TECHNOLOGY 

RAM

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

CAN BE ERASED OR WRITTEN OVER

LIKE A BUCKET, IT GETS FULL.

MORE IS BETTER IN A COMPUTER

TECHNOLOGY 

ROM

READ ONLY MEMORY

CAN'T WRITE TO IT

PERMENANTLY RECORDED BY MANUFACTURER

TECHNOLOGY 

LAN

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

EACH SCHOOL HAS OWN LAN, BASED ON SWITCHED ETHERNET, USED FOR ATTENDANCE AND GRADES

TECHNOLOGY 

SERVERS

COMPUTERS THAT OFFER RESOURCES

READ 180, FILE SHARING, PRINTER SHARING, INTERNET, INTRANET, PROJECT COLLABORATION, BACK UP ARE ALL LOCATED ON SERVER.

TECHNOLOGY 

DASD

DIRECT ACCESS STORAGE DEVICE

DISK DRIVE IN MAINFRAME OF THE COMPUTER.

OLD TECH

TAPE DRIVE READS AND WRITES, SLOW SEEK TIME OLD

TECHNOLOGY 

CD ROM

=700 FLOPPY DISKS

OLD TECH

WORM: WRITE ONCE READ MANY: MAGNETIC OPTIC STORAGE DEVICE

VIDEO DISC or VIDEO TAPE

TECHNOLOGY 

INPUT DEVICES

MOUSE AND KEYBOARD SEND DATA, SCANNER, TOUCH SCREEN, BAR CODE READER, VOICE, PROBE,NIC, SOUND CARD MODEM

TECHNOLOGY 

OUTPUT DEVICE

PRINTERS, MONITORS, NIC, MODEM, PLOTTER, SPEAKERS, DISK

PLOTTER: VECTOR GRAPHICS PRINTING, DEVICE THAT CONNECTS TO COMPUTER, COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING, PRINTS LARGE VOLUMES OR COMPLEX DRAWINGS, LARGE PAPER SIZES.

DAISY WHEEL PRINTER: USED FOR PREMIUM PRINTING (NOT REALLY BUT THATS WHAT'S ON THE TEST) LASER PRINTERS ARE TOP OF THE LINE

TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

MICROSOFT WORD:  WORD PROCESSING

SPREAD SHEET: EXCEL USED FOR NUMBERING, ANALYZING INFORMATION, CALCULATING FTE

• DATABASE MGMT:ACCESS, MANAGEMENT OF INTERRELATED FACTS
• DATABASE= INDEX CARD OR ROLODEX FUNCTIONS
• SPREADSHEETS= BUDGETS OR FTE
• PRESENTATION GRAPHICS-POWER POINT
• COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE: ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER"TALKING"
• BROWSER-INTERNET, USING GRAPHICAL INTERFACE
• =NOT ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH HARDWARE
• OPERATING SYSTEMS DO THIS. IT IS BETWEEN APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE, LIKE AN ONION :LAYERED

TECHNOLOGY 

LEGAL PRACTICES:SOFTWARE

SINGLE USER LICENSE: 1 PERSON USE, CAN MAKE BACK UP COPY

LAB PACK: LAB USE ONLY

STATE LICENSE: EVERY MACHINE IN THE SCHOOL

PUBLIC DOMAIN: ADOBE ACROBAT READER (FREE)

SHAREWARE: FREE A LIMITED NUMBER OF TIMES, TEST PRODUCT FOR A PERIOD OF TIME, "14 DAYS FREE, AND THEN $29.99 TO BUY.

