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FDNS 4050
Midterm
49
Other
Undergraduate 4
03/17/2009

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Cards

Term
essential nutrients
Definition
Required nutrients that the body cannot manufacture or produce in sufficient amounts but that are required in the diet are referred to as:
Term
 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
Definition
 What Dietary intake standards are called
Term
The six categories of nutrients include:
Definition
carbohydrates, fats, protein, water, vitamins, minerals
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
are used by the body mainly:

 as a source of readily available energy

Term
The most common monosaccharides include:
Definition
glucose, galactose, and fructose
Term
The most common disaccharides include
Definition
sucrose, maltose, and lactose
Term
The complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides, include:
Definition
 starch, glycogen, and fiber
Term
amino acids
Definition
are provided by protein in foods
Term
Amino acids are unlike carbohydrates and fats
Definition
in that they contain:

[X] b. nitrogen

Term
There are how many essential amino acids?
Definition
[X] d. nine
Term
Carbohydrate and protein each provide ___ calories per gram, fat provides ___ calories per gram, and alcohol provides ___ calories per gram.
Definition
 7...4...9
Term
Recommended intakes of carbohydrate, protein, and fat (as a percentage of calories) are as follows:
Definition
45-65...10-35...20-35
Term
 good source(s) of protein
Definition
animal products

 dried beans

Term

Lipids include:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. fats

[ ] b. oils

[ ] c. cholesterol and related compounds

Term

Triglycerides consist of:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. fatty acids

[ ] b. glycerol

Term

Fats function as:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. precursors of cholesterol and sex hormones

[ ] b. components of cell membranes

[ ] c. vehicles for carrying certain vitamins

[ ] d. suppliers of essential fatty acids

Term

Essential fatty acids include:

 

Definition

 

[X] a. linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids

Term

Alpha-linolenic acid is the parent of:

 

Definition

 

[X] a. the omega-3 fatty acid family

Term

DHA and EPA are fatty acids that can be found in:

 

Definition

[] b. fatty fish

[ ] c. human milk

Term

Regular consumption of fish protects against:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. irregular heartbeat

[ ] b. sudden death

[ ] c. stroke and high blood pressure

[ ] d. plaque formation in arteries

Term

Fats (lipids) come in two basic types,:

 

 

Definition

 

[X] b. saturated and unsaturated

Term

The list of unhealthy fats includes:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. trans fats

[ ] b. saturated fats

[ ] c. cholesterol

Term

Fat soluble vitamins include:

 

Definition

 

[X] a. vitamins A, D, E, and K

Term
vitamins
Definition
 do not provide energy or serve as structural components of the body.
Term

Vitamins that serve as antioxidants include:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. vitamin C

[ ] b. vitamin E

[ ] c. beta-carotene

Term

High intakes of phytochemicals from __________, _______, ____, _____, and _________ may partially account for lower rates of __________ and ____________ in people with high intakes of these foods.

 

Definition

 vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and whole grains  heart disease and cancer

Term
Minerals are unlike other nutrients
Definition
in that they consist of single atoms and carry a charge in solution.
Term

Water plays roles in:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. energy transformations

[ ] b. excretions of wastes

[ ] c. temperature regulation

Term
Dietary supplements
Definition
do not have to be shown to be safe and effective before they are sold.
Term

Products made with refined grains (e.g. bread, cornmeal, crackers, flour tortillas) must use flours enriched with:

 

Definition

 

[X] b. thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron

Term

Individual-level nutrition assessment includes:

 

Definition

multiple 24-hr recalls

dietary histories

Term

 generally used for assessments of individual diets

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. food frequency questionnaires

[ ] b. multiple 24-hr recalls

[ ] c. dietary histories

Term

Anthropometric assessment includes measure of:

 

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. bone density

[ ] b. height and weight

Term

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program is for nutritionally at-risk populations, including:

Definition

 

[ ] a. low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women

[ ] b. low-income children under 5 years of age

Term

The Dietary Guidelines (2005 edition) recommend that foods should be chosen to limit the intake of:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. saturated fat

[ ] b. trans fats

[ ] c. cholesterol

Term

The Dietary Guidelines (2005 edition) include recommendations for

 

Definition

The Dietary Guidelines (2005 edition) include recommendations for

[ ] a. physical activity

[ ] b. carbohydrates

[ ] c. sodium and potassium

[ ] d. food groups to encourage

Term

Infertility in males may be related to all of the following except:

 

Definition

[X] e. low calcium status

Term

Inadequate folate very early in pregnancy can cause

Definition
neural tube defects.
Term

It is recommended that women who may become pregnant consume:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. 400 mcg of folic acid

[ ] b. no more than 5000 IU of vitamin A

[ ] c. little or no alcoholic beverages

Term

It is commonly recommended that women reduce their intake of caffeine to decrease PMS symptoms.

 

Definition

to decrease PMS symptoms.

 

Term

Which of the following supplements appear to decrease symptoms of PMS in many women?

 

 

Definition

 

[X] e. vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium

Term

High blood glucose levels during the first two months of pregnancy can cause:

 

Definition

 

[X] b. congenital abnormalities

Term
Glycemic load (GL)
Definition
 is a measure of the extent to which blood glucose levels are raised by a specific amount of carbohydrate-containing food.
Term

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is characterized by:

 

Definition

 

[ ] a. infertility

[ ] b. obesity or high levels of intra-abdominal fat

[ ] c. excessive body hair

[ ] d. high blood levels of insulin, triglycerides, and androgens

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