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Film Terms
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65
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 2
10/13/2011

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Term
Tilt
Definition
a vertical movement, achieved by pivoting the camera upward or downward
Term
pan
Definition
a horizontal movement, achieved by pivoting the camera back and forth
Term
Crane
Definition
a vertical movement, achieved by raising or lowering the camera
on a linear path
Term
Tracking
Definition
a horizontal movement, achieved by moving the camera back
and forth along a linear path
Term
Zoom
Definition
changing the focal length of the camera; telephoto motion inward
or outward
Term
Dolly
Definition
an inward or outward position change of the camera on a dolly
Term
Extreme long shot
Definition
panoramic scope that encompasses vast landscapes or interiors
Term
Long shot
Definition
shows the subject’s entire body
Term
Medium long shot/”American” shot
Definition
subject is framed from the knees up
Term
Medium shot
Definition
subject is framed from the waist up
Term
Close shot/Close-up
Definition
shows the subject’s face or another key object
Term
Extreme close-up
Definition
shows a part of the subject’s face or a detail of an
object
Term
Long take
Definition
a shot length of several minutes or longer
Term
Medium take
Definition
a shot length of 30 seconds to a minute
Term
Short take
Definition
a shot length of several seconds
Term
Straight on/Perpendicular/90-degree shot
Definition
the camera is oriented at a right angle to the subject
Term
High/bird’s eye
Definition
the camera is oriented above the subject and looking down
Term
Low/worm’s eye
Definition
the camera is oriented below the subject and looking up
Term
Acute
Definition
the camera is oriented 30- to 90-degrees off the plane of action
Term
Canted/Dutch
Definition
the camera is oriented on a sideways tilt so that the horizon is no longer level
Term
Deep focus
Definition
objects close to and far away from the camera are equally in focus; allows for abundant detail
Term
Shallow focus
Definition
objects far away from the camera are out of focus
Term
Rack focus
Definition
the focus shifts from the foreground to the background or
from the background to the foreground
Term
Soft focus
Definition
: lens filters are used to soften the focus for a dreamy or romantic effect
Term
Master shot
Definition
the initial shot of scene that is used to establish spatial
relationships among characters, objects and setting before the scene is
broken into closer shots (aka Establishing Shot)
Term
Arc Shot
Definition
a shot in which the subject(s) is photographed by an encircling or moving camera.
Term
Insert shot
Definition
a close-up shot of a detail providing necessary narrative information
Term
Point-of-view shot
Definition
a shot showing the scene from the physical vantage point of a character
Term
Masking
Definition
Covering up or blocking out a portion of the frame with \
blackness. Common examples are an iris, or double-iris to suggest binoculars.
Term
Filter
Definition
glass, plastic, or gelatinous substance placed before or behind a
camera lens to change the effect and character of the lighting within the film's frame
Term
Cut
Definition
an immediate transition (the most common and usually “transparent”); a direct change from one shot to another
Term
Fade
Definition
a gradual transition to or from a shot, effected by an increase or decrease of light
Term
Dissolve
Definition
a transition between shots by superimposing the two fades
(overlapping them) so that one shot disappears at the same time the next shot is appearing
Term
Wipe
Definition
an optical process whereby the image of one shot appears to be pushing or wiping the preceding shot off the screen; a common device in
the 1930s and used in newer films to give them a deliberately “retro” feel
Term
Iris
Definition
a transition in which a circular masking of the camera lens contracts or expands
Term
Establishing Montage
Definition
: A series of shots establishing a larger context in which
a scene will take place (ie a series of shots of NY before a scene in an office).
Term
Rhythmic Editing
Definition
cutting with a sense of rhythm; refers to scenes whose
intense emotional impact and dynamic visual design are achieved through the
combination of many brief shots
Term
Accelerated Editing
Definition
a sequence edited into progressively shorter shots
to create a mood of tension or excitement
Term
Scene
Definition
usually a shot (or series of shots) that together comprise a single,
complete and unified dramatic event, action, unit, or element of film narration,
or block (segment) of storytelling within a film.
