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Film 50: The Child in Cinema
UC Berkeley Film 50
87
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 1
03/12/2009

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Term
continuity editing
Definition
the system of joining shots together to create the illusion of a continuous and clear narrative action
Term
movement match
Definition
in this type of shot a movement or gesture of a character begun in one shot appears to be seamlessly continued in the next
Term
direction match
Definition
in this type of shot the direction in which a person or object is moving is consistent across the splice
Term
eyeline match
Definition
the glances of characters in separate shots seem to meet
Term
shot/reverse shot
Definition
shots alternate between two characters often in conversation; over the shoulder framings are often used
Term
axis match
Definition
the angle from which the camera shoots the action remains the same from shot to shot
Term
position match
Definition
the position of an object or person remains in the same area of the frame from shot to shot
Term
graphic match
Definition
any juxtaposition of graphically similar images
Term
rhythmic match
Definition
any juxtaposition of images with actions moving at similar rates or speeds
Term
jump cut
Definition
a continuity mismatch in which the rules of continuity are violated often resulting in the disorientation of the spectator
Term
iris-in
Definition
a shot found most often in silent films that opens from darkness in an expanding circle of light
Term
fade-in
Definition
a shot that begins in darkness and gradually brightens
Term
dissolve
Definition
the superimposition of the end of one shot onto the beginning of the next
Term
lap dissolve
Definition
a dissolve in which the superimposition of the two images lingers often to make a point about the relation of the two shots
Term
wipe
Definition
in its simplest form, a vertical line moves across the screen removing the contents of the last shot and replacing it with the next
Term
point of view shot (eyeline shot)
Definition
the shot that immediately follows a shot in which we see a character looking at something offscreen or beyond the borders of the frame
Term
reaction shot
Definition
a shot following the POV shot revealing the reaction of the character from whose point of view we were looking
Term
cross-cut
Definition
a cut to another scene or line of action that is usually spatially remote from the original line or action but which seems to be happening simultaneously in time
Term
contrast cut
Definition
cutting back and forth btwn two contrasting actions so that one action strengthens the audience response to the other
Term
associational cut
Definition
a cut made for symbolic purposes to an object which is not present in the world of the films story
Term
flashback/forward
Definition
a cut which takes the action to a prior or future time in the plot
Term
close up
Definition
a shot taken very close to a subject so that it fills most of the frame
Term
big close up
Definition
a shot so close it shows detail only or only a very close view of the object itself
Term
medium close up
Definition
a shot framing the human subject from the level of the midchest up
Term
medium shot
Definition
a shot framing the human figure from the waist up
Term
medium long shot
Definition
frames the body from the knees up
Term
full shot
Definition
the body appears in its entirety, approximately equal to the height of the screen
Term
long shot
Definition
the human character appears shorter than the height of the screen and a fair amount of setting is encompassed
Term
extreme long shot
Definition
the human subject is tiny in relation to the size of the screen
Term
establishing shot
Definition
usually a long shot used near the beginning of a sequence used to establish the setting or the position of people or objects so that the viewer remains oriented when the sequence is later broken down
Term
pan
Definition
the camera rotates from a fixed position along a horizontal plane
Term
swish pan
Definition
a very fast pan that makes action appear blurred
Term
tilt
Definition
the camera rotates from a fixed position through a vertical plane
Term
traveling shot
Definition
the camera and whatever it is mounted on moves as it photographs the action
Term
crane shot
Definition
a shot taken from a crane specially constructed for the camera
Term
straight on/eye level
Definition
the camera is located at eye level in relation to the subject
Term
high angle/angle down
Definition
the camera is positioned above the subject and shoots down at it