TECHNOLOGY 

COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION

(CAI)

INSTRUCTION PERFORMED BY COMPUTER:

-**PRETEST

-PRESENT MATERIALS

-WORK AT OWN PACE

-**REPETITIVE DRILLS, GAME BASED

-POST TEST

LOOP BACK TO DEFICIENCIES

-RECORDS SCORES AND PROGRESS

-SIMULATION

EX.: SIM CITY, OREGON TRAIL, MATH BLASTER

TECHNOLOGY 

COMPUTER MANAGED INSTRUCTION

(CMI)

-SUCCESS MAKER, RIVER DEEP

 (IN ADDITION TO CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION)

-DIAGNOSTIC, PRESCRIPTIVE

USED BY STUDENT, NOT USED BY OFFICE CLERK

TECHNOLOGY 

COMPUTER LAB CONSIDERATIONS:

1. LIGHTING
2. AC
3. NO CHALK (DUST)
4. CARPET (YES/NO) STATIC ELECTRICITY
5. POWER, BREAKERS TRIPPING
6. NETWORKING(DATA PORTS, INTERNET)
7. PHONES
8. FURNITURE
9. SECURITY

TECHNOLOGY 

ISDN

TALKING TO BIGGER NETWORK

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK

TECHNOLOGY 

T1

FIBER OPTIC LINE, RELIABLE

TECHNOLOGY 

POTS

MODEMS

PLAIN OLD TELEPHONE SYSTEM

TECHNOLOGY 

Kbps

modem

(slow)

KILO-THOUSANDS

TECHNOLOGY 

WAN

WIDE AREA NETWORK

(DISTRICT)

TECHNOLOGY 

LAN

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

(SCHOOL)

TECHNOLOGY 

Mbps

(MILLIONS)

BITS

MEDIUM SPEED

TECHNOLOGY 

MBps

MILLION BYTES

MEDIUM SPEED

TECHNOLOGY 

GBps

BILLION

GIG=BILLION

FAST

TECHNOLOGY 

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

POTS DOESN'T FIT

C++

ADA

UNIX

PERL

JAVA

TECHNOLOGY 

SAFE GUARDS

PHYSICAL, ELECTRONIC---BEST SAFE GUARD- USE PREVENTION- LOCK THE DOOR- (STRANGE BUT TRUE)

TECHNOLOGY 

CONNECTORS ON BACK OF COMPUTER

RF MODULATOR

RCA/NTSC

RJ11

RJ45 (CONNECTORS "R")

FINANCE

FUND

SELF BALANCING

1. GENERAL FUND
2. DEBT SERVICE FUND
3. CAPITAL PROJECT FUND
4. SPECIALREVENUE FUND

CAN TRANSFER MONEY FROM CAPITAL SERVICE FUND TO DEBT SERVICE FUND

TITLE ONE TEACHER PAID THROUGH SPECIAL REVENUE FUND

FINANCE

GENERAL FUND

FINANCE

DEBT SERVICE FUND

MORTGAGE PAYMENTS

FINANCE

CAPITAL PROJECTS FUND

(CAPITAL OUTLAY)

MAINTENENCE

FINANCE

 SPECIAL REVENUE FUND

FEDERAL MONEY

SCHOOL LUNCH MONEY

FINANCE

COURT CASES

• 1971 SERRANO VS. PRIEST
• 1973 RODRIGUEZ VS. SAN ANTONIO

FINANCE

 1971 SERRANO V. PRIEST (CA)

FISCAL NEUTRALITY

BASED ON CA CONSTITUTION, SCHOOL FUNDING EQUITABLE (NOT FAIR), WATTS(BAD EDUCATION), BEVERLY HILLS (GOOD EDUCATION)

CA SUPREME COURT- MUST CHANGE MANNER OF FUNDING FOR "ALL STATE SCHOOLS" TO CREATE "EQUITABLE EDUCATION"

LEGISLATION IN FLORIDA CHANGED FUNDING PRACTICES

FINANCE

1973 RODRIGUEZ V. SAN ANTONIO

FEDERAL CASE BASED ON FEDERAL CONTITUTION

DISPARITY IN EDUCATION, VIOLATION OF 14TH AMENDMENT- EQUAL PROTECTION

US SUPREME COURT- FUNDING IN TEAXS IS POOR, BUT IT'S NOT A "FEDERAL ISSUE" IT'S A STATE ISSUE

FINANCE 

1973

FLORIDA

F.E.F.P.

FLORIDA EDUCATION FINANCING PROGRAM

ONLY PROVIDES FOR THE GENERAL FUND

"EACH DISTRICT GETS SCREWED EQUALLY"

FINANCE

F.T.E.

