Term
|
Definition
1. dissolve and transport substances
2. account for blood volume
3. helps maintain body temp
4. protect and lubricate tissue |
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|
Term
| functions of electrolytes |
|
Definition
1.regulate fluid balance
2.enable nerves to respond to stimuli
3.signal our muscle to contract |
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|
Term
| loss of electrolytes causes: |
|
Definition
| sweating, bleeding, urine/feces, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration |
|
|
Term
| we need _____ milliliters/kcals of water that is consumed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when water concentration is high ________. |
|
Definition
| kidneys secrete a large volume of diluted urine. |
|
|
Term
| what affects fluid balance/cause dehydration? |
|
Definition
| alcohol, caffeine, common medications |
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Term
|
Definition
| greater than 5g of the mineral found in human body and over 100mg/day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than 5g of mineral in body and less than 100mg/day |
|
|
Term
| functions of macrominerals |
|
Definition
| help maintain water balance, involved in nerve transmission, involved in muscle contraction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| major cation in fluids outside the cells |
|
|
Term
| ______ foods have more Na+ than ______ foods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sodium deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major cation inside the cells |
|
|
Term
| _____ foods have more potassium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from excessive losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major anion outside the cells; part of hydrochloric acid in stomach |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| maintains fluid balance; helps in digestion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most abundant mineral in the body; closely associated w/ vitamin D and phosphorus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in formation and maintenance of bones and teeth |
|
|
Term
| calcium balance is regulated by: |
|
Definition
| calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases calcium absorption |
|
|
Term
| _____, ______, and _______ reduce calcium absorption |
|
Definition
| fiber, phytates, oxalates |
|
|
Term
| calcium deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| rickets; osteomalacia; osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk and dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2nd most abundant mineral in body |
|
|
Term
| phosphorous deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| dietary deficiency is unknown in man |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone structure, component of ATP, NDA, RNA, phopholipids |
|
|
Term
| food sources of phosphorous |
|
Definition
| meat, milk, eggs, processed foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over half is in bones and muscles, impt. in heart function, protects against hypertension and heart disease, acts together w/ calcium |
|
|
Term
| food sources of magnesium |
|
Definition
| whole grains, vegetables, legumes, tofu, seafood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in amino acids cysteine and methionine, protein, keratine, B vitamins |
|
|
Term
| sulfur deficiency symptoms |
|
Definition
| similar to protein deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foods rich in natural protein |
|
|
Term
| reasons to choose vegetarian diet |
|
Definition
| lower weight, lower blood pressure, heart disease, cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that eat no animal derived foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that eat no meat or eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that eat no meat or milk/milk products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that don't eat meat, milk/milk products, or eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people that don't eat meat, fish, dairy, or eggs |
|
|
Term
| problems with being vegan |
|
Definition
| children tend to be smaller in height and lighter in weight; may need higher RDA intakes of protein and other nutrients; adequate calories may be difficult; food availability and variety maybe limited in certain regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances in plants that may help prevent diseases like cancer and heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food that provides a health benefit beyond basic nutrition; from nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processed foods suppliemented with food ingredients naturally rich in disease preventing substances; from manufacturers (ex. ginko biloba chips) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| byproducts of metabolism; capable of causing cells to loser their structure, function, and eventually destroying them; connected with the development of 50 diseases including heart disease and cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capable of stabilizing or deactivating free radicals before they attack cells |
|
|
Term
| red (tomatoes, tomato sauce, vegetable juice, tomato soup, watermelon) |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, vitamin E |
|
|
Term
| green (broccoli, brussel sprouts, bok choy, cauliflower, cabbage) |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, indole-3 carbinol, folic acid |
|
|
Term
| green and yellow (spinach, avocado, kale, green beans, green peppers, kiwi, collard greens, mustard seeds) |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; lutein, zeaxanthin |
|
|
Term
| orange (carrots, pumpkins, squash, mangos, apricots, cantaloupe) |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; alpha and beta carotene |
|
|
Term
| orange and yellow (oranges, orange juice, tangerines, peaches, lemons, limes, pineapple |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; vitamin C, flavonoids |
|
|
Term
| red and purple (grapes, grape juice, cherries, red wine, straberries, raisins |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; anthocyanins, ellagic acid, flavonoids |
|
|
Term
| white/green (garlic, onion, and chives) |
|
Definition
| part of the color wheel; allyl sulfides |
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