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| Erikson placed more emphasis on the ___ than Freud did |
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Definition
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| Erikson believed personality develops |
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Definition
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| From his early work and analysis with Anna Freud, Erikson was interested in |
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| psychoanalytic work with children |
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Term
| From his early work and analysis with Anna Freud, Erikson was interested in |
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Definition
| psychoanalytic work with children |
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Term
| Erikson noted identity confusion in his study of |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Erikson's theory differ from Freud's? |
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Definition
8 stages of life
psychosocial basis
and development across the lifespan |
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Term
| What is Erikson's epigenetic principle of maturation? |
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Definition
| development is determined by a combination of biological and social factors. |
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Term
| ERikson divided personality growth into |
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Definition
| eight stages from birth to death. |
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Term
| Adult personality as a prisoner of childhood was who's idea? |
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Definition
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| Erikson's ideas about childhood |
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Definition
-importance of learning and experience
-development extending into old age
-ability to remedy earlier problems in later development |
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Term
| Identity cohesion or role confusion appears at ages |
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Definition
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Term
| Intimacy versus isolation occurs at what ages |
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Definition
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| trust versus mistrust occurs at what ages |
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| Autonomy versus doubt and shame occurs at what age |
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Definition
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| Initiative versus guilt occurs at what age |
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Definition
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| Industriousness versus inferiority occurs at what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| the trust that may develop during the first year of life applies how |
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Definition
| to other people and to the self |
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Term
| Allport was the first psychologist to |
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Definition
| bring personality theory into the mainstream of scientific psychology. |
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Term
| Allport disagreed with Freud about the |
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Definition
dominance of unconscious forces
role of the past in controlling the present
continuity between normal and abnormal behavior |
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Term
| Allport emphasized the importance of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Allport's own childhood was characterized by a |
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Definition
| rejecting mother and therefore a feeling of isolation. |
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Term
| Allport believed that the existence of personality traits can be |
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Definition
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Definition
| shared by a number of people |
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Term
| The most pervasive and influential trait, operating like a ruling passion is the |
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Definition
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Term
| According to allport, attitudes |
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Definition
are difficult to distinguish from traits
always have specific objects of reference
and are either for or against something |
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Term
| Allprt believed that present behavior can best be explained in terms of |
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Definition
| conginitive processes and conscious intentions |
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Term
| Allport's concept of functional autonomy proposes that |
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Definition
| the motives of healthy adults owe more to the present than the past |
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Term
| According to Cattell, a valid personality theory should be able to |
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Definition
| predict behavior in a given situation |
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Term
| Cattell's theory originated in the |
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Definition
scientific setting
statistical setting
correlational factor analysis setting |
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Term
| Cattell did not care this type of setting in his practice |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| correlation between pairs of measurements |
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Term
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Definition
| correlation between pairs of measurements |
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Term
| In Cattell's system, the mental elements of personality are called |
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Definition
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Definition
relatively permanent reaction tendencies
basic units of personality
derived by factor analysis |
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Term
| Temperament traits describe a person's |
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Definition
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Term
| The 16 PF Test is widely used |
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Definition
| for personality research and for predicting occupational success |
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Term
| Cattell's research subjects were able to |
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Definition
produce life records
fill out questionaires
and take personality tests |
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Term
| Factor-analytic research has shown that partners in a stable marriage |
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Definition
| have highly similar personality traits |
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Term
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Definition
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| Abraham Maslow was associated with ___ psychology |
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Definition
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Term
| Humanistic psychologists criticized psychoanalysis for its emphasis on |
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Definition
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Term
| Maslow believed that psychologists should study |
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Definition
| the best examples of the human species |
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Term
| Maslow's approach to personality is based on his ideas about |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The key idea in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that |
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Definition
| higher needs do not appear until lower needs have been satisfied |
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Term
| Maslow believed that people are driven by |
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Definition
| one dominant need at a time |
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Term
| The esteem needs arise in |
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Definition
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Term
| Maslow called the higher needs |
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Definition
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Term
| People whose safety needs are unsatisfied prefer |
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Definition
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Term
| Rogers's personality theory is not in common with |
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Definition
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Term
| Rogers believed personality is influenced primarily by |
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Definition
| conscious rational factors |
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Term
| The tendency to actualize involves |
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Definition
| becoming fully functioning |
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Term
| Rogers's childhood was characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| Rogers's clinical experience while in academia was mostly with |
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Definition
| young, intelligent, highly verbal college students |
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Term
| Rogers believed that the tendency to actualize is |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are so many people unhappy? Rogers says it is because |
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Definition
| we have both a real self and an ideal self, and they are often in conflict |
