"Pesaro Madonna" Titian 1519-26

Oil on Canvas

Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice 

St. Peter on the stairs, presents conquered muslim turk to mary and the christ child

St. Francis gestures  to family of donors on the left 

-shape and background meant to look like a continuation of the window above it 

-brings it into context 

Michelangelo's "David" 1501-04

Marble

Shows David's calm confident moment before facing Goliath

Shows his faith in God though his clear, rational expression

-originally intended for Florence Cathedral but placed in front of town hall because citizens were so enamored with it

-florentines felt he represented their political and civic values

-once wore a gold loin cloth 

Matthias Grunewald "Isenheim Altarpiece"

1510-15, oil on wood panel

Mary, John the evangelist, Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist

-Made IN THE REFORMATION bringing people back to JESUS and away from papacy

-The Artist meant to evoke sypathy through first panel of suffering and death. Used very dark colors and idealized forms

-Jesus' dead body at the bottom was something people in the nearby sickbay could relate to

-The inner panel displays christian events of joy, the annunciation, nativity and resurection in bright colors 

Renaissance Europe 1300-1600

From the french word for "rebirth"when humanity began to emerge from an intellectual and cultural stagnation and scholars again appreciated the achievements of the ancients.

Early Renaissance 1300-1500 

Revival of Classic learning and literature, focus on education and ancient teachings.

High or Classical Renaissance 1500-1520 Italy, 1520-70 Venice

Uncritical acceptance of classical texts and a spirit of discovery. Exploring new ideas and the natural world. As a result of the printing press, an explosion in the number of books available lead to greater widespread literacy and the spread of knowledge. Mannerism(1540).

A style opposite to classical, expressing tension, the unexpected, and disorder. Unnatural representations, exaggeration, and lack of balance. A style characteristic of High Renasisance art.

1540 

1600-1720 

A period in which focus on the human figure was stressed because man was made in God's image. More action than classical tradition. A focus on capturing life, observation realism and nature.

Headed by Martin Luther in 1520

Movement away from the leadership of the pope and church ritual. "By text only" theory. 

The Council of trent told the people they were going to hell to bring them back

A push to involve the congregation in the church and towards more church ritual.

Real-World religious art and emotional art produced 

Passegways running parallel to, and on either side fo the nave in a basilica church, separated from the nave by a column arcade or colonnade.

carved and painted cedar wood, cedar bark, feathers and fiber, before 1951

These were outlawed in 1885 by the canadian government pressured by missionaries that claimed the mask endangered education and economy and was cannibalistic

The dance done in this mask reinacts the taming of the Hamatsa (people-eating spirit) and his three attendant birds. 

Defines who is an indian and concerns certain legal rights and disabilities they have?

I don't know how this pertains to their art...help? 

a continuous shape defining line

Used in the kwakwa'wakw mask 

Primordial Couple, 16th-19th century

Wood

Represent duality and coupling, male and female roles

They are twins

-The legs of their stools are composed of smaller figures

means people? A large group of people that inhabit the Mali reigon in West Africa

Speak languages in the Voltaic language family 

Social orientation in community and Village life, lead by Cheiftans.

(Andrea) Palladio, Villa Rotunda

Vincenza, Italy, 1560's

-A Party house, not agricultural, inspired by the Pantheon

-has a rotunda (dome) and four temple fronts (ionic), radial symmetry, four cardinal views of countryside

-Perfectly balanced elements, a circle in a square, in a larger square

-Enter on the second level (main living quarters, kitchens below) 

Chiswick House

Richard Boyle (Lord Burlington) and William Kent

West London, 1725 

-Modeled after Villa Rotunda, "Palladio mania", baroque exuberance

-Roman temple front, octagonal core and double staircases 

-Advocating return to austerity and simplicity of Palladio, whom Boyle studied heavily

Monticello, Charlottesville VA

Thomas Jefferson 1775-1800 

-Designed by Jefferson, amature architect extroardinare who dubbed Palladio's 4 books of architecture "the bible." 

-Uses humble red brick, light stucco and wood that came from the surrounding areas, not marble and stone.

-Ontop of a hill overlooking landscape, was part of a larger complex that he tried to keep hidden. 

-Ingeniously hid dum waiter and staircases in the walls so servants could move unnoticed. 

