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Film as Art Mid-Term Review
The terms needed for mid-term exam
44
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2011

Additional Film, Theatre & Television Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Deep Focus
Definition
Using the short-focal-length lens to capture deep-space composition and its illusion of depth. Does not focus on a particular point.
Term
High Angle
Definition
A shot that is made with the camera above the action and that typically implies the observer's sense of superiority to the subject being photographed. 
Term
Low Shot
Definition
A shot that is made with the camera below the aciton and that tyupically places the observer in a position of inferiority.
Term
Dutch-angle shot; oblique-angle shot; canted shot
Definition
A shot in which the camera is tilted from its normal horizontal an dvertical positions so tha tit is no longer straight, giving the viewer the impression that the world in the frame is out of balance.
Term
Bird's-Eye angle; Aerial-View shot
Definition
An omniscient-point-of-view shot that is taken from an aircraft or extremely high crane and implies that the observer can see all. 
Term
Pan
Definition
The horizontal movement of a camera mounted on the gyroscopic head of a stationary tripod; like the tilt shot, the pan shot is a simple movement with dynamic possibilities for creating meaning. 
Term
Tilt
Definition
The vertical movement of a camera mounted on the gyroscopic head of a stationary tripod. Like the pan shot, the tilt shot is a simple movement with dynamic possibilities for creating meaning.
Term
Tracking Shot; Dolly shot; Traveling shot
Definition
A shot taken by a camera fixed to a wheeled support called a dolly. When the dolly runs on tracks(or when the camera is mounted to a cran or an aerial device such as an airplane, a helicopter, or a balloon) the shot is called a tracking shot.
Term
Crane Shot
Definition
A shot that is created by movement of a cambera mounted on an elevating arm (crane) that, in turn, is mounted on a vehicle that, if shooting requires it, can move on its own power or be pushed along tracks. 
Term
Steadicam
Definition
A camera suspended from an articulated arm tha tis attaced to a vest strapped to the cameraperson's body, permitting the operator to remain steady during "handheld" shots. The Steadicam removes jumpiness and is now often used for smooth, fast, and intimate camera movement.
Term
Zoom (in/out)
Definition
A shot in which the image is magnified/decreased* by movement of the cabera's lens only, without the camera itself moving. *the essential difference between the zoom and the dolly
Term
P.O.V. (point of view) Shot
Definition
The position from which a film presents the acitons of the story; not only the relation of the narrator(s) to the story but also the camera's act of seeing an dhearing. The two fundamental types of cinematic POV are omniscient and restricted
Term
Sound Design
Definition
A state-of-the-art concept, pioneered by director Francis Ford Coppola and film editor Walter Murch, combining the crafts of editing and mixing and, like them, involving both theoretical and practical issues. In essence, sound design represents advocacy for movie sound (to counter some people's tendency to favor the movie image).
Term
Editing
Definition
The process by which the editor combines and coordinates individual shots into a cinematic whole; the basic creative force of cinema
Term
Mixing
Definition
The process of combining different sound tracks onto one composite sound track that is synchronous with the picture. 
Term
3 Stages of Production
Definition

