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film 20a midterm
a
259
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 2
11/08/2014

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Term
film culture
Definition
social/historical environment permeated with/defined by certain ideas, values, and expectations about movies
Term
experiential circumstances
Definition
material conditions that define our identity at a certain time and in a certain place
-ex. age, gender, socioeconomic/linguistic background, location, etc
Term
experiential histories
Definition
personal/social encounters through which we have developed our identities over time
-ex. education, relationships, travels, etc
Term
treatment
Definition
(script)
short prose description of the action and minor characters
Term
script doctor
Definition
called in to do rewrites of the script
Term
producer
Definition
oversees all the different operations in putting a film together
Term
executive produceer
Definition
may be connected to a film primarily in name (plays a role in financing a film deal)
-little creative/technical involvement
Term
line producer
Definition
in charge of the daily business of tracking costs/maintaining the production schedule of a film
Term
unit production manager
Definition
responsible for reporting and managing the details of receipts/purchases
Term
above-the-line expenses
Definition
initial costs of contracting the major personnel (directors/stars/etc) and administrative/organizational expenses in setting up a production
Term
below-the-line expenses
Definition
technical/material costs (costumes/sets/transportation/etc) involved in the actual making of the film
Term
production values
Definition
demonstrates how the quality of the films' images and sounds reflect the extent of the 2 expenses (above/below the line)
Term
package unit approach
Definition
agent/producer/casting director determine script, stars, other personnel as first major key
Term
location scouting
Definition
determines places that provide the most suitable environment for different movie scenes
Term
art directors
Definition
individuals responsible for supervising the conception and construction of movie sets (with set designers)
Term
production designer
Definition
person in charge of the film's overall look
Term
production sound mixer
Definition
(sound crew)
Term
grips
Definition
installs lighting and dollies
Term
dailies
Definition
footage shot that day
Term
selects
Definition
takes suggested for the finished film
Term
wrap
Definition
end of the production
Term
principal photography
Definition
after which is post-production
Term
soundstages
Definition
large soundproof buildings
Term
types of props:
Definition
-instrumental
-metaphorical
-cultural
-contextualized
Term
instrumental props
Definition
objects displayed and according to their common function
-knife in a cooking movie
Term
metaphorical prop
Definition
objects reinvented or employed for an unexpected purpose
-knife as a murder weapon in a horror movie
Term
cultural props
Definition
objects that carry meanings associated with their place in a particular society
-ex. herbie the love bug of the 70s in herbie:fully loaded
Term
character actor
Definition
recognizable actors associated with particular character types
Term
types of makeup:
Definition
-scenic realism
-character highlights
-narrative markers
-part of overall production design
Term
makeup for scenic realism
Definition
they reproduce as accurately as possible the clothing/facial features of people living in a specific time/place
Term
makeup for scenic realism
Definition
they reproduce as accurately as possible the clothing/facial features of people living in a specific time/place
Term
makeup for character highlights
Definition
they draw out or point to important parts of a character's personality
Term
makeup for narrative highlights
Definition
their change or lack of change becomes a crucial way to understand and follow a character/development of a story
Term
directional lighting
Definition
may create the impression of natural lighting but actually directs light in ways that define the thing being illuminated
Term
chiaroscuro lighting
Definition
a pictorial arrangement of light and dark to create certain atmospheres
Term
movie spectaculars
Definition
films where the magnitude/intricacy of the MES share equal emphasis or outshine the story/actors/etc
-sublime/epics
Term
sublime movie spectacular
Definition
power of the scenes/places to dizzy the human mind before their amazing size/beauty
Term
exhibitors
Definition
own theaters/chains and make decisions about programming/local promotion
Term
spatial frameworks
Definition
physical environment in which we view a movie
-theater, home, plane, room, etc
Term
temporal frameworks
Definition
when we watch a movie and the duration of the experience
Term
technological frameworks
Definition
technology through which we see a movie
Term
multiplex
Definition
integrating a choice of moviegoing experiences with an outing to a mall