Term
low angle/angle up
Definition
the camera is positioned below the subject
Term
dutch angle
Definition
the camera is tilted so that the frame is not parallel to the horizon
Term
normal lens
Definition
produces an image with perspective that seems comparable to that seen by the human eye
Term
wide angle lens
Definition
gives a wider angle of vision than a normal lens
Term
fish eye lens
Definition
an extreme wide angle lens that distorts the image so straight lines appear bent or bowed near the edge of the frame
Term
telephoto lens
Definition
enlarges or magnifies distant planes making them seem close to the foreground
Term
zoom lens
Definition
a lens that can be changed gradually during a shot going from wide angle to telephoto or vice versa
Term
deep focus
Definition
all objects from close foreground to distant background are seen in sharp definition
Term
soft focus
Definition
the foreground is in sharp focus while the background appears diffuse and hazy
Term
rack focus
Definition
a shot during which the focus changes bringing certain objects in and out of focus
Term
three point lighting
Definition
associated with the classic hollywood style, uses a key, fill, and back light
Term
key light
Definition
brightest and primary light source of an image which casts the dominant shadows
Term
fill light
Definition
light which fills in to eliminate shadows created by the key light
Term
backlight
Definition
illumination coming from behind the objects photographed outlining or highlighting contours of the figure
Term
high key lighting
Definition
bright, even illumination with low contrast and few conspicuous shadows
Term
low key lighting
Definition
general low level of illumination with high contrast atmospheric pools of light
Term
composition
Definition
the significant graphic characteristics of a shot (as in lines, positioning and framing)
Term
symbolism
Definition
any element of a shot that seems to stand for more than its literal definition
Term
diegetic sound
Definition
sound whose source comes from within the imaginary world of the film
Term
nondiegetic sound
Definition
sound coming from the space outside the narrative
Term
internal diegetic sound
Definition
sound coming from the mind of the character that we can see or hear but other characters cannot
Term
metadiegetic
Definition
the source of the sound is diegetic but it is distorted to heighten the dramatic effect for the spectator
Term
on-screen sound
Definition
the source of the sound is present within the shot
Term
off-screen sound
Definition
diegetic sound that comes from beyond he frame
Term
parallel
Definition
sound which complements the image
Term
counterpoint
Definition
sound which goes counter to the image
Term
sonic texture
Definition
significant variations or effects achieved through the loudness of the soundtrack or characterization achieved through voice pitch, timber, or dialect
Term
mise-en-scene
Definition
means putting into the scene; the act of staging all the events for the camera
Term
cinematography
Definition
literally, writing in movement
Term
exposure
Definition
the regulation of how much light passes through the camera lens
Term
filters
Definition
slices of glass or gelatin put in front of the lens to reduce certain frequencies of light reaching the film
Term
aspect ratio
Definition
ratio of the frame width to height
Term
sound bridge
Definition
sound from one scene lingers briefly while the image is already present in the next scene
Term
8 1/2
Definition
Federico Fellini
Italy
1963
Term
Window Water Baby Moving
Definition
Stan Brakhage
USA
1959
Term
Edison and Lumiere Shorts
Definition
USA
1895-1898
Term
Great Train Robbery
Definition
Edwin S. Porter
USA
1903
Term
Birth of a Nation
Definition
DW Griffith
USA
1915
Term
The Kid
Definition
Charlie Chaplin
USA 1921
Term
Where are my children?
Definition
Lois Weber
USA
1916
Term
Odessa Steps Sequence from The Battleship Potemkin
Definition
Sergei Eisenstein
USSR
1925
Term
Metropolis
Definition
Fritz Lang
Germany
1927
Term
I Was Born But...
Definition
Yasujiro Ozu
Japan
1932
Term
Meet Me In St. Louis
Definition
Vincente Minnelli
USA
1946
Term
Shadow of a Doubt
Definition
Alfred Hitchcock
USA
1943
Term
The Bicycle Thief
Definition
Vittorio de Sica
Italy
1948
Term
Aparajito
Definition
Satyajit Ray
India
1956
Term
Les Quatre Cent Coups (The 400 Blows)
Definition
Francois Truffaut
France
1959
Term
Mouchette
Definition
Robert Bresson
France
1967
Term
three types of musical
Definition
folk, fairy tale and backstage musicals
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