemia

Sedation

Moderate Weight Gain

NMS

Term
What are some effects of Atypical Antipsychotics?
Definition

Diabetes Mellitus

Hypercholesterolemia

Sedation

Seizures

Hyperprolactinemia

Weight gain

Risk of arrythmias

Term
What are some ocular side effects of Chlorpromazine?
Definition

 

-Anterior Sub-capsular stellate shaped cataracts

-slate blue discoloration of conj and dermis

-decreased tear secretion

-increased IOP

Term
What are some ocular side effects of Thioridazine?
Definition

Decreased Tear secretion

Increased IOP

Retinitis Pigmentosa from high doses

Term
What can TCAs be used for other than as anti-depressants?
Definition
To treat neuropathic pain
Term
What is the first line of drugs used to treat bipolar disorder?
Definition

Lithium is a common first Choice

Also use Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid which are anti-convulsants

Any Atypical anti-psychotic may also be used

Term
Which anti-spasmodic agent is used to treat blepharospasm and affects EOm movement?
Definition
Botulinum Toxin
Term
Describe the mechanism of the three Erectile Dysfunction meds
Definition

They inhibit phosphodiesterase which results in increased levels of cGMP in the blood. 

This results in increased blood flow 

Term
Which of the three erectile dysfunction drugs has the longest duration of action?
Definition

Tadalafil (Cialis)

The other 2 only last about 1/3 as long

Term
What ocular side effects are associated with Erectile Dysfunction meds?
Definition
Problems with blue-green color discrimination
Term
How do corticosteroids affect WBCs and RBCs?
Definition

Sine they inhibit autocoids, they inhibit synthesis of leukocytes (WBCs)

They increase RBC numbers

Term
Which 2 steroids on our drug list are the longest acting?
Definition

Betamethasone and Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is the most potent

Term
Which steroid has the shortest duration of action?
Definition
Hydrocortisone
Term
Which drugs can cause Whorl-like opacities?
Definition
Amiodarone and Hydroxychloroquine
Term
What is the most common treatment for Herpes Simplex Keratitis Infection?
Definition

First use Trifluridine (Viroptic)

If allergies or resistance use acyclovir

Term
Which anti-viral drug is most often used to treat Herpes Zoster?
Definition
Valacyclovir
Term
Which two drugs can be administered intravenously to treat retinal inflammation?
Definition
Foscarnet and Ganciclovir
Term
Are nearly all corticosteroids ketone or ester based? Which is the exception and what category does it fall under?
Definition

Nearly all corticosteroids are ketone based.

The exception is loteprednol which is ester based.

Term
Tobradex contains what combination of steroid and anti-biotic?
Definition

Dexamethasone

Tobramycin

Term
Zylet contains which combination of steroid and antibiotic?
Definition
Loteprednol and Tobramycin
Term
Which drug combinations are found in Maxitrol?
Definition
Dexamethasone, Neomycin and Polymyxin B
Term
Which drugs are used to treat preseptal cellulitis?
Definition

Dicloxacillin which is a B-lactamase resistant penicillin

and Cephalexin

Oral tablets

Term
Drug of choice in treatment of adult conjunctivities (caused by things like chlamydia)
Definition
Azithromycin, a macrolide
Term
What is the drug of choice in treatment of posterior blepharitis and rosacea?
Definition
Doxycycline (oral)
Term
Name the ocular side effects of Isotretinoin (Acutane)
Definition

Acutane is an acne medication

SE:

-corneal opacities

-neovascularization

-dry eye

-blepharoconjunctivitis

-impairment of dark adaptation

-Increased IOP

 

Term

What peptide levels can be measured rather than insulin?

What advantage does it have

Definition

The peptide Amylin is co-secreted with insulin. 

However it is not processed like insulin so it gives a better indication of insulin levels

Term
Which Diabetes medication has the longest duration of action?
Definition
Rosiglitazone
Term
Differentiate between monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives.
Definition

Mono-constant dose of estrogen and progesterone

Tri-tries to mimic the natural female cycle by only giving constant estrogen and progesterone for 3 weeks and then 1 week off.

Term
Describe the mechanism of action of contraception
Definition

Not very well understood but it:

-thickens cervical mucus, uterine endometrium

-alters motility and secretion in the uterine tubes

-prevents ovulation, 

Term
What substance is used to counteract hyperprolactinemia
Definition
Dopamine
Term

Translate into Pharmacist speak

Take capsules under tongue twice a day in the morning before meals with water.

Definition

Sig: cap. sI b.i.d qAM ac,  c aq.

 

Term

Translate into Pharmacist speak

 

2 drops in right eye every three hours and 4 drops before bed every day

Definition

Sig: 2 gtt OD q3h and 4gtt h.s. q.1.d

 

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