Term
Continuity Editing
Definition
the system of editing used and perfected in so-called classical Hollywood narrative films. It consists of a number of techniques that maintain spatial and temporal continuity even when the narrative moves between locations or eliminates long time intervals. Usually this technique is employed so that elisions in movement or time are not noticed or disruptive, enabling the spectator to concentrate on the narrative. The general effect of these techniques upon the audience is to direct the viewing experience and thus to manipulate emotional and intellectual responses
Term
Crosscutting
Definition
cutting back and forth between different scenes that are taking
place simultaneously (aka Intercutting or Parallel Editing).
Term
Ellipsis
Definition
the shortening of the plot duration of a film achieved by deliberately
omitting intervals or sections of the narrative story or action
Term
Eyeline-match
Definition
When a character looks off-screen, there will be a cut to show
what is being looked at—object view or another character. The ‘match’ will be
made by logically tracing the trajectory of the looking eye.
Term
Graphic match
Definition
when two successive shots are joined to emphasize a strong similarity of compositional elements (colors, shape, or motion that occurs in roughly the same position in the frame
Term
Insert Shot
Definition
: a shot that occurs in the middle of a larger scene or shot, usually a
close-up of some detail or object, that draws audience attention, provides
specific information, or simply breaks up the film sequence.
Term
Match-on-action
Definition
when an edit takes place in the middle of an action
Term
Screen Direction
Definition
refers to the direction that characters or objects are moving
in a film's scene or visual frame
Term
Shot-reverse-shot
Definition
the camera is focused on one character and then, after a cut,
it is focused another character; usually used during conversations between
characters (aka Shot-Countershot).
Term
Temporal overlap
Definition
when an action or shot is repeated from a different point of view
Term
180 Degree Rule
Definition
a screen direction rule that camera operators must remain on
one side of an imaginary line, known as the axis of action
Term
Soviet Montage
Definition
An approach to editing developed by filmmakers in the Soviet Union
in the 1920s. It emphasizes dynamic, often discontinuous, relationships between shots
and the juxtaposition of images. It’s primary focus was to engage with the viewer in an
intellectual manner
Term
Creative Geography
Definition
The creation of an artificial filmic landscape through
separates shots taken at different places and times.
Term
Subjective Time
Definition
When the time an action takes in the film does not
correspond to actual time, but is instead quicker or slower to evoke how long
such an action would feel to the character.
Term
Kuleshov Effect
Definition
A recognition that a shot’s meaning is not only dictated by
what it contains, but by its relationship to other adjacent shots
Term
Contrast Cut
Definition
A cut intended to deliberately break with continuity
Term
Intellectual Montage
Definition
The juxtaposition of a series of images to create an
abstract idea not present in any one image, often through the use of metaphor
(aka Ideological Montage
Term
Mise-en-scène
Definition
literally, French for “putting in the scene,” a term that describes everything within the shot, the aspects that are arranged or captured in front of the camera lens. It is the sum of all factors that create the artistic “look” or “feel” of a shot or scene.
Term
Diegetic
Definition
any voice, music or sound effect presented as originating from a source within the world described by the story
Term
Non-diegetic
Definition
any voice, music or sound effect that comes from beyond the story such as a voiceover or a musical soundtrack
Term
Synchronous
Definition
sound recorded during the making of the film
Term
Non-synchronous
Definition
sound that is recorded in post-production
Term
Leitmotif
Definition
a recurring musical phrase associated with a particular person, place
or idea.
Term
Sonic flashback
Definition
when a diegetic sound identifiable from an earlier part of the story is heard during a later scene, often conveying a memory
Term
Sound bridge
Definition
when the sound from one scene carries over into the beginning of a subsequent scene
Term
Contrapuntal Sound:
Definition
Sound used in counterpoint, or contrast, to the image; opposite of direct sound, in which the sound is recorded simultaneously with the image.
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