Term
| What are the only fibers that stain with H&E? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does ground substance contain? |
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Definition
| Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins |
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Term
| What does the gel-like consistency of the ground substance do? |
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Definition
| Limits movement of metabolites, macromolecules, pathogens, and allergens in the tissue |
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Term
| What might areolar tissue have in addition to fibers, fibroblasts, and ground tissue? |
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Definition
| Immonu-reactive or wandering cells and fat storage cells such as adipocytes |
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Term
| Are adipocytes and wandering cells common in dense connective tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| What special stains are used for staining macrophages and mast cells? |
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Definition
| Quadrouple stain (red cytoplasm, black nuclei, brown elastic fibers, green collagen) and Touidine blue (cytoplasm blue, nuclei dark blue, mast cell granules purple) |
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Term
| Where does the plasma cell come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 7 things that can't be enzymatically degraded by macrophages |
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Definition
| These include Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis), Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy), Trypanosoma cruzi (malaria), Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), and Leishmania sp. (leishmaniasis), as well as asbestos fibers, carbon particles, and cotton fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrophage of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Macrophage of the lung (aka alveolar macrophage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where do a plain old macrophage act? |
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Definition
| Lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrophage of the cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Eccentric nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, cartwheel nucleus, clear golgi zone between nucleus and other side of cell |
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Term
| What causes Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome? |
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Definition
| A mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme lysyl hydrolase which is needed to make hydroxylysine- this leads in a reducation of strength in collagen causing extreme joint movement and skin hyperelasticity |
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Term
| Where is type I collagen found? |
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Definition
| Dense C.T. (fibrocartilage) and tendon |
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Term
| Where is type 2 collagen found? |
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Definition
| Hyaline and elastic cartilage (forms fibrils, not fibers) |
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Term
| Where is type 3 collagen found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three types of loose connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Areolar, reticular, and adipose |
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Term
| Where is type 4 collagen found? |
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Definition
| Basal lamina (lamina densa). This is rarely seen with a light microscope and needs special staining |
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Term
| What type of tissue is connective tissue always associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one of the biggest ways to tell the difference between dense irregular tissue and dense regular tissue? |
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Definition
| Dense regular has many more fibroblast nuclei present |
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Term
| Where is it normal to see migratory cells in connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Respiratory and digestive system |
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Term
| What are the main identifiers of a plasma cell? |
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Definition
| Basophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nucleus, lighter stained golgi zone, cart wheel nucleus |
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Term
| What are the identifiers of a fibroblast/fibrocyte? |
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Definition
| Cell looks flattened, oval nucleus, cytoplasm is very lightly acidophilic so often can not be seen |
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Term
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Definition
| Very large, has many secretory granules, granules are basophlic and metachromatic, but also stains with eosin; if stained with safranin, nucleus remains relatively unstained |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasm contains vacuoles and/or particles which have a natural color. These vacuoles and particles are phagosomes and different types of lysosomes. |
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Term
| What are plasma cells derived from and what do they do? |
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Definition
| B lymphoctes. They produce antibodies against antigens |
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Term
| What happens when a macrophage ingests a particle? |
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Definition
| It is incorporated into a phagosome. The phagosome fuses with a primary lysosome to form a secondary lysosome. The contents of the lysosome is either discharge or retained as a lipofuscin/chrome depending on the type of cell |
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Term
| What is unique about the granules of mast cells? |
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Definition
| They are basophilic but do not stain with hematoxylin. They stain red with H&E staining, or with touludine blue they are metachromatic. This is due to the presence of heparin, which is a sulfated GAG in the granules |
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Term
| How big are the granules in a mast cell? |
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Definition
| Bigger than a mitochondria |
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Term
| What do mast cell granules store? |
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Definition
| Heparin (making them stain metachromatically), histamine, neutral proteases, aryl sulfatase, eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF)- called primary mediators of inflamation |
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Term
| How are mast cells activated? |
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Definition
| A particular type of antigen interacts with IgE bodies- this triggers membrane changes in the mast cells and relase of the primary mediators from the granules |
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Term
| What do mast cells make and release upon activation (but not store) |
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Definition
| Leukotrienes and prostaglandins (secondary mediators of inflammation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Large molecules of repeating disaccharide units linked by uronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is a major nonsulfonated GAG in connective tissues (most GAGs are sulfonated)- GAGs are the major component of proteoglycans |
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecules with a central core protein and GAGs extend radially on it (ex. chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate)- most of them are negatively charged and interact over a large amount of space- regulate spacing and size of fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Large proteins with moderate amounts of carb residues. Ex. fibronectin and laminin- molecules important for anchoring cells to matrix |
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