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| Mis-en-Scene & its 4 elements |
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Definition
| Everything in the frame; Setting, Costume & make up, Production design, Lighting |
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| The language of film; use of shots, angles, etc. to communicate ideas |
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| "Narrative as a Formal System" - definition of Narrative |
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Definition
| Chain of events in cause and effect relationship occurring in time & space |
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| An object that represents something associated with it (i.e. replacing a "queen" with "crown") |
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| An event we see that relates to something that is absent (i.e. to represent that 2 people are kissing, the film shows two bumble bees nuzzling together) |
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| reduplication of images (i.e. a film within a film) |
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| all events in narrative, including what's explicitly stated & inferences, considered diegesis |
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| Everything visually and audibly presented to us |
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| Events within the story of the film (a character playing piano or a CD) |
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| Not within the world of the story, i.e. credits & composed music |
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| A shot & the objects in it, what's shown |
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| Meaning of the things in the shot to us & the story |
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| Rules of narrative for each genre, change overtime |
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| Causes often originate from characters, sometimes films presents causes w/o effects & vice versa (i.e. A character trait established early in the film is used later in the film) |
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| Viewer's attempt to fit things into chronological order |
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| Use of flashbacks & forwards, gives emphasis out of order (i.e. Pulp Fiction) |
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| Short (1 day) or long (week(s)), screen duration, plot duration |
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| Common: 1 event happens once, BUT can happen 2x or 3x |
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| The plot's way of distributing story information in order to achieve specific effects, moment-by-moment process that guides us in building the story out of the plot |
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| We know everything that's going on from all perspectives, very little is left out |
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| We only get one characters point of view (i.e. Momento) |
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| Genre within a genre (i.e. gangster films within crime films) |
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| Closed ending, consistent reality, linear time |
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| Minimalist, open ending, internal conflict, passive protagonist |
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Definition
| antistructure, coincidence, nonlinear time, inconsistent reality |
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Definition
| Ratio btwn width & height of screen; common 1:85:1 |
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Term
| "Film Genre & the Genre Film" by Thomas Schatz - Genre as Static & Dynamic systems |
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Definition
| Static: certain codes that don't change for long periods of time, historical; Dynamic: Involves a lot of communication from the audience, people can do alterations of a genre |
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Definition
| focal length a lens can provide/opening in lens |
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| The amt of distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp focus in a photograph (i.e. deep focus: all planes are in sharp focus) |
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Definition
| Way subjects & objects are framed produces certain meanings |
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Term
| When was the first photograph & who created it? |
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Definition
| 1826; Joseph Nicephore Niepce |
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Term
| What is the Zoetrope? Where is it from? When was it created? |
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Definition
| Figures made to revolve on the inside of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its circumference, appear like a single figure passing through a series of natural motions as if animated or mechanically moved; China; 180 A.D. |
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| Who created the animal locomotion (horse) with his several cameras to capture motion? When? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who perfected the 1st motion picture ? What did they think of motion pictures? |
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Definition
| Lumiere Bros 1895; They didn't see commercial value in them |
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Term
| What are the 4 elements of celluloid film? |
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Definition
| Emulsion: thin gelatin; adhesive; supercoat; base |
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Definition
| Script, deciding on mood & filming locations of film btwn producer & director; hiring talent |
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| editing, voice overs, etc. |
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| 4 aspects of narrative as cognition |
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Definition
| Filters stimuli, Uses cause & effect to create meaning, Anticipation, expectations |
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Definition
| Oral ballad, Music, Print, Visual |
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Term
| Narrative Transmissions (5) |
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Definition
| History, Ideology, Identity, Rules/Norms, Culture |
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| Gaps in the story that aren't in the film, left out details, often characterized by a black out then cut to a new event |
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| Repeatedly connects story, Frames the narrative (i.e. Rose telling the story of Titanic) |
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Term
| What is the screenplay in relation to film? |
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Definition
| The map; Gives a lot of the responsibility to the director & producer |
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Definition
| Direct image/representation/Physically shows objects within story |
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Definition
| The story the film tells directly; fictional world |
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| What is the three-act structure? |
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Definition
| 1. Set up 2. Confrontation 3. Resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Dramatic Premise, Setting & Period, Story Values, Conflict |
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Definition
| 1. Blueprint for film makers to use 2. Structure 3. Label for industry to distribute films as a product 4. Contract w/ viewer to meet expectations |
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Definition
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| Stars (i.e. George Clooney) |
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Definition
| An event/object in the film represents something that will happen (i.e. shadow = killer coming, clouds = storm) |
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Definition
| Object represents something else (i.e. cross = christians) |
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Term
| Common film formats/Gauges (4) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is better & how: High definition or Digital Cinema? |
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Definition
| High def b/c it's a newer innovation & has better sensitivity, contrast, & color gamut; 1920x1080 pixels (digital: 5000x2800 pixels) |
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Term
| What are 4 of the editor's concerns? |
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Definition
| Narrative Structure, Performance, Character, Audience |
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| 1. Emotion 2. Story 3. Rhythm 4. Eye Trace 5. 1-D plane 6. 3-D plane |
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Definition
| smooth, even, hill-ish, up and down wave |
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| unpredictable, up and down wave |
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Term
| What 3 steps does the sound envelope consist of? |
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Definition
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| Quality; distinguishes one sound from another (i.e. voice vs. an instrument) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 aspects of sound? |
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Definition
| Timbre, Loudness, Pitch, Harmonics, Rhythm |
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Term
| Altman Sound Terminology: Sound Event |
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Definition
| Physical production of sound (i.e. on set) |
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Definition
| Interpretation; How this sound effects the story being told |
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Definition
| Recording & storing the sound |
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Definition
| Playback (i.e. in the theater) |
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Term
| How is sound different than picture? (3) |
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Definition
| Multi-sensorial, Simultaneous, Off-screen Space |
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Term
| Stems of sound in film (3) |
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Definition
| Dialogue, Music, Sound Effects |
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Definition
| Object that makes/creates sound; Usually the actor |
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| 3 types of sound in narrative cinema |
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Definition
| realism, hyper-realism, surrealism |
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Term
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Definition
| forced perspective, double exposure, reversed film, extreme depth of field, stop-shot, rear projection |
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Term
| Classical Hollywood Cinema |
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Definition
| Characters cause events/Desire motivates them/They want change |
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Term
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Definition
| familiar characters, setting, and attitudes that audience expects to see in a certain genre of film |
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Term
| Material Economy & Narrative Economy |
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Definition
| Material economy forced studios to change their formulas/translated into the narrative economy in a good way |
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Definition
| tiny, light sensitive, a film can choose to be grainy or less grainy |
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Definition
| dull, muted, pale. lack of energy |
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Term
| Hard light vs. Soft light |
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Definition
| Unflattering vs. Flattering |
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Definition
| Key light: one light source or subject/Fill: Balances key light/Back light: behind |
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Definition
| Can smoothly change from wide-angle to telephoto |
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Definition
| lightweight frame, torsion arm, camera, small TV monitor, allows easy movement for film maker |
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Definition
| Editor has to listen to the directors ideas and work off of them and expand them, sometimes the other way around |
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Term
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Definition
| Shouldn't always listen to audiences in these test screenings because they need time for the film to settle; gives new perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple; Cut to person speaking; Boring now; was revolutionary then |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. suggest a mood 2. set pace/location/time 3. plot 4. character development 5. Make connections 6. Heighten or diminish realism or ambiguity 7. Attention to detail 8. Transitions/Changes |
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