Term
| Location of Fatty Acid synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of Fatty Acid oxidation |
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Definition
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Term
| What needs to happen to Acetyl CoA before fatty acid synthesis can occur? |
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Definition
| It needs to be transported out of the mitochondrion |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA transportation Stage 1 |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA + Oxaloactate --> Citrate
Gives off CoA-SH |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA transportation Stage 2 |
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Definition
| Citrate happily transported across membrane due to excess citrate |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA Transportation Stage 3 |
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Definition
Citrate --> Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate
ATP to ADP + Pi
Using ATP citrate lyase enzyme
Insulin increases aactivity |
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Term
| Does it matter that ATP citrate lyase uses energy from ATP? |
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Definition
| No, because there is excess from food/sugar |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA Transport Stage 4 |
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Definition
Oxaloacetate-->Malate
Using NADH (reducing) |
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Term
| What is abnormal about stage 4? |
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Definition
| NADH is not normally used as a reducing agent |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA Transport Stage 5 |
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Definition
Malate--> Pyruvate
NADP+ -> NADPH |
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Term
| What is useful about stage 5? |
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Definition
| NAPDH produced is a reducing agent for fatty acid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetyl CoA is converted to Acetyl ACP and Malonyl ACP |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct transfer of CoA and ACP using acetyl transacylase enzyme |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA to Malonyl ACP |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA-> Malonyl CoA-> Malonyl ACP
Using acetyl carboxylase enzyme and malonyl transacylase for the direct transfer of CoA and ACP |
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Term
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Definition
Condensation
Malonyl ACP + Acetyl ACP -> Acetoacetyl ACP
Gives off CO2 and ACP |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction (1St)
Acetoacetyl ACP -> Intermediate
Using NADPH |
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Term
| What are sources of NADPH |
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Definition
| Pentose phosphate pathway or NADP+ linked malate enzyme reaction |
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Term
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Definition
Dehydration
Intermediate->Intermediate
Gives off H2O
Forms C=C bond |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction (2nd)
Intermediate -> Butyryl ACP
Using NADPH |
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Term
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Definition
Continued Elongation
Butyryl ACP -> eventually Palmitoyl ACP
Adding Malonyl ACP |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA contains what type of carbons? |
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Definition
| Oxidised (Low energy form) |
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Term
| Fatty Acids contains what type of carbon? |
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Definition
| Reduced (High energy form) |
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Term
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Definition
Termination
Palmitoyl ACP -> Palmitoyl CoA
CoA added and ACP given off
By thioesterase |
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Term
| How is Acetyl CoA carboxylase made inactive |
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Definition
| By kinase phosphorylation. ATP is added by kinase enzyme |
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Term
| How is acetyl CoA corboxylase activated |
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Definition
| Phophatase enzyme which removed the inorganic phosphate |
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Term
| Which hormone increases phosphatase enzyme activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the effect of insulin on Acetyl CoA carboxylase make sense? |
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Definition
| Insulin is present when blood glucose is high which is when energy needs to be stored for energy reserves |
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Term
| Which two hormones reduce phosphatase enzyme activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the effect of glucagon and adrenaline on Acetyl CoA Carboxylase make sense? |
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Definition
| Glucagon is present when blood glucose is low. Adrenaline is present for fight/flight. Both occasions need energy readily available so counter-productive to store Acetyl CoA as fatty acids. |
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Term
| What enzyme is needed for fatty acid synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about fatty acid synthase? |
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Definition
| All stages of fatty acid synthesis are catalysed by different sub-units on the same enzyme. |
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Term
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Definition
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