STUDENT MUST BE PRESENT WEEK OF COUNT OR 6 DAYS PRIOR

(PCF) PROGRAM COST FACTOR

EACH PROGRAM HAS WEIGHTING

(ESE, REGULAR STUDENT, K-3, 4-8, 9-12)

GRADES 4-8 GET A RATING OF 1 EVERTHING ELSE GETS A BIT HIGHER

FEFP=FTExPCDxDCDxBSA

FINANCE

D.C.D.

DISTRICT COST DIFFERENTIAL

WEIGHTING FOR DISTRICT, COST OF LIVING, ELECTRICITY, WATER

DADE COMPARED TO MARION COUNTY

FINANCE

B.S.A.

BASE STUDENT ALLOCATION

CHANGES EVERY YEAR, BASED ON $ FROM LEGISLATORS, $ IN GENERAL FUND FOR SCHOOL DISTRICT

FINANCE

BSA CONT....

• Real property= required millage (values) high value or low value of property for child. State will give poor district the difference if their BSA is low because of property values
• state will take away from rich districts
• state can impose discretionary millage
• .51 mills or $200 per child .25 mills gave less- state gives it.
• CAPITAL PROJECTS FUND: SCHOOL BOARD CAN IMPOSE UP TO 2 MILLS FOR THIS FUND

FINANCE

DOCUMENTING EXPENDITURES

NUMBER SYSTEM

FIRST 3 #= FUND FROM WHICH TAKEN

NEXT 3 #= OBJECT, DESCRIBES THAT WHICH WAS PURCHASED

TYPES OF OBJECTS:

1. SALARY
2. BENEFITS
3. PURCHASED SERVICES
4. ENERGY SERVICES
5. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
6. CAPITAL OUTLAY
7. TRANSFERS

NEXT 4# FUNCTION- WHAT WE PURCHASED IT FOR

1. INSTRUCTION
2. INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT
3. GENERAL SUPPORT
4. COMMUNITY SERVICES  NEXT # COST CENTER #, #OF SCHOOL

FINANCE

FINANCE

DOCUMENTING EXPENDITURES CONT...

SCHOOL BOARD MUST HOLD AT LEAST 2 ADVERTISED MEETINGS:

1. BUDGET HEARING- PUBLIC INVITED
2. BUDGET ADOPTED MEETING

FISCAL YEAR- FROM JULY 1 IN ONE YEAR TO JUNE 30 OF THE NEXT

CONT...

BIDS: SPECIFICATIONS FOR WHAT WE WISH TO PURCHASE, SENT TO VENDORS, FORMALIZED PROCESS. $10,000 OR MORE MUST USE BIDDING PROCESS

Q: PRINCIPAL WISHED TO PURCHASE 3 ITEMS, TOTAL COST MORE THAN $10,000( WHAT DOES PRINCIPAL DO?) A: MUST BID IT

• CANT CHANGE SPECIFICATIONS OF BID, MUST FOLLOW CLOSELY
• CAN'T PAY WITH CASH-MUST HAVE PAPER TRAIL-CHECKS,TICKET STUBS ETC..
• MUST HAVE RECORD OF WHO RECIEVES FREE TICKETS, TICKETS OF DIFFERENT AMOUNTS
• MUST FOLLOW SPIRIT OF THE LAW-CREATE PAPER TRAIL FOR AUDITORS

FINANCE

INTERNAL ACCOUNTS

RULES

1. EVERY PENNY MUST BE SUBMITTED EVERY DAY
2. MUST GET RECEIPT
3. MUST DEPOSIT WITHIN 5 BUSINESS DAYS

• PTA, BOOSTERS HAVE OWN CHECKING ACCOUNTS
• IF THE KIDS MAKE MONEY IT MUST BE RUN THROUGH INTERNAL ACCOUNTS
• IF PARENTS MAKE MONEY, THEY WHAT THEY WANT WITH IT.

CONT...

