Term
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Definition
- Coenzyme involved in ATP production, DNA and RNA synthesis
- Deficiency: Beriberi
- wasting of lower body and extremeties
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Term
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Definition
- Coenzyme forms: FMN and FAD
- Facilitates release of energy from nutrients
- Destroyed by light
- DEFICIENCY: ariboflavinosis
- inflammation of mouth and tongue
- cracks at sides of mouth
- weakness, anemia, confusion
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Term
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Definition
- Forms: nicotinic acid, nicotinamide
- used to make NAD+ and NADP
- Can be made from tryptophan
- DEFICIENCY: Pellagra
- Mexico!
- Low protein diets centered on corn
- TOXICITY: drug-like effect on nervous system, blood lipids, blood glucose
- usually from having too much tryptophan
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Term
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Definition
- Involved in 100+ steps of synthesisof lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, hemoglobin
- Active form: CoA
- Destroyed by extreme heat
- DEFICIENCY: general failure of body systems
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Term
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Definition
- Sulfur containing vitamin
- CARRIES O2 out of TCA cycle
- DEFICIENCY: depression, anemia, dermatitis, muscle pain, hair loss, hallucination
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Term
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Definition
- Primary coenzyme form: PLP
- can transfer amino groups (like tryptophan --> niacin)
- DEFICIENCY: headache, anemia, convulsions, vomiting, flaky skin, neuropathy
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Term
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Definition
- Coenzyme forms: DHF and THF
- Synthesize DNA!!!
- Vit. C protects folate from being oxidized
- Heat, light, O2 destroy folate
- Pregnant woman deficient: spina bifida
- DEFICIENCY: macrocytic anemia
- Red blood cells remain immature. cells are large anccontain organelles not found in RBCs
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Term
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Definition
- Coenzyme involved in folate metabolism
- maintains sheath surronding/protecting nerves
- NOT found in veggies! Only animals!
- DEFICIENCY: macrocytic anemia, poor nerve function
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Term
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Definition
- Enhances absorption of: iron, copper, chromium
- Destroys free radicals
- DEFICIENCY: scurvy-- poor wound healing, pinpoint hemorrhages, bleeding gums, bruising
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Term
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Definition
- 3 forms: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
- Cell differentiation, healthy immune system, strong bones, vision
- Retinal + opcin --> rhodopsin
- DEFICIENCY: Night blindness, Xerophthalmia (dry eyes and searing), hyperkeratosis (rough skin)
- Golden Rice
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Term
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Definition
- Regulation of blood Ca concentration, gene expression, cell differentiation, increase absorption of Ca and phosphorous
- DEFICIENCY: rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
- TOXICITY: hypercalcemia (deposit of Ca in soft tissue; affects nervous system; can cause death)
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Term
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Definition
- Acts as an antioxidant; prevents breakdown of vit A and unsaturated fatty acids
- DEFICIENCY: neuromusclar problems,loss of concentration, muscle pain, hemolytic anemia
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Term
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Definition
- Phylloquinone (K1), Menaquinone (K2-- blood clotting),Menadione (K3 -- produced commercially)
- DEFICIENCY/TOXICITY: rare; deficiency signs-- excessive bleeding
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