Term
| where is lipogenesis occuring? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| these are precursors of prostaglandins |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of gastric and pancreatic lipases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the epithelial cells in the small intestines? |
|
Definition
| synthesize FA triacyl glycerols that are packaged into chylomicrons. |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of lipoprotein lipase? |
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Definition
| they hydrolyze triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL to FA's |
|
|
Term
| what is the major precursor for FA synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the enzyme that synthesizes FA |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does FA synthase require? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the acetyl coA derived from to promote FA synthesis? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pentose phosphate pathway and malic enzyme |
|
|
Term
| what is the committed step in FA synthesis |
|
Definition
| acetyl coA carboxylase (requires bicarbonate and ATP) |
|
|
Term
| what is the major regulatory enzyme in FA synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes the acetyl CoA carboxylase active? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does insulin regulate ACC |
|
Definition
| protein phosphatase dephosphorylates it making active |
|
|
Term
| how does Glucagon affect ACC? |
|
Definition
| activation of PKA and phosphorylation and INACTIVATION of ACC |
|
|
Term
| what is the -SH that the growing FA is being transferred between? |
|
Definition
| -SH of the cysteine group of B-ketoacyl synthase and ACP |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the condensation reaction |
|
Definition
| acetyl group is transferred from cys SH group to the malonyl group with CO2 being lost |
|
|
Term
| a large quantity of this is required for FA synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this pathway provides acetyl coA and NADPH for lipogenesis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does the conversion of oxaloacetate to pyruvate in the cytosol do? |
|
Definition
| transfers a pair of electrons from NADH to generate NADPH |
|
|
Term
| FA elongation occurs in the mitochondria under what conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the electron donor in the mitochondria during FA elongation |
|
Definition
| malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and NADH |
|
|
Term
| what does the ER use as electron donors in FA synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the preferred substrate in the ER in FA elongation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does FA desaturation occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these introduce cis double bonds into FA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does monoxygenase require? |
|
Definition
| molecular oxygen and NADPH |
|
|
Term
| human desaturase cannot introduce double bonds where? |
|
Definition
| between Carbon 10 and the methyl (omega) end of the FA chain. |
|
|
Term
| what is the effect of trans unsaturated FA? |
|
Definition
antagonize the metabolism of essential FA
they raise plasma LDL levels and lower HDL levels |
|
|
Term
| what are TAG synthesized from |
|
Definition
| fatty Acyl CoA and glycerol 3-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway for synthesis of TAG |
|
Definition
| dihydroxyacetone phosphate is reduced to glycerol 3 phosphate-->triglyceride. |
|
|
Term
| where is dihydroxyacetone phosphate derived from in the fed state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dihydroxyacetone phosphate is derived predominantly by what in the fed and fast state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are FA re-deposited back into the adipose tissue? |
|
Definition
| the amount of FA released exceeds amount used for energy by other tissues |
|
|
Term
| what is the rate controlling enzyme of glycerogenesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of glytazones? |
|
Definition
| induce activity of PEPCK in liver and fat |
|
|
Term
| the rate of lipogenesis is higher in who? |
|
Definition
| well fed animals on high carbs |
|
|
Term
| expression of ACC AND FA synthase increases when? |
|
Definition
| in response to the fed state. |
|
|
Term
| when is the expression of ACC and FA synthase decreased? |
|
Definition
| fasting, diabetes, feeding of fat. |
|
|
Term
| what is ACC and FA synthase regulated by in the short term |
|
Definition
| allosteric and covalent modifcation of enzymes |
|
|
Term
| when citrate activates ACC, this is an indicator of |
|
Definition
| a plentiful supply of acetyl CoA |
|
|
Term
| what causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which -SH is the molecule FIRST transferred to? |
|
Definition
| the acetyl group to phosphopantheteine molecule of ACP |
|
|
Term
| where is the acetyl group transferred to next after the ACP? |
|
Definition
| -SH group of ketoacyl ACP synthase |
|
|
Term
| this group is transferred first from its molecules to the which -SH group of.... |
|
Definition
| malonyl group transferred from malonyl-CoA to the first SH group of ACP |
|
|
Term
| what is palmitic acid released by? |
|
Definition
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