Term
cinematography
Definition
motion-picture photography
-"writing in movement"
Term
apparent motion
Definition
the incremental differences among sequential still images perceived as we process actual motion
Term
block-booking
Definition
studios selling films in packages to theaters
Term
platforming
Definition
releasing a film in gradually widening markets/theaters to build a reputation/momentum
Term
window
Definition
period of time before its broadcast/cable premiere (~3-6 months)
Term
day-and-date release
Definition
simultaneous release strategy across several media
Term
cultural promotion
Definition
academic/journalistic accounts that discuss/value films as especially important
Term
media convergence
Definition
coordinating/merging of media across platforms
Term
star system
Definition
using well-known actors as an advertising vehicle
Term
viral marketing
Definition
process of advertising that relies on social networks/word of mouth
Term
high concept
Definition
attempts to sell a movie through its main marketing features (stars, genre, etc)
Term
exploitation film
Definition
made to 'exploit' sensational/topical subjects for profit
Term
shock cut
Definition
juxtaposes 2 images whose dramatic difference creates a jarring visual effect
Term
iris-in
Definition
expands to reveal image
Term
iris-out
Definition
gradually closes in on image
Term
verisimilitude
Definition
allows readers/viewers to accept a fictional representation as plausible
Term
continuity style
Definition
dialogue/mes/cinematography/sound to ENHANCE verisimilitude
Term
continuity editing
Definition
system that uses cuts/transitions to establish verisimilitude to tell stories efficiently with minimal effort on the part of the viewer
-180 degree rule
-approximating real time
Term
30 degree rule
Definition
one shot must be followed by another shot taken from a position greater than 30 degrees
Term
narrative frequency
Definition
certain events are narrated more than once
Term
ellipses
Definition
allows for a significant temporal abridgment
Term
cutaway
Definition
film interrupts an action to 'cut away' to another image/action
Term
overlapping editing
Definition
extension of time with repetition of an action in several cuts
Term
sequence shot
Definition
an entire scene plays out in one take
Term
graphic editing
Definition
linking/defining shots --> formal patterns
Term
match on action
Definition
direction of an action is edited to a shot depicting the continuation of that action
Term
rhythmic editing
Definition
organization of editing according to different paces/tempos via how quickly cuts are made
Term
scene
Definition
one or more shots that describe a CONTINUOUS SPACE/TIME/ACTION
Term
sequence
Definition
any number of shots that are unified as a coherent action/identifiable motif (regardless of changes in space/time)
Term
continuity script
Definition
cues in MES/cinematography/etc that make sure to stay in continuity style
Term
analytic editing
Definition
editing a scene in service of narrative continuity/clarity
-ex. establishing shot --> shot/reverse shot
Term
disjunctive editing
Definition
"discontinuity within continuity"
makes a definitive break from cutting, based on how people perceive the world
Term
distanciation
Definition
critical attitude adopted by the viewer when he/she is made aware of how the work of art is put together
Term
jump cut
Definition
(distanciation)
interrupts a particular action and creates discontinuities in the spatial/temporal development of shots
Term
montage
Definition
aim is to grab viewers' attention through collision
-dialectical
Term
dialectical montage
Definition
2 shots linked opposed to create a greater visual concept
Term
modernism
Definition
fragmentation of time/space
Term
narratology
Definition
study of narrative structure, plots proceed through a fairly limited number of actions and functions
Term
classical film narrative
Definition
one action/event leads/"causes" another
Term
character coherence
Definition
product of different psychological/historical that we see people and thus characters in fictional narratives, as fundamentally consistent and unique
Term
character values
Definition
character coheres in it abstract values
Term
character actions
Definition
character acts out a logical relation between his/her implied inner/mental life and visible actions
Term
character behaviors
Definition
character reflects social/historical assumptions about normal/abnormal behavior
Term
divided characters
Definition
subverts 1 or more patterns of coherence (may be done intentionally to challenge viewers' sympathies/understanding)
Term
character grouping
Definition
social arrangements of characters in relation to each other
Term
figurative types (of characters)
Definition
characters so exaggerated/reduced that they no longer seem realistic and more like abstractions
Term
character development
Definition
the patterns through which characters move from one mental/physical/social state to another in a particular film