 MONEY SPENT FROM INTERNAL ACCOUNT (APPROVAL PROCESS)

• MUST BE APPROVED BY SPONSOR(SPANISH CLUB ETC...)
• PRINCIPAL SIGNS CHECK
• 2ND (DESIGNEE) SIGNS CHECK

ONE PERSON IN THE SCHOOL MUST BE BONDED (INSURED) USUALLY BOOKKEEPER.THE PRINCIPAL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INTERNAL ACCOUNTS

FINANCE

ON VARIOUS FELE's

PROGRAM COST FACTORS

RULES

1. 80%RULE- 80% OF $$$ GENERATED BY A PROGRAM MUST GO TOWARD THE PROGRAM
2. 90% RULE- 90% OF $$$ GENERATED THROUGH K-3 PROGRAM MUST GO TOWARD K-3 PROGRAM
3. 100%RULE- ESOL
4. 38% OF LOTTERY GOES TOWARD EDUCATION, 12% ADMINISTRATION COSTS, 50%PRIZES

FINANCE

VERTICAL EQUITY

PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS MUST BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY

FINANCE

HORIZONTAL EQUITY

PEOPLE GET SAME TREATMENT

FINANCE

SYSTEM THEORIES

• PPBS
• GANTT
• FEDERAL IMPACT AID
• PERT

FINANCE

PPBS

PLAN PROGRAM BUDGETING SYSTEM

DEVELOPED BY MILITARY, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES

FINANCE

GANTT

SYSTEMS THEORY

USED FOR BUILDING PROJECTS, SCHEDULING LONG-TERM PROJECTS-

ex. begin making your coffee while you are showering, doing hair....

FINANCE

FEDERAL IMPACT AID

FINANCE

PERT

PLANNING EVALUATION REVIEW TECHNIQUE

BASED ON GANTT, 1960's DEPT OF DEFENSE SETS UP TIMELINES FOR LONG-TERM PROJECTS

CONT...                                         FINANCE

Q: GENERAL FUNDS BUDGET= 85%- SALARIES AND BENEFITS

Q: DONATIONS- SPECIAL REVENUE FUND

Q:GREATEST RATE OF RETURN REALIZED- ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

BEFORE FEFP (1973-1974)

MFP

(MINIMUM FOUNDATION PLAN)

 DIFFERENCES: MFP BASED ON NEED OR #OF TEACHERS OR INSTRUCTIONAL UNITS, FEFP BASED ON NEED OR #OF STUDENTS

FINANCE

MEASURE OF NEED IN FLORIDA

CAPITAL OUTLAY

(EQUIPMENT ACCOUNT), MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES- PRINCIPALS FUNDS.

CAN REQUEST DISTRICT TO TRANSFER $ BETWEEN ACCOUNTS AND WRITE PURCHASE ORDER WITH OUT PROPER ACCOUNT.

FINANCE

ADA

AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE

FINANCE

ADM

AVERAGE DAILY MEMBERSHIP

FINANCE

AD VALORUM TAXES

PROPERTY BASED ON THE ASSESSED VALUE OF PROPERTY

• TRANSPORTATION$$COMES FROM FTE
• CUSTODIAL STAFF COMES FROM SQUARE FOOTAGE

FINANCE

OLD DELUDER SATAN ACT

 ACT WHICH REPRESENTS EARLIEST EDUCATION LAW

FINANCE

STRAYER AND HAIG PLANS

ALSO KNOWN AS: FOUNDATION PLAN

FINANCE

HUMAN CAPITAL=

1. PEOPLE
2. MONEY SPENT ON            "IN-SERVICES"

LAW AND PERSONNEL

FEDERAL LAWS

• 1ST AMENDMENT: FREE SPEECH, EXPRESSION, SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
• "PURE SPEECH" PROTECTED, APPAREL- NOT AS MUCH

