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Faults
Faults
22
Geology
Undergraduate 2
04/27/2010

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Term
Anticline
Definition
Upfold.
Term
Syncline
Definition
Downfold.
Term
Monocline
Definition
Has only one side (limb) of a fold.
Term
Overturned Fold
Definition
Fold is over-steepened (past vertical on one limb (side).
Term
Overthrust Fold
Definition
Over-steepened fold that has broken (faulted) due to shear.
Term
Recumbent Fold
Definition
Axial plane of fold is essential horizontal.
Term
Water Gap
Definition
Where a stream course passes through a ridge.
Term
Wind Gap
Definition
Former water gaps that have been abandoned, usually due to stream capture.
Term
Fault
Definition
A fracture along which there has been movement.
Term
Normal Fault
Definition
Fault that results from tension (extension) of the Earth's crust; very often associated with divergent plate boundaries.
Term
Reverse Fault
Definition
Results from compression of the Earth's crust; associated with convergent boundaries.
Term
Strike-Slip Fault
Definition
Adjacent blocks displaced laterally relative to each other; associated wit transform plate boundaries.
Term
Oblique-Slip Fault
Definition
Both horizontal and vertical components of movement, sometimes with rotation.
Term
Overthrust
Definition
Result from compression and one side of fault pushing up over the other; associated with convergent plate boundaries.
Term
Fault Block Mountains
Definition
A fault on one side of a rock sequence with asymmetrical uplift.
Term
Horst
Definition
Uplifted block bounded by normal faults; indicated extension.
Term
Graben
Definition
Downthrown block bounded by normal faults; indicates extension.
Term
Rift Valley
Definition
Usually refers to a particularly long graben.
Term
Fault Creep
Definition
Slow movement along a fault.
Term
Focus
Definition
Subsurface location of movement along a fault.
Term
Epicenter
Definition
Point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.
Term
Richter Scale
Definition
Exponential scale of earthquake intensity.
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