-external/internal/progressive/regressive
Term
deadline structure
Definition
adds to tension/excitement of plot, accelerating action toward a central event
Term
parallel plot
Definition
refers to implied simultaneity of 2 different plot lines
Term
types of locations
Definition
historical
ideological
psychological
symbolic
Term
historical location
Definition
recognized marker of a historical setting to carry meanings/connotations important to narrative
Term
ideological location
Definition
a narrative that describes spaces/places inscribed with distinctive social values/ideologies
Term
psychological location
Definition
film narrative that suggests an important correlation between a characters' state of mind and place they inhabit
Term
symbolic space
Definition
space transformed through spiritual/other abstract means related to the narrative
Term
narrative frame
Definition
describes a context/person positioned outside the story to bracket the films' narrative to help define its term/meanings
Term
reflexive narration
Definition
movies that call attention to the narrative POV in order to complicate/subvert own narrative authority
Term
postclassical narrative
Definition
came after WWII and strained but maintained the classical formula for coherent characters/plots
Term
alternative film narrative
Definition
1) deviates from/challenges the linearity of the classical narrative
2) undermines the centrality of a main character
3) questions the objective realism of classical narration
Term
formalism
Definition
method of analysis that considers a film's FORM/STRUCTURE to be PRIMARY
-close readings/textual analysis/codes
Term
realism
Definition
relates to mimesis (imitation of reality) in the arts
Term
metteur en scene
Definition
label conveys only technical competence without a strong creative vision
Term
structuralism
Definition
an approach to linguistics and anthropology that looks for common structures rather than originality
Term
contemporary film theory
Definition
semiotics/signs
Term
synchronous sound (onscreen sound)
Definition
visible onscreen source
Term
asynchronous sound (offscreen source)
Definition
no visible onscreen source
Term
parallelism
Definition
when soundtrack and image "say the same thing"
Term
counterpoint
Definition
when 2 different meanings are implied by sound and image
Term
diegetic sound
Definition
its source is in the narrative world of the film --> visible onscreen source
Term
nondiegetic sound
Definition
does not belong in the narrative world
Term
source music
Definition
diegetic music (like a shot of a band performing)
-not background music
Term
sound recording
Definition
takes place simultaneously with the filming of a scene
Term
clapboard
Definition
snapped as slate is filmed at recording
Term
direct sound
Definition
sound captured directly from the source
Term
reflected sound
Definition
captured as sounds bounce from walls/ set
Term
production mixer
Definition
combines these different sources during filming, adjusted their relative volume/balance
Term
sound editing
Definition
interacts with the image track to create rhythmic relationships, establish connections between sound and onscreen sources, and smooth/mark transitions
Term
sound bridge
Definition
when a sound carries over a visual transition in a film
Term
spotting
Definition
when the director consults with the composer and picture and sound editors to determine where music/effects will b added
Term
post-synchronous sound
Definition
recorded after the fact and then synchronized with onscreen sources
(like dubbing)
Term
automated dialogue replacement (ADR)
Definition
actors watch film footage and rerecord their lines to be dubbed
(looping)
Term
sound mixing
Definition
stage in postproduction in which every sound bit is combined
Term
sound re-presentation
Definition
stage in the process when the audience experience the film's sound
Term
sound perspective
Definition
apparent distance of a sound source
Term
voice-off technique
Definition
voice that can be seen to originate from an onscreen speaker or from a speaker who can be inferred to be present in the scene but who is not currently visible
Term
underscoring
Definition
BGM
Term
click track
Definition
holes punched in the film to keep the beat of the action
Term
stingers
Definition
sounds that force us to notice the significance of something on/offscreen
Term
music supervisor
Definition
selects/secures the rights for songs to be used in the films
Term
sound continuity
Definition
subordinating sound to the aims of the narrative
Term
sound montage
Definition
reminds us that soundtrack is composed of separate elements creatively manipulated and put together like film
Term
sociology of taste
Definition
process whereby we jduge/approve of movies according to the values of our particular age group/culturual background/social determinant
Term
elements of mise-en-scene
Definition
objects, actors, costumes, lights
Term
rack focus
Definition