(TWO SIDE PANELS NOT INCLUDED

LEFT SHOWING HORRIFIED CHRISTIANS

RIGHT SHOWING ONLOOKING ROMANS) 

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The Raising of the Cross, Flemish

Peter Paul Rubens, oil on canvas, Baroque

1610-11

-Very painterly, all bodies idealized (herculean), involves landscape in composition

-Caravaggio emotion and virtuoso, dramatic light, diagnoal composition show Rueben's debt to italian art.

-Rich colors and surface realism (minute detail) are his Flemish influence. 

-Landscape and world as a whole become important, landscape as a stage. 

-Strong division between the pious christians witnessing the act and the indifferent romans crucifying christ. 

Jewish Cemetery, Jacob van Ruisdael

Dutch, Baroque 1655-60 

-Embraced the real world instead of architectural settings, getting in touch with nature vs. classical controlling world of perfection.

-"God created the world but the Dutch created Holland."

-The actual dutch landscape was fairly barren but they depcit it as lush, developed and hilly.

-Landscape as a composition,the idea that it is somewhat manufactured.

The Night Watch, Rembrandt van Rijn

Oil on Canvas, Dutch, Baroque 1642 

-One of Rembrandt's commissions to paint a group portrait.

-Shows psychological images of dimensions?

-HUGE scale

-Attempts made to find symbolic meaning in the highlighting of the young girl carrying a chicken and wearing a money pouch, but she may just add touches of interesting color to heighten the excitement of the scene. 

Woman Holding a Balance, Jan Vermeer

Dutch, Baroque c. 1664 

-Dutch Genre Painting

-"Monumental composition" and perfect balance, a moment of supreme stillness as the woman contemplates the balance.

-The act of weighing and judging, the last judgement painting hanging behind her (DING!), a metaphor for eternal judgement.

-Also the moment of quiet judgement before she touches jewlery recalls the vanitas theme of transience of life, ephereral quality of material things.

Houses of Parliament, London

Charles Barry & Augustus Pugin 1836-60 

-Design was the result of architectural competition.

-Symmetry suggests the balance of powers of the British system.

-Gothic used b/c it showed heritage and accomplishments of Britain. 

-Gothic style compliments nearby Trinity Church.

-Intricate gothic decoration laid over essentially classical plan.

-Thought of middle ages as epoch of idyllic spirituality and handcraft. Gothic was a principle, like claccism, ornament as enrichment of essential structure. 

Holland Hall, St. Olaf College

Collegiate Gothic Revival, 1925

Coolidge and Hodgdon-architects 

-Norman Gothic, used by norwegians, norwegian college. 

Sofonisba Anguissola, Self Portrait

Northern Italy, oil on canvas 1552 

-Her father was not an artist but believed in humanistic education and encouraged her work  and because of this she was able to study under a master artist

-Became a lady in waiting and court painter in spain

-Extremely small portrait, she was skilled at miniatures 

-Border of medallion spells out her name and home town, interlaced letters are a riddle that form a monogram of the letters of her sister's first name, which were classical renaissance names.

Judith and her Maidservant with the Head of Halofernes

Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian, Baroque, oil on canvas

1625 

-Boroque naturalism and tenebrist effects, dramatic lighting

-Shows judith holding blody sword, both women are very active and seem powerful, strong diagonal composition. A feminist interpretation of the story.

-Artemisia was a resident of florence and was aware of the city's identification with the heroine Judith. 

 Judith Leyster, Self Portrait

Oil on canvas, Dutch, Baroque

1635 

-Women had more freedoms in Holland than Italy, they could be members of guilds. 

-Advertizes herself as a professional painter, painting a genre piece.

-Shows naturalism and tenebrist lighting effecs.  Very elegantly dressed, a symbol of her success. Paints the painting in the piece more loosely to differentiate between her image and that of the fiddler.

Flower Still life, Rachel Ruysch

Oil on Canvas, Dutch, Baroque 

after 1700

-Genre painting was considered appropriate for women.

-Flower painting was a much admired specialty in the netherlands.

-Diagonal composition, emphasized curving stems, added shells, bumblebee and moth. 

-The combination of live and dying flowers suggest a message about mortality and the afterlife, being aware that death is eminent for everyone and not to enjoy the good life too much (reformation idea).

(NOT ACTUAL PORTRAIT-JUST SIMILAR) 

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Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset,

Rosalba Carriera

Italian, Rococo, Pastel on Paper

1730 

-She was a leading portraitist, often used pastels.

-Admitted to the Royal academy of painting and sculpture

-Painted this portrait in venice, Sackville was a british aristocrat. 

