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FDNS test 3
vegetarians, minerals, eating disorders
55
Other
Undergraduate 2
11/12/2008

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Term
functions of fluids
Definition
1. dissolve and transport substances
2. account for blood volume
3. helps maintain body temp
4. protect and lubricate tissue
Term
functions of electrolytes
Definition
1.regulate fluid balance
2.enable nerves to respond to stimuli
3.signal our muscle to contract
Term
loss of electrolytes causes:
Definition
sweating, bleeding, urine/feces, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
Term
we need _____ milliliters/kcals of water that is consumed.
Definition
1-1.5
Term
when water concentration is high ________.
Definition
kidneys secrete a large volume of diluted urine.
Term
what affects fluid balance/cause dehydration?
Definition
alcohol, caffeine, common medications
Term
macrominerals
Definition
greater than 5g of the mineral found in human body and over 100mg/day
Term
trace minerals
Definition
less than 5g of mineral in body and less than 100mg/day
Term
functions of macrominerals
Definition
help maintain water balance, involved in nerve transmission, involved in muscle contraction
Term
sodium (Na)
Definition
major cation in fluids outside the cells
Term
______ foods have more Na+ than ______ foods
Definition
processed; fresh
Term
sodium deficiency symptoms
Definition
muscle cramps
Term
potassium (K)
Definition
major cation inside the cells
Term
_____ foods have more potassium
Definition
fresh
Term
potassium deficiency
Definition
results from excessive losses
Term
chloride (Cl)
Definition
major anion outside the cells; part of hydrochloric acid in stomach
Term
functions of chloride
Definition
maintains fluid balance; helps in digestion
Term
food source of chloride
Definition
table salt
Term
calcium (Ca)
Definition
most abundant mineral in the body; closely associated w/ vitamin D and phosphorus
Term
functions of calcium
Definition
involved in formation and maintenance of bones and teeth
Term
calcium balance is regulated by:
Definition
calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D
Term
calcitonin
Definition
lowers blood calcium
Term
parathyroid hormone
Definition
raises blood calcium
Term
vitamin D
Definition
increases calcium absorption
Term
_____, ______, and _______ reduce calcium absorption
Definition
fiber, phytates, oxalates
Term
calcium deficiency symptoms
Definition
rickets; osteomalacia; osteoporosis
Term
food sources for calcium
Definition
milk and dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli
Term
phosphorous (P)
Definition
2nd most abundant mineral in body
Term
phosphorous deficiency symptoms
Definition
dietary deficiency is unknown in man
Term
functions of phosphorous
Definition
bone structure, component of ATP, NDA, RNA, phopholipids
Term
food sources of phosphorous
Definition
meat, milk, eggs, processed foods
Term
magnesium (Mg)
Definition
over half is in bones and muscles, impt. in heart function, protects against hypertension and heart disease, acts together w/ calcium
Term
food sources of magnesium
Definition
whole grains, vegetables, legumes, tofu, seafood
Term
sulfur
Definition
found in amino acids cysteine and methionine, protein, keratine, B vitamins
Term
sulfur deficiency symptoms
Definition
similar to protein deficiency
Term
sources of sulfur
Definition
foods rich in natural protein
Term
reasons to choose vegetarian diet
Definition
lower weight, lower blood pressure, heart disease, cancer
Term
vegan
Definition
people that eat no animal derived foods
Term
ovo-vegetarian
Definition
people that eat no meat or eggs
Term
lacto-vegetarian
Definition
people that eat no meat or milk/milk products
Term
lacto-ovo vegetarian
Definition
people that don't eat meat, milk/milk products, or eggs
Term
pesco vegetarian
Definition
people that don't eat meat, fish, dairy, or eggs
Term
problems with being vegan
Definition
children tend to be smaller in height and lighter in weight; may need higher RDA intakes of protein and other nutrients; adequate calories may be difficult; food availability and variety maybe limited in certain regions
Term
phytochemicals
Definition
substances in plants that may help prevent diseases like cancer and heart disease
Term
functional food
Definition
food that provides a health benefit beyond basic nutrition; from nature
Term
designer food
Definition
processed foods suppliemented with food ingredients naturally rich in disease preventing substances; from manufacturers (ex. ginko biloba chips)
Term
free radicals
Definition
byproducts of metabolism; capable of causing cells to loser their structure, function, and eventually destroying them; connected with the development of 50 diseases including heart disease and cancer
Term
antioxidants
Definition
capable of stabilizing or deactivating free radicals before they attack cells
Term
red (tomatoes, tomato sauce, vegetable juice, tomato soup, watermelon)
Definition
part of the color wheel; lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, vitamin E
Term
green (broccoli, brussel sprouts, bok choy, cauliflower, cabbage)
Definition
part of the color wheel; glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, indole-3 carbinol, folic acid
Term
green and yellow (spinach, avocado, kale, green beans, green peppers, kiwi, collard greens, mustard seeds)
Definition
part of the color wheel; lutein, zeaxanthin
Term
orange (carrots, pumpkins, squash, mangos, apricots, cantaloupe)
Definition
part of the color wheel; alpha and beta carotene
Term
orange and yellow (oranges, orange juice, tangerines, peaches, lemons, limes, pineapple
Definition
part of the color wheel; vitamin C, flavonoids
Term
red and purple (grapes, grape juice, cherries, red wine, straberries, raisins
Definition
part of the color wheel; anthocyanins, ellagic acid, flavonoids
Term
white/green (garlic, onion, and chives)
Definition
part of the color wheel; allyl sulfides
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