(pulled focus) dramatic change in focus from one thing to another
Term
persistence of vision
Definition
delay in human perception that allows film to produce the illusion of movement
Term
3 important attributes orchestrated by a shot
Definition
1) framing
2) depth of field
3) movement
Term
arriflex
Definition
light weight camera from 1950s
Term
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
Definition
produced 1st still photograph
Term
sub saharan african cinema
Definition
focus on social/political themes and an exploration of the conflicts between tradition and modernity
Term
material culture
Definition
objects created/used in the past
Term
Eadweard Muybridge
Definition
produced chronophotography
Term
main features of any kind of narrative
Definition
story, plot, character, narration
Term
character doubling
Definition
2 characters mirror images of each other
Term
corrective film history
Definition
supplement accepted versions of past with missing perspectives
Term
canted frame
Definition
unbalanced/askew
Term
academy ratio
Definition
1.375:1
Term
widescreen ratio
Definition
can range from 1.66:1 to 1.85:1
Term
cinemascope
Definition
2.35:1
Term
masks
Definition
attachments to camera that cut off portions of the frame so part of the image is black
Term
rotoscoping
Definition
recording real figures/actions on video as basis for painting each frame digitally
Term
process shot
Definition
term describing many different ways that the image can be set up and manipulated during filming
Term
matte shot
Definition
joining 2 pieces of film (1 with action, 1 with background)
Term
camera obscura
Definition
"dark room" projecting an upside down image on opposite wall
Term
chronophotography
Definition
series of still images that recorded incremental movement and formed the basis of cinematography (muybridge)
Term
1890s-1920s cinematography
Definition
-lumiere brothers joined ability to record sequence of images and capacity to project the sequence
Term
1930s-1940s cinematography
Definition
developments in color, wide angle, and small gauge
Term
1950s-1960s cinematography
Definition
widescreen, 3D, new color processes
Term
1970s-1980s cinematography
Definition
cinematography and exhibition in the age of the blockbuster
Term
1990s+ cinematography
Definition
digital cinematography --> no lab processing, economic advantage, sharp, more intimate
Term
orthochromatic
Definition
sensitive to blue/green light --> processed with red light
Term
panchromatic
Definition
responds to a full spectrum of colors --> standard for bw movies after 1926
Term
technicolor
Definition
dominated color film until 1950s
-3 strip process using a dye transfer process to create single image
Term
camera lens
Definition
piece of curved glass that redirects light rays in order to focus and shape images
Term
focal length
Definition
the distance from the center of the lens to the point where light rays meet in sharp focus
Term
wide angle lens
Definition
(less than 35mm) allows cinematographers to explore a greater depth of field that could show different visual planes simultaneously
Term
widescreen processes
Definition
change the aspect ratio by dramatically widening it
Term
anamorphic lens
Definition
squeezing a wide angle view onto a strip of 35mm and then unsqueezing it during projection
Term
telephoto lens
Definition
lenses with 75mm focal length AND HIGHER and capable of magnifying and flattening distant objects
Term
melodrama
Definition
"music drama"
theatrical genre that combines spoken text with music
Term
1895-1920s sound
Definition
-audiences/theaters participated in silent films by making noises
Term
1927-1930 sound
Definition
transition to synchronized sound
-warner bros/fox were top sound computers
-"talkies"
Term
1930s-1940s sound
Definition
by 1930s, only few (charlie chaplin) produced silent films
-RKO: citizen kane, king kong, etc
Term
1950s-present sound
Definition
1950s: stereophonic sound
1970s: dolby/surround sound
1990s: digital sound
Term
digital sound
Definition
most recent and radical change in sound production
Term
1900-1920s narrative
Definition
-adaptations of already well known stories
-2 key events: SCREENPLAYS, SOUND
Term
1927-1950 narrative
Definition
-classic hollywood narrative form
-sound technology/dialogue
Term
classic hollywood narrative form
Definition
1) narrative focuses on 1 or 2 central characters
2) characters move the linear plot forward
3) action develops according to realistic causal logic
Term
1950-1980 narrative
Definition
"art cinema"
-intentionally subverted traditional narrative forms
Term
1980s-present narrative
Definition
1) filmmakers focus on how stories are told
2) appropriation of narratives (like from amusement parks and stuff)
3) structure stories with effects of video/digital gaming
Term
magic lantern
Definition
(17th century) used by showmen to create illusions of the supernatural
Term
1895-1918 editing
Definition
1906: cinema dominated by narrative (before it was just scenes)
-crosscutting
