Term
| Some conditions such as ectopic pregnancy and torsion of ovarian cyst are what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A twisted ovarian cyst resulting in reduction or occlusion of blood supply to the tissue resulting in abdominal pain |
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Definition
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Term
| Painful spasm of the vagina preventing intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
| Pain experienced during sexual intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic pain characterized by a stinging, burning, itching, or raw feeling in the vulva region |
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Definition
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Term
| Ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue, frequently forming cysts containing altered blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common causes of PID |
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Definition
N. gonnorrhoeas
Chlamydia
Bacteroides
E. Coli
Streptococci |
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Term
| What are the risk factors for PID? |
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Definition
Multiple sex partners
Prior episode of PID
Current or past IUC use
Cervical instrumentation |
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Term
| What are the symptoms like for acute PID? |
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Definition
Low abdominal pain
Nausea, vomiting
Fever and chill
Purulent discharge
Dysuria, frequency and urgency if urethra is involved |
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Term
| Permanent cessation of menses |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age range does menopause typically occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels due to cessation of ovarian function |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the acute symptoms of menopause? |
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Definition
| Hot flashes and sweating; insomnia, fatigue, irritability, and nervousness; intermittent dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, and paresthesia; nausea, flatulence, diarrhea and constipation; muscle and joint pain |
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Term
| What are the chronic or long term symptoms of menopause? |
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Definition
| Urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, urinary incontinence, cardiovascular disease, increased risk of breast and uterine cancer |
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Term
| Vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and urinary frequency and urgency |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus cavity; usually on peritoneal surface but can be found almost anywhere |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms or clinical manifestations of endometriosis? |
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Definition
| Pelvic or back pain, usually associated with menstrual cycle; dysmenorrhea; dyspareunia; infertility |
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Term
| Common, benign tumors of the uterus, comprised of smooth muscle cells of the uterus |
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Definition
| Uterine Fibroids (Uterine Myoma) |
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Term
| Cancer of the inner lining of the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| Preinvasive phase of cervical cancer, also called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid, uncontrolled growth of severely abnormal cells on the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
| How can cervical cancer be detected early? |
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Definition
Annual pap smear test
Most cervical precancers develop slowly; nearly all cervical cancer cases can be prevented if screened regularly |
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Term
| Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common clinical manifestations of Ectopic Pregnancy? |
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Definition
- Amenorrhea
- Irregular bleeding and spotting
- Sudden onset or intermittent lower ab pain or back pain, pain can refer to shoulder
- Normal early pregnancy symptoms and sign: nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, urinary frequency |
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Term
| Usually presents during the 6-8 week of gestation, with sudden, sharp abdominal pain. Bleeding may be a result of hypotension and shock. |
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Definition
| Ruptured ectopic pregnancy |
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Term
| A hormonal disorder affecting premenopausal women |
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Definition
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
-Medicine (Clomiphene) to reduce androgen level
- Improve insulin resistance (weight reduction, oral hypoglycemic agents, and exercise) |
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Term
| What is the second most common female urogenital cancer? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How can ovarian cancer be prevented? |
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Definition
| Women at high risk for ovarian cancer (family history or personal cancer history) should receive annual examination for early detection |
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Term
| Also known as pelvic relaxation disorder |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction? |
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Definition
-Urinary incontinence
-Lower back pain
-Pain with sex
-Pelvic organ prolapse |
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Term
| Name 3 types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse |
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Definition
Cystocele
Rectocele
Uterine Prolapse |
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|
Term
| A herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A herniation of the rectum into the vagina |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The bulging of the uterus into the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| How can pelvic floor dysfunction be treated? |
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Definition
-Treat the cause of the original dz
-Pelvic muscle exercises
-Surgical for symptomatic cystocele, rectocele, or uterine prolapse |
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Term
| What all can PTs do for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction? |
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Definition
-PT education
-Therapeutic exercise of pelvic floor ms
-Trigger point therapy
-Physiologic quieting
-Physical modalities
-Postural education |
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|
Term
| The involuntary loss of urine when the bladder pressure is greater than urethral sphincter pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the risk factors in women for urinary incontinence |
|
Definition
| Pelvic ms weakness or damage due to aging, childbirth, pelvic surgery, menopause are at high risk |
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for men for urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, prostate cancer treatment are at high risk |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 types of Urinary Incontinence? |
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Definition
Functional
Stress
Urge
Overflow
Mixed |
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|
Term
| This type of urinary incontinence is where the pt has normal urine control but have normal urine control but have mobile difficulty to reach a toilet in time or have impaired cognitive function to go to a toilet. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This type of incontinence is where the pt has leakage of a small amount of urine during physical activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, running, lifting. Other manifestations may include constant dribbling, leaking without warning, frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, weak stream, or straining to void. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis for stress incontinence? |
|
Definition
-Weakness or loss of tone in pelvic floor muscles
- Urethral sphincter failure
- Hypermobility of the ureterovesical junction or loss of ureterovesical angle
- damage to the pudendal nerve due to childbirth or tumor |
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Term
| This type of incontinence presents as the sudden unexpected urge to urinate and immediately followed by uncontrolled loss of large amounts of urine. Associated with both increased frequency and urgency. Often caused by involuntary bladder detrusor spasms, also referred as detrusor instability or overactive bladder. Often associated with neurologic conditions such as stroke, MS, advanced diabetes, spinal cord injury, dementia, and alzheimers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This type of incontinence is the constance leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty. Usually the result of a neurologic problem such as hypotonic or underactive detrusor secondary to drugs, fecal impaction, diabetes, or spinal cord injury. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| This type of incontinence may also be a result of an obstruction of flow by BPH, genital prolapse, or surgical complication. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How can urinary incontinence be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Education, prepartum or postpartum pelvic floor ms training, Kegel pelvic muscle contraction, and avoid constipation |
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|
Term
| More than one type of incontinence, most often stress and urge together |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The most common benign breast tumors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The most common malignancy in women, account for one-third of female malignancies. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 207,090 new cases of this are expected in the US during 2010, with 1970 new cases expected in men. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Lifetime risk for white women for breast cancer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 70% of all breast cancer occurs in women over what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for breast cancer? |
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Definition
-Incidence increases with age
-Inherited genetic mutations
-Personal history of breast cancer in one breast: with increased incidence in the opposite breast
-Positive family history
-Fibrocystic dz with atypical epithelial hyperplasia
-Early menarche and late menopause: may be due to increase duration of reproductive life and associated hormonal activity
-Nulliparity
-First pregnancy after age 30
-Obesity
-Postmenopausal HRT
-High animal fat diet |
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Term
| What are some behaviors that lower the risk of breast cancer? |
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Definition
Breastfeeding
Moderate or vigorous physical activity
Maintaining a healthy body weight |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
-Hard, painless breast lump
-Most tumors found in the upper lateral quadrant(45%) and behind the nipple (25%)
-A bloody or serous nipple discharge may be present
-Often metastasized to axillary lymph nodes
-Distance metastasized to lung, brain, bone, adrenal gland |
|
|
Term
| How can breast cancer be prevented? |
|
Definition
-Breastfeeding
-Moderate or vigorous physical activity
-Maintaining a healthy body weight |
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