Term
| Give the gradation of tissues by time to ischemic necrosis? |
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Definition
(3-5 mins) Neurons
(1/2-2 hours) Heart, liver, and kidneys
(Many hours) Epidermis, skeletal muscle, & fibroblasts |
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Term
| What are the reversible and irreversible plasma membrane structural changes? |
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Definition
REVERSIBLE;
Swelling, blebs, distortion of microvilli, Loosening of intercellular attachments
IRREVERSIBLE;
-Fragmentation |
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Term
| What are the reversible and irreversible mitochondria structural changes? |
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Definition
REVERSIBLE;
-Swelling
IRREVERSIBLE;
-Large densities/amorphous forms, increased swelling |
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Term
| What are the reversible and irreversible ER structural changes? |
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Definition
REVERSIBLE;
-Swelling, detached ribosomes, disaggregations of polysomes (many ribosomes on mRNA)
IRREVERSIBLE;
-Intracellular aggregation of myelin figures, fragmentation |
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Term
| Two main types of vacuolar changes? |
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Definition
-Hydropic; hard pale organ without nuclear displacement
-Fatty; soft pale organ with displaced nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| -Shrinking of the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| -Fragmentation of the nucleus (broken up and scattered into cytoplasm) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Nuclear fading from DNAases and RNAases |
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Term
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Definition
-Cell boundaries are retained with proteinaceous material left inside
-From ischemia of any tissue other than brain |
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Term
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Definition
-Loss of boundaries and material
-Most common cause is from pus producing lesion
-Can also be from brain necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Loss of boundaries, but proteinaceous material is retained
-Gives appearance of cheese
-Can be from TB |
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Term
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Definition
| -Can be from premature activation of pancreatic zymogen lipases or pancreatic damage |
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Term
| What are the two kinds of calcification? |
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Definition
-Metastatic calcification is from deposition of calcium in normal tissue secondary to HYPERCALCEMIA
-Dystrophic calcification is of necrotic or previous damaged tissue, such as in atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| -Pigmented granules that accumulate in cells with age due to incomplete digestion of membrane fats |
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Term
| What is the first sign of cell injury? |
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Definition
| -Swelling because of no ATP for pumps |
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