NO HATS ALLOWED - CAN DO, JEWISH HAT BUT NO COWBOY HAT

• US CONSTITUTION IS A BALANCING ACT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE SCHOOL DISTRICT

SCHOOL SECURITY OUTWEIGHS SOME FREEDOMS

SCHOOL BOARD- WHAT WILL BE TAUGHT, PEDAGOGY

• OUT OF SCHOOL SPEECH/ACTIONS FOR TEACHERS LETTER TO THE EDITOR-YES, YOU CAN WITH OUT GETTING FIRED

                 LAW AND PERSONNEL

GOVERNMENT IS BOSS- MUST SHOW GOVERNMENT INTEREST OUTWEIGHS INDIVIDUAL

14TH AMENDMENT: DUE PROCESS LAW

BILL OF RIGHTS APPLIES TO STATES AS WELL AS FED. GOV'T

MAKING SOMEONE MAD IS OK(PICKERING)

ATTEND "MEETING ATHE FLAG POLE"- YOU CAN ATTEND BUT NOT LEAD

1ST AMENDMENT: SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE

SCHOOL NOT TO PROMOTE RELIGION, NOR SHALL WE INHIBIT IT (FREE EXERCISE THEREOF)

Q: "STUDENT" WANTS TO DISTRIBUTE RELIGOUS MATERIAL YES

• REASONABLE TIME, PLACE AND MANNER OF STUDENT DISTRIBUTION (BEFORE AND AFTER SCHOOL, LOBBY, PASSIVE DISTRIBUTION (SET UP ON TABLE) NOT DISRUPTIVE
• PRINCIPAL HAS DUTY TO REVIEW MATERIAL
• STUDENT NEWSPAPER CRITICIZES ADMINISTRATION- LET THEM PUBLISH
• DURING  "FREE READING PERIOD" -STUDENT READS BIBLE- LEAVE HIM/HER ALONE DISRUPTION IS THE TRUMP CARD
• GRADUATION PRAYER- JACKSONVILLE- OK

LAW AND PERSONNEL

4TH AMENDMENT: SEARCH AND SEIZURE

PRINCIPAL OR DESIGNEE MUST HAVE REASONABLE SUSPICION ONLY- LOWER THAN PROBABLE CAUSE

14TH AMENDMENT- LIFE LIBERTY AND PROPERTY WITHOUT DUE PROCESS OF LAW.

STUDENT HAS PROPERTY RIGHT TO GO TO SCHOOL, EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW

FEDERAL LAW- NO ONE MAY DICRIMINATE FOR...

EXCEPTIONS:

GENDER: SUPERVISOR OF LOCKER ROOM, BONIFIED OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENT, PRINCIPAL OF CATHOLIC SCHOOL MAY HAVE TO BE CATHOLIC

LAW AND PERSONNEL       

ADA

APPLIES TO COMPANY WITH 15 OR MORE EMPLOYEES- RAMP, HANDICAPPED RESTROOM NEEDED.

LAW AND PERSONNEL

FLORIDA STATUTES

• CHAPTER 1012
• CHAPTER 447
• CHAPTER 119

NOT ALLOWED TO SEE: MEDICAL, CURRENT EVAL., TAX EXEMPTIONS ON W-4

LAW AND PERSONNEL

CHAPTER 1012

TEACHERS CONTRACTS

 LAW AND PERSONNEL

CHAPTER 447

COLLECTIVE TEACHERS BARGAINING AGREEMENT

LAW AND PERSONNEL

CHAPTER 119

PERSONNEL FILE

OPEN TO PUBLIC

LAW AND PERSONNEL

COPYRIGHT

TITLE OF US CODE- PROTECTS UNTO CREATOR EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS TO REPRODUCE AND SELL

EXCEPTIONS: FAIR USE- PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND NON-PROFIT PRIVATE SCHOOLS

DVD: IF "LEGALLY MADE", PART OF CURRICULUM, IT MAY BE SHOWN IN CLASS WITH OUT COPY RIGHT PERMISSION.

PHOTOCOPY SMALL POEM- OK- "FAIR USE"

LAW AND PERSONNEL

STATE LAW

PERSONNEL:

WHEN FIRST HIRED- ANNUAL CONTRACT, 97 DAYS PROBATION, CAN BE SENT HOME ON DAYS NOTICE, NO RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS IN 97 DAY PERIOD, DON'T NEED REASONS, DO NOT GIVE THEM A REASON IF THEY ASK.

