Term
| What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
-Pharmacodynamics describe what the drug do to the body (receptors, agonist/antagonist, second messengers, etc.)
-Pharmacokinetics describe what the body does with the drug (absorption, distribution, excretion, etc) |
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Term
| What is the difference between the action and effect of a drug? |
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Definition
| -The action is the how the drug works (what does it block, etc.), while the effect is the consequence (benefit/result) |
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Term
| What is the difference between side effect and toxic effect? |
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Definition
| -SIde effects occur at therapeutic dosage, whereas toxic effect is what occurs above therapeutic level |
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Term
| Difference between agonist and antagonist? |
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Definition
-Agonist drugs produce effect comparable to endogenous ligand
-Antagonist drugs block action of endogenous compounds (or other drugs) |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic index? |
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Definition
-LD50/ED50 (lethal to half/effective to half)
-Bigger numbers are better (>50 for OTC drugs)
-Opioids have relatively low TIs (twice normal dose can kill you)
-Basically it is a measure of safety |
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Term
| What are partial and inverse agonists? |
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Definition
-Partial agonists have intermediate effects (can diminish effect of endogenous agonist)
-Inverse agonists bind to a receptor and have the opposite effect (good for over-expression of receptor diseases)
-AKA negative agonist |
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Term
| What are the four classes of ion channel receptors? What polarization results? |
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Definition
-Acetylcholine - Depolarization (K+ or Na+)
-Glutamate - Depolarization (K+ or Na+)
-Glycine - Hyperpolarization (Cl-)
-GABA - Hyperpolarization (Cl-) |
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Term
| Define potency, efficacy, slope, and variability? |
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Definition
-Potency; amount required for effect (ED50)
-Efficacy; maximum effect obtained
-Slope; effect of increase
-Variability; reproducibility of data |
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Term
| Competitive antagonism vs non-competitive antagonist in drug interactions? |
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Definition
-With competitive we can overcome the antagonist by increasing dose thereby achieving maximum effect (shifts curve to right for response% vs Dose)
-With non-comp. we cannot achieve maximum effect by increasing dose of agonist |
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