Term
1919-1929 editing
Definition
soviet montage (1917 russian revolution)
-intercut
Term
1930-1959 editing
Definition
studio era
-continuity editing became dominant in hollywood
-simultaneous need for editing sound
-cinematic realism became primary aesthetic principles
-continuity remained dominant until decline of studio system
Term
1960-1989 editing
Definition
modern disjunctive editing
-change via politic/artistic changes
jump cuts
Term
1990s-present editing
Definition
everything is edited via computer --> more rapid pace of films
Term
"truth"
Definition
=presentation + re-presentation
Term
image as presence (PRESENTATION)
Definition
1) close ID with POV of image
2) EMOTIONAL response to image
3) experience of the image as if its a lived reality
-PHENOMENOLOGICAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL
Term
image as text (INTERPRETATION/TEXTUALITY)
Definition
1) emotional distancing from the image
2) ANALYTIC reaction to the image
3) experience of the image as if artifice or constructed
-AESTHETIC/SEMIOTIC
Term
phenomenological image
Definition
filmmaking styles that approximate and visually participate in the physical activity as we would expect it to in the world
Term
psychological image
Definition
creates images that reflect the state of the mind of the viewer or a more general emotional atmosphere in the scene
Term
aesthetic image
Definition
asks to be contemplated/appreciated for its artistic re-creation of a world/perspective through texture/line/color/composition
Term
semiotic image
Definition
presents images as signs to be interpreted like language/poem
Term
historiography
Definition
study of the methods and principles through which the past becomes organized according to certain perspectives/priorities
Term
periodization
Definition
film history divided into historical segments that help identify movies' shared thematic/stylistic concerns
Term
1895-1913 cinema
Definition
-from single to multiple shots (cinematic mise en scene)
-continuity editing
-lumiere brothers
-ranged from slapstick comedy to victorian literary adaptations
-anonymous actors/actresses
Term
classical hollywood cinema (cinema between the wars)
Definition
-silent era (1917-1927)
-sound era (1927-1945)
-german expressionist
-soviet silent film
-french impressionist
Term
silent era
Definition
(1917-1927)
-standardization of film production
-feature films
-narrative realism
-bringing viewers in
Term
sound era
Definition
(1927-1945)
-Big 5/little 3 domination
-movie dialogue/growth of characterization
-prominence of generic narrative formulas
Term
german expressionist cinema
Definition
(1918-1929) veered away from realist drive
-dark fringes of human experience
-representation of irrational forces through lighting/set/costume design
Term
soviet silent film
Definition
(1917 russian revolution)
-documentary/historical subjects
-political concept focused on audience response
Term
french impressionist cinema/poetic realism
Definition
destabilized familiar/objective ways of seeing human perception
Term
postwar cinemas
Definition
-postwar hollywood
-italian neorealism
-french new wave
-japanese cinema
-third cinema
Term
postwar hollywood
Definition
communism/red scare (HUAC)
paramount anti-trust act (1948)
Term
italian neorealism
Definition
(1942-1952)
-depicting postwar social crises
-using stark realistic style
-
Term
french new wave
Definition
(1950-1970)
-break from past filmmaking institutions/genres
-expressing personal vision
-andre bazin
Term
japanese cinema post-war
Definition
narrative emphasis on character over plot
contemplative aspects of images
ANIME
Term
third cinema
Definition
used to unite films from many countries under one political formal rubric
-reject technical perfection
-embrace film as voice of people
fragmented formal structures + populist documentary subject matter
Term
1965-present cinema
Definition
US: social anger/confusion of vietnam war + racial/gender politics +immigration/multiculturalism/gender/sexuality
-contemporary hollywood/new hollywood
-contemporary european cinema (new german cinema)
-indian cinema (bollywood)
-african cinema
-chinese cinema
-iranian cinema
Term
contemporary hollywood
Definition
1) youth audiences
2) european art cinema influence
3) globalization
4) rise of economic/technological innovations
Term
new hollywood
Definition
imaginative risks in form/subject matter
1) elevation of special effects
2) fragmentation/reflexivity of narrative constructions

1980+
-auteur director as a brand
Term
new german cinema
Definition
-confrontation with germany's nazi/war past
-emphasis on individual directors
Term
indian cinema
Definition
(1948-present) bollywood
-rooted in hindu culture/mythology
-song/dance
-episodic narrative traditions to accomodate musical numbers
Term
african cinema
Definition
(1960-present)
-focus on social/political themes
-conflicts between tradition and modernity
Term
chinese cinema
Definition
3 chinas: mainland china, hong kong, taiwan