Plowing the Nivernais: The dressing of Vines,

Rosa Bonheur, 1849 

-Bonheur got police permission to wear man's clothing. Studied animals in the stockyard and slaughterhouse because she could not study the human nude. 

-Celebration of animal husbandry and being able to feed the masses, a conservative theme of the era. Echoes the idea of formal processions, exaggerated diagonal composition.

-Painted animals with complete accuracy, studied

Woman in a Loge, Mary Cassatt

Oil on canvas, American in France, Impressionism

1879 

-Focused her work on domestic and social life of well-off women.

-Bright luminous color, and loose brushstrokes were to associate her with her new associates, the impressionists like Renoir.

-Opera glasses of the crowd are focused upon other crowd members. 

Red Canna, Georgia O'Keefe

Oil on canvas on masonite, American modernism

1924 

-Is a sexual image but NOT one for men to be aroused by and to gaze upon. Reflects feminine power and intense emotions of pain/love. 

-The painting is about the void and voicelessness of womanhood. The life that comes FROM the womb rather than the womb itself.

-Shows the modern american ideal of the wild, uncontrolled natural. 

Dinner Party, Judy Chicago

1976-79 

-Speaks powerfully of the accomplishments of women through history

-Created to raise awareness of the contributions of women throughout history and to foster women's impowerment today.

-Triangular platform covered with tiles with 999 Notable women. 13 Place settings on each side that represent famous women and decorative motifs appropriate to that woman's time period.

-Plates with desigs of female genitalia because the one simliarity they had in common was their sex. 

A diverse and opposing collection of social theories, political movements and moral philosophies motivated by/concerning women.

(Most feminists concerned with the social, political, and economic inequalities between men and women and believe that gender is socially constructed rather than biological, not inherent.) 

1900-1920

Concerned with women's suffrage.

Slavery was abolished, making blacks and whites equal citizens they decided women should also be equal to men.

1960's and 70's

"burning bra era"

The personal is political: women concerned with social equality, reproductive rights and women's role in the home as well as the worl place. Much feminist art resulted from this period. 

ex. "Why have there been no great women artists?" was written under this idea. The article focused on one line of women and their relation to art rather than looking at different lines of women of other nationalities and races. 

1990s-Now

Concerned with global women's and human rights across the world. This wave points out that general statements cannot be made about the formation of women's art because not all women are the same and women's roles in different cultures have developed differently. 

ex. Judy Chicago, Dinner Party. 

A term that designates a kind of naturalism with a social or political message.

(This soon became synonomous with naturalism, losing it's didactic import.)

Ex. Rosa Bonheur, Plowing in the Nivernais: The dressing of vines

Generally devoted to subjects of leisure, the upper middle class and the city and countryside.

Characterised by very loose brushstrokes and bright, happy colors. Meant to capture the first "pure" glimpse of a scene, what it looks like rather than what the objects are. "An instantanious impression of a scene in nature." 

ex. Mary Cassatt, Woman in a loge 

The Gaze picasso places us in while looking at "les demoiselles."

Puts the viewer in the position of a male gazing upon a female image of desire, being tempted by sexual imagery. This is the way O'keefe's work was originally percieved but not the way she meant it to be. 

On the edge of cities, "suburban villa"

"Pleasure palace," party house (non-agricultural).

ex. Palladio, Villa Rotunda. 

Four books incorporating Palladio's study of Roman architecture first published in 1570 during the Palladian movement, dubbed "the bible" by Richard Boyle. Illustrates ancient roman buildings and reconstructions along with his own work.

 Baroque Genre's

-History Painting

-Portraiture (nobles)

Dealth with religious, mythical or noble subjects 

a period in the late 18th and 19th centuries when major changes in argiculture, manufacturing and transport. Sparked art movements that celebrated the engineering as well as the creations of nature reserves within cities.

England-2nd half of 8th c

France-after 1830

Germany-after 1850

US-after civil war, 1861-65 

Began in england in the 1740's. The movement in which learned admierers of noeo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval forms contrasting the popular classical styles. It had significant influence in the United kingdom.

ex. Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin, Houses of Parliament 

Medieval art movement that lasted about 200 years, beginning in the mid 12th century. Sculpture, panel painting, stained class and fresco were characteristic of this movement.

ex. used in gothic revival of Houses of Parliament. 

Popular architectural technique of the Industrial revolution. Steel was more lightweight and flexible and could allow buildings to be built much higher at a lower cost than stone.

ex. Houses of Parliament has steel frame (i think) 

1552 Self Portrait Sofonisba Anguissola

1560 Villa Rotunda