Term
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Definition
| Concentrates that have relatively low protein content - less than 20% |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentrates that have a relatively high protein content - more than 20% |
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Term
T or F
Forages are bulky feeds. |
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Definition
T
Forages are used as stomach fillers because they are so little mass per area. |
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Term
T or F
Forages are low in fiber |
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Definition
F
Forages are high in fiber. |
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Term
T or F
Forages are high in energy and are easy to digest. |
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Definition
F
Forages are low in energy and digestibility. |
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Term
| Are forages variable in protein? |
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Definition
| Yes. Alfalfa can be 20% protein, while straw can be 3.5% protein. |
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Term
| Forages are used extensively in the diets of what animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| List some benefits of forages: |
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Definition
Gut fill.
Stimulate salivation.
Reduce acidosis.
Reduce intake in non-ruminants.
Reduce digestive disturbances. |
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Term
| List some forms of forage: |
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Definition
Fresh (pasture)
Green chop
Silage
Hay |
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Term
| What are some advantages of pasture forage? |
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Definition
Less labor involved
Higher palatability
More vitamins |
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Term
| What are some drawbacks of pasture forage? |
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Definition
Lower DM yield
Variable nutrient content |
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Term
| The variable nutrient content of pasture forage is due to what? |
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Definition
| Variation in composition and maturity. |
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Term
| What are some advantages of green chop forage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some drawbacks of green chop forage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages of silage? |
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Definition
Higher DM and nutrients per acre
Lower field loss
Less weather risk |
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of silage? |
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Definition
Bulky to store
Questionable market value
Costly specialized equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| Forage that is cut and field dried for 2-4 days until it has less than 20% water, then stored dry as a bale or stack. |
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Term
| Why does hay need to contain less than 20% water? |
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Definition
| It slows microbial and enzymatic breakdown while it is stored. |
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Term
| Upon what does hay quality depend? |
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Definition
Maturity when cut
Weather during cutting
General handling during cutting |
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Term
| What forage undergoes anaerobic fermentation before consumption? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common silage? |
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Definition
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Term
| From what is haylage made? |
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Definition
| Wilted grasses or legumes |
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Term
| What is the wettest form of forage? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| At what % H2O is silage stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what stage is orchardgrass best cut? |
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Definition
| Between vegetative and preboot stages |
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Term
T or F
Concentrates are high in energy and low in fiber. |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Concentrates are highly digestible. |
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Definition
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Term
| List examples of concentrates: |
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Definition
Cereal grains
Oilseed meals
By-products of milling industry |
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Term
T or F
Concentrates are always high in protein. |
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Definition
F
Concentrates can be either low or high in protein. |
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Term
| Carbonaceous concentrates are also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogenous concentrates are also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Concentrates are (necessary or unnecessary) for high production. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are concentrates are usually produced where? |
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Definition
| Off the farm and brought in. |
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Term
| Concentrates provide what: |
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Definition
Energy
Protein - especially by-pass
Minerals
Fat soluble vitamins
Low fiber |
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Term
| List examples of cereal grains: |
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Definition
| Barley, corn, milo, oats, rye, and wheat |
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Term
| From what does 80% of the energy in these feeds come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oilseed meals are high in what specifically? |
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Definition
| CP (crude protein) and true protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Total Digestible Nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the feed as it is fed to the animal |
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Term
|
Definition
| the feed without water - contains all the nutrients |
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Term
| Chemical composition is usually expressed in what - DM basis or AF basis and why? |
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Definition
| DM basis because of the drastically different H2O contents in different feeds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What % DM do forages usually contain? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What % DM do silages usually contain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What % DM do concentrates usually contain? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Convert As Fed (lb) to DM (lb): |
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Definition
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Term
| Convert DM (lb) to As Fed (lb): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| With what are grain samples taken? |
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Definition
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Term
| With what are hay samples taken? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary purpose of a feed label? |
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Definition
| Safeguard health of humans and animals |
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Term
| What seven items are always contained on a feed tag? |
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Definition
1. Net weight
2. Brand name and product name
3. Guaranteed analysis (CP-min, CF-min, C Fiber-max)
4. Listing of ingredients
5. Directions for use
6. Name and mailing address of manufacturer
7. Warnings |
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Term
| List the seven expected forages and roughages: |
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Definition
Corn silage
Alfalfa hay
Orchardgrass hay
Timothy hay
Cottonseed hulls
Fescue hay
Cotton |
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Term
| List the seven expected energy feeds: |
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Definition
Corn grain, whole
Corn grain, cracked
Oat grain, whole
Barley grain, whole
Sorghum grain, whole
Wheat grain, whole
Molasses |
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Term
| List the four expected mineral supplements: |
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Definition
Ground limestone
Dicalcium phosphate
Salt
Trace mineralized salt |
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Term
| List the ten expected Protein supplements: |
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Definition
Soybean meal
Cottonseed meal
Corn gluten meal
Blood meal
Fish meal
Poultry litter
Meat meal
Lysine - NPN
Methionine - NPN
Urea - NPN |
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