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Term
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Definition
| had children who were likely to become fully functioning |
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Term
| Research on Rogers' person-centered therapy and on his main concepts tends to |
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Definition
| support both his therapy and many of his ideas |
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Term
| One of Rogers' greatest contributions was a counseling technique he called |
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Definition
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Term
| The major influence on contemporary personality theory is |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud's childhood relastionship with his mother may have led to his concept of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud's initial research interest was |
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Definition
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Term
| Recent findings on childhood sexual abuse show that it is |
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Definition
| far more common than once thought |
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Term
| Freud's own psychoanalysis was conducted by |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud's theory was formulated initially |
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Definition
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Term
| For Freud, the basic elements of personality are the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increase pleasure
avoid pain
and reduce tension |
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Term
| The task of the ego is to |
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Definition
| postpone, delay, or redirect id impulses |
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Term
| Fear of a tangible danger leads to |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurotic anxiety results from a conflict between |
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Definition
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Term
| Jung's view of personality differs Freud's in that Jung |
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Definition
| placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious |
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Term
| Jung's theory of personality differs sharply from Freud's concerning the importance of |
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Definition
| spirituality and religion |
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Term
| the greatest disagreement between Jung and Freud was over the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a broader and more generalized form of psychic energy |
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Term
| Jung's term for personality is |
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Definition
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Term
| Jung believed the principle of ___ was the motivator of all behavior and generator of all energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Jung regards the ego as the |
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Definition
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Term
| What applies to the mental attitudes of extraversion and introversion? |
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Definition
the nondominant attitude becomes part of the personal unconscious
one attitude becomes dominant
the dominant attitude directs the person's consciousness and behavior |
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Term
| Jung believed that complexes grew out of what |
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Definition
childhood experiences
adult experiences
ancestral experiences |
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Term
| The most uncusual and controversial aspect of Jung's system is the |
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Definition
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Term
| An early defector from Freud's psychoanalytic circle was |
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Definition
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Term
| Adler placed greater emphasis on____than Freud did |
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Definition
consciousness
social forces
the uniqueness of the individual |
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Term
| Adler's childhood is a good example of |
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Definition
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Term
| In Adler's view, inferiority feelings are |
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Definition
| a natural part of infancy |
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Term
| Adler defined the inferiority complex as an |
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Definition
| inability to compensate for normal inferiority feelins |
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Term
| Demosthenes stuttered and Theodore Roosevelt was sickly--two good examples of |
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Definition
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Term
| Trying to achieve perfection is what Adler meant by |
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Definition
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Term
| Striving for superiority, which Adler called the fundamental fact of life, is the |
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Definition
| innate drive toward wholeness and completion |
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Term
| Adler attempted to expain motivation in terms of |
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Definition
| expectations for the future |
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Term
| Once our style of life has been created, it will |
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Definition
| remain relatively constant throughout life |
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Term
| The most common style of life is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Horney strongly disagreed with Freud about |
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Definition
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Term
| Karen Horney incorporated her own childhood experience of__into her theory |
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Definition
| lack of love and rejection |
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Term
| What factor in Horney's childhood is reflected in her personality theory? |
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Definition
| fear that her father or mother did not want her |
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Term
| Horney agreed with Freud about the |
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Definition
| importance of the early childhood years in shaping personality |
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Term
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Definition
| experienced by all children |
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Term
| Horney believed the most harmful childhood experience is |
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Definition
| a lack of parental love and warmth |
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Term
| The more afraid a child is of his or her parents |
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Definition
| the more the child must repress hostility |
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Term
|
Definition
| the foundation of neurosis |
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Term
| The list of ten neurotic needs should cause you to worry if |
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Definition
| any of them becomes your only way of reducing basic anxiety |
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Term
| According to Horney, achievement is |
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Definition
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Term
| Murray's personality theory includes |
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Definition
the unconscious
the conscious
physiological factors |
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Term
| Murray agreed with Freud on |
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Definition
| tension reduction as a force in behavior |
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Term
| Murray obtained his data from |
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Definition
| empirical studies of normal persons |
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Term
| the theorist who exerted the greates personal influence on Murray was |
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Definition
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Term
| Murray's most enduring contribution to research is the |
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Definition
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
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Term
| Only near the end of his life did Murray reveal |
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Definition
| The importance of Christiana Morgan's contributions to his work |
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Term
| The ideal human condition is |
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Definition
| always to have a certain level of tension to reduce |
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Term
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Definition
| contains socially desirable as well as undesirable aspects |
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Term
| According to Murray, the formation of the superego takes place |
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Definition
| throughout a person's life |
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Term
|
Definition
| playing a more active role than Freud believed. |
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