CAN BE NON-RENEWED AT END OF ANNUAL CONTRACT WITH NO PROPERTY RIGHT, NO DUE PROCESS. DON'T NEED A REASON, DON'T GIVE REASONS.

2ND YEAR: ANNUAL CONTRACT- RIGHT TO JOB FOR A YEAR

*3RD YEAR: SAME- SCHOOL BOARD- PSC (PROFESSIONAL SERVICE CONTRACT) TENURE OR NON-RENEW OR 4TH YEAR ANNUAL CONTRACT

*Now have continuing property right in job

CONT...

1984- AWARDED PSC NOT "CONTINUING CONTRACT"

ONCE YOU HAVE "PROPERTY RIGHT" IN JOB YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO "DUE PROCESS"

GREATER THE RIGHT TAKEN AWAY, THE MORE DUE PROCESS NEEDED

LAW AND PERSONNEL

GOSS v. LOPEZ

GOSS PROCESS

• TELL WHAT STUDENT DID WRONG
• KID TELLS SIDE OF STORY(STUDENT NARRATIVE)
• SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE
• CONTACT MOM OR DAD(GOOD FAITH EFFORT)
• LETTER HOME WITHIN 24HOURS (SENT USPS)

FIRING OR DISMISSING SOMEONE IS A MUCH GREATER PROCESS

LAW AND PERSONNEL

STATE REASONS FOR DISMISSAL

5 DEADLY SINS

1. CONTINUING GROSS INSUBORDINATION
2. INCOMPETENCE
3. NEGLECT OF DUTY
4. MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE-VIOLATION OF STATE CODE OF ETHICS, STATE BOARD RULES
5. CONVICTION OF CRIME INVOLVING MORAL TURPITUDE- BREACH OF TRUST

LAW AND PERSONNEL

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

CHAPTER 447 FLORIDA STATUTES

• EACH DISTRICT NEGOTIATES WITH TEACHER GROUP
• BARGAINING UNIT=GROUP OF TEACHERS
• BARGAINING AGENT =UNION

TO CHANGE UNIONS (BARGAINING AGENT)- PETITION SIGNED BY 10% OF TEACHERS REQUESTING VOTE FOR NEW BARGAINING AGENT- 51% WINS

LAW AND PERSONNEL

NEGOTIATION PROCESS

• AGENT SHOWS UP
• NEGOTIATES WITH SUPERINTENDENT
• IF AGREEMENT REACHED- GREAT!
• SENT TO TEACHERS FOR RATIFICATION
• SENT TO SCHOOL BOARD FOR RATIFICATION

LAW AND PERSONNEL

NOT IN AGREEMENT, IMPASSE

• SEND MEDIATOR BETWEEN TWO TEAMS, DON'T AGREE
• SPECIAL MASTER NO AUTHORITY, ONLY RECCOMENDS, DON'T AGREE
• SCHOOL BOARD DECIDES OUTCOME IF MEDIATOR AND SPECIAL MASTER FAIL TO COME UP WITH AN AGREEMENT

LAW AND PERSONNEL

ONCE AGREEMENT RATIFIED

• GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE (REQUIRED)- MEMBER OF BARGAINING UNIT CAN VINDICATE RIGHTS UNDER CONTRACT. tHE FORMS ARE ON THE BACK OF THE CONTRACT.

EX. "MADE TO TEACH 6 PERIODS" - FILE GRIEVANCE AFTER WORKING THROUGH CHAIN OF COMMAND.

FINAL STEP MAY BE ARBITRATION- FORMALIZED PROCEDURE- BINDING

ARBITRATORS ARE EXPENSIVE- $3000-$5000

SCHOOL BOARD AND UNION SPLIT COST

UNION MAKES THE DESCISION WHETHER TO ARBITRATE- ITS NOT ABOUT MONEY, ITS ABOUT PRECEDENT

GRIEVANCE MAY END IN BINDING ARBITRATION