1. Preproduction

2. Production

3. Postproduction

Term
Preproduction
Definition
The initial, planning-and-preparation stage of the production process.
Term
Postproduction
Definition
The third stage of the production process, consisting of editing, preparing the final print, and briging the film to the public (marketing and distribution). 
Term
Production
Definition
The second stage of the production process, the actual shooting. 
Term
Foley Effects/Sound
Definition
A sound belonging to a special category of sound effects, invented in the 1930s by Jack Foley, a sound technician at Universal Studios. Technicians known as Foley artists create these sounds in specially equipped studios, where they use a variety of props and other equipment to simulate sounds such as footsteps in the mud, jingling car keys, or cutlery hitting a plate. 
Term
Diegesis
Definition
The total world of a story - the events, characters, objects, setting, and sound - that helps form the world in which the story occurs.
Term
Diegetic Sound
Definition
Sound that originates from a source within a film's world. 
Term
Nondiegetic element
Definition
Something that we see and hear on the screen that comes from outside the world of the story (including bacground music, titles and credits, and voice-over narration). 
Term
Nondiegetic Sound
Definition
Sound that originates from a source outside a film's world.
Term
Continuity Editing
Definition
A style of editing that seeks to achieve logic, smoothness, sequential flow, and the temporal and spatial orientation of viewers to what they see on the screen. Continuity editing ensures the flow from shot to shot; creates a rhythm based on the relationship btwn cinematic space and cinematic time; creates filmic unity (beginning, middle, and end); and establishes and resolves a problem. In short, continuity editing tells a story as clearly and coherently as possible. 
Term
Sound Bridge
Definition
Linking shots in a montage through sound.
Term
Montage
Definition
1. In France, the word for editing, from the verb monter, "to assemble or put together." 2. In the former Soviet Union in the 1920s, the various forms of editing that expressed ideas developed by theorists and filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein. 3.In Hollywood, beginning in the 1930s, a sequence of shots, often with superimpositions and optical effects, showing a condensed series of events.
Term
Eye-line match cut
Definition
A match cut that joins shot A (often a point-of-view shot of a character looking offscreen in one direction) and shot B (the person or object that the character is seeing). 
Term
Shot/Reverse Shot
Definition
One of the most prevalent an dfamiliar of all editing patterns, consisting of parallel editing (crosscutting) between shots of different characters, usually in a conversation or confrontation. When used in continuity editing, the shots are typically framed over each character's shoulder to preserve screen direction
Term
Superimposed Images
Definition
Placing an image on top of another.
Term
Fade (in/out/to black)/Dissolve/Wipe
Definition
Trasitional devices in which --a shot fades in from a black field on black-and-white film or from a color field on color film, or fades out to a black field (or a color field). --shot B, superimposed, gradually appears over shot A and begins to replace it at midpoint in the transition. Dissolves usually indicate the passing of time.
Term
Framing: symmetrical/asymmetrical composition
Definition
A still photograph that, recorded in rapid succession with other still photographs, creates a motion picture. 
Term
PAN & SCAN vs. Widescreen (letterbox)
Definition
Pan&Scan is cropping and re-editing a movie to fit a square screen. Widescreen is seeing the movie with the black bars on it (as the director intended)
Term
180-degree rule (system)
Definition
The fundamental means by which filmmakers maintain consistent screen direction, orienting the viewer and ensuring a sense of the cinematic space in which the actions occurs. The system assumes 3 things: a. the action within a scene will always advance along a straight line, either from left to right or from right to left of the frame; b. the camera will remain consistently on one side of that action; and c. everyone on the production set will understand and adhere to this system
Term
Aspect Ratio (OAR and MAR)
Definition

Aspect ratio defines the length compared to the height. For example- 1.33:1 means the lenght is 1/3 times bigger than the height OAR is the original Aspect Ratio.

MAR: Modified Aspect Ratio

Term

Narrative Structure

-Casual (linear)

-Non-linear

-Flashback

-Flashforward

Definition

How the story is told

-events follow a specific timeline linearly 

-events do not follow a timeline

-Going to past events

-Going to events in the future

Term

Hays Production Code

5 Don'ts 

Definition

-No sympathy for those who committ crimes, wrongdoing, evil, or sin. 

-Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed

-No illegal drug traffic

-No liquor

Term
3 point lighting system
Definition
Perhaps the best-known lighting convention in feature filmmaking, a system that employs three sources of light--key light, fill light, and backlight--each aimed from a different direction and position in relation to the subject
Term
Musical
Definition
Telling a story using characters that express themselves with song and/or dance. 
Term
Western
Definition
Term
Western
Definition
A form of modern mythology that offers narrative representations of Americans as rugged, self-sufficient individuals taming a savage wilderness with common sense and direct action. 
Term
Film Noir
Definition
A dark, edgy, cynical genre in outlook, tone, and style. 
Term
Slapstick
Definition
Comedy involving very physical comedy. 
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