Term
|
Definition
| study of abnormal behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional distress or emotional pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders found only in particular cultures |
|
|
Term
| Different areas of Psychological Abnormalities |
|
Definition
Biological (chemical/genetic explanations)
Psychoanalytic (repressed conflicts)
Behaviorist( abnormal behavior learned)
Cognitive (irrational beliefs/illogical patterns of thought) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision
-manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) is a clinical syndrome present?
2) is a personality disorder or mental retardation present?
3) is a general medical condition also present?
4) Are psychosocial or environmental problems also present?
5) Whats the Global Assessment of this person's functioning? |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Mood disorders |
|
Definition
| depression, mania , bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness
-GAD, Panic disorder, Phobias, OCD, PTSD |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|
Definition
| disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom, along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts six months or more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity. Can be social phobia or specific phobias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of objects or specific situations or events |
|
|
Term
| Personality disorders and mental retardation fall under which Axis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying |
|
|
Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
|
Definition
| disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion) |
|
|
Term
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
|
Definition
| a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis
-example--> plant growing through cracks of sidewalk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to believe that one’s performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to give little or no importance to one’s successes or positive events and traits |
|
|
Term
| Biological Causes for Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
-Evolutionary basis for anxiety
-Chemical imbalances in the nervous system—in particular serotonin and GABA systems |
|
|
Term
| Anxiety that seems to have no real source, consists of excessive worrying, and is associated with physical symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, irritability, and sleeping problems is called: |
|
Definition
| Generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disorders in which mood is severely disturbed
-major depression, bipolar disorder and SAD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause
-Lasts 2 or more weeks
Presence of at least 5 of these symptoms:
depressed mood
markedly diminished interest/pleasure
significant weight loss or gain
insomnia or too much sleep
physical agitation or lethargy
fatigue or loss of energy
feeling worthless, excessive or inappropriate guilt
problems thinking, concentration, decision making
Recurrent thoughts death suicide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes (manic: having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability) |
|
|
Term
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) |
|
Definition
| a mood disorder caused by the body’s reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vicious cycle where stressful experiences>negative explanatory style>depressed mood>cognitive and behavioral changes>stressful experiences. |
|
|
Term
| biological Explanations for mood disorders |
|
Definition
hereditability and genetics
the function of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine systems in the brain |
|
|
Term
| Anorexia nervosa (anorexia) |
|
Definition
a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent or more below the ideal body weight occurs
http://www.youtube |
|
|
Term
| Bulimia nervosa (bulimia) |
|
Definition
| a condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging,” or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| significant binge eating followed by remorse but do not purge or fast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information |
|
|
Term
| depersonalization disorder |
|
Definition
| dissociative disorder in which sufferers feel detached and disconnected from themselves, their bodies, and their surroundings |
|
|
Term
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
|
Definition
| disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body |
|
|
Term
| Causes of Dissociative Disorders |
|
Definition
Psychoanalytic explanations point to repression of memories, seeing dissociation as a defense mechanism against anxiety.
Cognitive and behavioral explanations see dissociative disorders as a kind of avoidance learning.
Biological explanations point to lower than normal activity levels in the areas responsible for body awareness in people with dissociative disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia symptoms: Positive symptoms |
|
Definition
| presence of inappropriate behavior; hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate thinking & behavior and disorganized speech. |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia symptoms: Negative symptoms |
|
Definition
| absence of normal appropriate behavior; poor attention, flat affect, avolition (lack of motivation) and alogia (poverty of speech) |
|
|
Term
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| type of schizophrenia in which behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of schizophrenia in which the person experiences periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement and talking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| When schizophrenia is slow to develop (chronic) recovery is doubtful. Such schizophrenics usually displays negative symptoms. |
|
Definition
| When schizophrenia rapidly develops (acute) recovery is better. Such schizophrenics usually shows positive symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| Schizophrenia : explanation of causes |
|
Definition
Psychoanalytic theories see schizophrenia as resulting from a severe breakdown of the ego, which has become overwhelmed by the demands of the id and results in childish, infantile behavior.
Behaviorists focus on how reinforcement, observational learning, and shaping affect the development of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia.
Cognitive theorists see schizophrenia as severely irrational thinking.
Biological explanations focus on dopamine, structural defects in the brain, inflammation, and genetic influences in schizophrenia.
Stress-vulnerability model: explanation of disorder that assumes a biological sensitivity, or vulnerability, to a certain disorder that will develop under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions |
|
|
Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
| disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior |
|
|
Term
| borderline personality disorder |
|
Definition
| maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody and unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others |
|
|
