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Fatty Acid Synthesis
Part 1
14
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
07/26/2006

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Term
Fatty acids are taken up by cells, where they may serve as precursors in the sythesis of other compounds
Definition
as fuels for energy production, and as substrates for ketone body sythesis
Term
Ketones bodies may be exported to other tissues where they can be used for
Definition
energy production
Term
Fats are an important source of dietary calories. Typically ___% of calories in the American diet are from fat.
Definition
30-40
Term
Fat is the major form of energy storage. In a typical individual the fuel reserves are distributed as follows:
Definition
fat: 100,000 kcal

protein: 25,000 kcal

carbohydrate: 650 kcal
Term
Fatty acids are intermediates in the sythesis of other important compounds. Examples include:
Definition
phospholipids (in membranes), Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leucotrienes, which play a role in physiological regulation
Term
Some diseases involve disturbances in fatty acid metabolism. These include:
Definition
diabetes mellitus, specific disorders of fatty acid oxidation, such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Reye Syndrome, which might be related to a deficiency of medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of fatty acid oxidation
Term
Here are the major metabolic sources of acetyl CoA and some of the pathways for which it serves as a substrate
Definition
[image]
Term
Acetyl CoA is at the center of lipid metabolism. It is produced from:
Definition
Fatty acids, glucose (through pyruvate), Amino acids, Ketone bodies
Term
Acetyl CoA can be converted to fatty acids, which in turn give rise to:
Definition
triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, ketone bodies
Term
Acetyl CoA is the precursor of cholesterol, which can be converted to:
Definition
steroid hormones, bile acids
Term
Acetyl Co Metabolism produces energy, generated by the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA to
Definition
carbon dioxide and water through the tricarboxlic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Term
The structure of Acetyl CoA consists of two parts:
Definition
Acetyl group and Coenzyme A
Term
Coenzyme A:
Definition
Beta-mercaptoethylamine, Pantothenic acid (not synthesized in man - an essential nutrient), phosphate, 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate
Term
Function of CoA
Definition
CoA is a commonly used carrier for activated acyl groups (acetyl, fatty acyl and others). The thioester bond which links the acyl group to CoA has a large negative standard free energy of hydrolysis (-7.5kcal/mole). This qualifies it as a high energy bond, and explains why an acyl group attached to CoA in this manner is considered to be activated.
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