-martial arts film made way to US via jackie chan (hong kong)
Term
iranian cinema
Definition
-pictorial beauty
-elliptical storytelling
-women filmmakers
-tackles volatile social issues
Term
external condition (MES)
Definition
indicates surfaces, objects, exteriors that define the material possibilities in a place/space
Term
measure of character (MES)
Definition
dramatizes how an individual/group establishes an identity through interaction with surrounding settings
Term
naturalistic MES
Definition
appears realistic
-assumes laws of nature/society
-consistently logical relation of MES elements
-MES/characters define each other
-HISTORICAL/QUOTIDIAN
Term
theatrical MES
Definition
denaturalizes the locations so its features appear unfamiliar/exaggerated/artificial
-violate/bend laws of nature/society
-dramatic inconsistencies
-MES is independent
-EXPRESSIVE/CONSTRUCTIVE
Term
expressive MES
Definition
(theatrical) elements assert themselves independently of characters and describe an emotional/spiritual life permeating the world
Term
constructive MES
Definition
(theatrical) world can be shaped/altered through work/desire of characters
Term
apparatus of cinema
Definition
films represent an ideological setting we place ourselves in
Term
cinema as a social institution
Definition
expectation of certain manners while viewing
Term
phenomenology of cinema
Definition
physical sensations we experience as we watch something
Term
4 things to remember about films
Definition
1) films are not reality
2) every film has form
3) form has consequences
4) every instance of form is embedded in cultural/historical contexts and traditions
Term
shot
Definition
unbroken/unedited length of the finished film
Term
take
Definition
unbroken/unedited length of film taken by camera (unfinished)
Term
cut
Definition
defines the shots surrounding it
fundamental to editing
Term
mise en scene values
Definition
external condition
measure of character
Term
properties of the image
Definition
film stock
perspective relations
depth of field
Term
perspective relations
Definition
planes of the image, focal length, depth of field
Term
framing
Definition
aspect ratio
camera distance
angle
mobile framing
Term
mobile framing
Definition
pans
tilts
cranes
zooms
reframes
Term
aspects of shot transitions
Definition
1)graphic relations
2)rhythmic relations
3) spatial relations
4) temporal relations
Term
patterns of continuity editing
Definition
-analytic breakdown of space
-crosscutting/representation of simultaneity
Term
editing/narrative
Definition
1) chain of events (Story/plot)
2) cause/effect relationship
3) occuring in time/space
Term
discontinuity styles
Definition
distanciation
soviet montage
Term
eisenstein on montage
Definition
montage as DIDACTIC/CONFLICT
Term
conflict montage
Definition
"collision of 2 give factors (shot/cell) arises a concept"
-metric (shot duration)
-rhythmic (shot content)
-tonal (general emotional tone)
Term
didactic montage
Definition
"it is art's task to make manifest the condition of being"
Term
signs
Definition
=signifier + signified
-referent
Term
3 different kinds of signs
Definition
(cs pierce)
-symbols
-icons
-index
Term
symbolic signs
Definition
stands for something in the world
Term
iconic signs
Definition
looks like what they refer to
Term
indexical signs
Definition
sign literally points to something in the world
Term
formalist film theory
Definition
(balazs/arnheim)
favors aspects of intervening with the MEDIUM
-ex. cuts/close ups
Term
realist film theory
Definition
(bazin/kracauer)
favored indexical over symbolic
mimesis
Term
politics of film form
Definition
1) marx --> world created via struggle
2) dialectic --> thesis, antithesis, synthesis
3) dialectic of film form: scientific understanding, intellectual appreciation, emotional response
Term
types of sound
Definition
voice, music, noise/sound effects
Term
manipulation of sound
Definition
1) sound mix (loudness, pitch, timbre)
2) spatial dimensions (diegesis/nondiegesis, fidelity, etc)
3) temporal dimensions ( a/synchronization, etc)
4) rhythm of sound (stingers/mickeymousing)
Term
film sound values
Definition
authenticity/verisimilitude
emotion
Term
film sound traditions
Definition
sound continuity
sound montage
Term
Singing' in the Rain
Definition
Donen, 1952
-MGM studio system
-arthur freed
-musical genre --> elaborate MES
Term
Citizen Kane
Definition
Orson Welles, 1941
-"unhollywood" style in studio era
-multiple flashback structure
-"modernist" --> fragmentation/self-reflexivity
Term
The Lonedale Operator
Definition
D.W. Griffith, 1911
-cross-cutting "narrativizes" the spaces (editing enables narration)
-unrestricted narration creates suspense
Term
North by Northwest
Definition
Alfred Hitchcock, 1959
-story/plot/screen duration are all different
-work plot overtaken by romance plot
Term
Battleship Potemkin
Definition
Sergei Eisenstein, 1952
-soviet montage
Term
The Conversation
Definition
Coppola, 1974
-sound
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