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FCE 225 - Exam 1
Exam 1 Terms
28
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Undergraduate 1
01/28/2010

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Term
Cognitive development
Definition
A major domain of development that involves changes in mental activity, including sensation, perception, memory, thought, reasoning, and language.
Term
Culture
Definition
The social heritage of a people - those learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to another.
Term
Development
Definition
The orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to maturation to death.
Term
Developmental psychology
Definition
The branch of psychology that investigates how individuals change over time while remaining in some respects the same.
Term
Ecological approach/Ecological theory
Definition
Bronfenbrenner's system of understanding development, according to which the study of developmental influences must include the person's interaction with the environment, the person's changing physical and social settings, the relationship among those settings, and how the entire process is affected by the society in which the settings are embedded.
Term
Emotional-social development
Definition
(Also called psychosocial development) A major domain of development that includes changes in an individual's personality, emotions, and relationships with others.
Term
Goal of the field of the human development
Definition
1. To describe changes that typically occur across the life span. [Ex. 18-29 yr olds moving away from parents. Percentage of who goes to work, get married, etc.]
2. To explain these changes - to specify the determinants of developmental change. [Ex. what factors impact a young person's decisions to leave home? How are they influenced by their surroundings/peers?]
3.To predict developmental changes. [Ex. What are the consequences of delayed leaving of parents or returning. What impacts it?]
4. To be able to use their knowledge to intervene in the course of events in order to control them. [Ex. Boomerang effect, people returning to parents house causing new societies of emerging adulthood]
Term
Growth
Definition
The increase in size that occurs with age.
Term
Learning
Definition
The more or less permanent change in behavior that results from the individual's experience in the environment across the entire life span.
Term
Physical development
Definition
Changes that occur in a person's body, including changes in weight and height; in the brain, heart, and other organ structures and processes; and in skeletal, muscular, and neurological features that affect motor, sensory, and coordination skills.
Term
Social norms
Definition
Standards and expectations that specify what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate behavior for individuals at various periods in the life span.
Term
Spatial ability
Definition
The ability to mentally manipulate images in different dimensions.
Term
Case-study method
Definition
A special type of longitudinal study that focuses on a single individual rather than a group of subjects.
Term
Control group
Definition
In an experiment, a group of participants who are similar to the participants in the experimental group but do not receive the independent variable (treatment). The results obtained with the control group are compared with the results of the experimental group.
Term
Correlation coefficient
Definition
The numerical expression of the degree or extent of relationship between two or more variables or conditions.
Term
Cross-cultural method
Definition
A study in which researchers compare data from two or more societies and cultures. Culture, rather than individuals, is the subject of analysis
Term
Scientific method
Definition
A systematic and formal process for conducting research, including selecting a researchable problem, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, arriving at conclusions, and making the findings possible.
Term
Sequential design
Definition
A combination of the longitudinal and cross sectional methods of research.
Term
Social survey method
Definition
A reasearch method used to study the incidence of specific behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs in a large population of people.
Term
Age cohort
Definition
(also called cohort or birth cohort) A group of persons born in the same time interval.
Term
Age Strata
Definition
Social layers within societies that are based on chronological age and serve to differentiate people as superior or inferior, higher or lower.
Term
Event sampling
Definition
A research technique of recording a class of behaviors observed at specific time intervals.
Term
Selective attribution
Definition
Theory that individuals who drop out of study tend to be different from those who remain in study.
Term
Time sampling
Definition
An observational technique that involves counting the occurrences of a specific behavior over systematically spaced intervals of time.
Term
Confounding
Definition
A variable that may occur in research when the elements under study are mingled so they cannot be distinguished or separated.
Term
Extraneous variables
Definition
Factors that can confound the outcome of an experiment, such as the age and gender of the subjects, the time of day the study is conducted, the educational levels of the subjects, the setting for the experiment, and so on.
Term
Informed consent
Definition
An ethical standard, estabished by the American Psychological Association, that requires the researcher to inform each subject about the research study and obtain from each subject his or her voluntary, written consent to participate in a research study.
Term
Right to privacy
Definition
An ethical standard established b the American Psychological Association requiring that researchers keep confidential all their records of behaviors or information about research participants.
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