Term
| What are the levels of organization of the current U.S. apparel industry? |
|
Definition
1. Textiles and Findings Manufacturers
2. Apparel Manufacturers--Apparel Contractors-- Retail Product Development
3. Manufacturer-Owned Retailers-- Manufacturer Outlets--Catalog Retailers--Department Store Retailers-- Internet Retailers--Mass Retailers--Specialty Retailers-- Warehouse/Wholesale Clubs--Retailer Outlets
4. Consumers |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Fashion? |
|
Definition
| A way of BEHAVING (style of dress/clothing) that is temporarily adopted by a DISCERNABLE PROPORTION of members of a social group because the chosen behavior is PERCEIVED to be socially appropriate for the time and situation. |
|
|
Term
| What is NEEDED in fashion in order for a fashion to prevail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of consumer products affected by fashion? |
|
Definition
| cars, furniture, accents, appliances-colors/more design features, cell phones, laptops, technology, books, glasses, hairstyles, make-up |
|
|
Term
| How can fashion affect ways of behaving? |
|
Definition
| where it's popular to live (dorms, state (for retirement), popular majors in college (nursing), popular movies and books (twilight), sports to play or watch (football), diets to go on (south beach, acai berry), Celebrities we like (Leonardo DiCaprio) |
|
|
Term
| What are two ways to analyze fashion? |
|
Definition
1. Fashion as an object
2. Fashion as a process |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition for Fashion as an object? |
|
Definition
| Actual product or object with physical features |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Fashion as a process? |
|
Definition
-How and why styles emerge
-How and why styles are adopted
-How and why did styles decline |
|
|
Term
| What are the Five Principles of Fashion? |
|
Definition
1. CONSUMERS establish fashions by accepting or rejecting the styles offered
2. Fasions are NOT BASED ON PRICE
3. Fasions are evolutionary in nature; they are rarely revolutionary
4. No amount of sales promotion can change the direction in which fashions are moving.
5. All fasions end in excess (short mini skirts, holes in jeans/ low rise jeans) |
|
|
Term
| What are three misconceptions about fashion? |
|
Definition
1. Designers and retailers dectate what the fasion will be and force it on helpless consumers
2. Fashion acts as an influence on women only
3. Fashion is a mysterious and unpredictable force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A style that is widely accepted and used by the masses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fashion classics? |
|
Definition
| Styles that endure over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Characteristic or distictive appearance of a garment (v-neck, inset sleeve, cardigan vs. pullover) |
|
|
Term
| What is the process Fashion goes through? (Fashion as a process) |
|
Definition
1. Object or way of behaving is CREATED.
2. INTRODUCED to consumers (advertisments, visual media)
3. ADOPTED by fashion leaders
4. DIFFUSED or spread to other consumers
5. DECLINE in use until TERMINATED |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of the Diffusion Process for Innovations? |
|
Definition
| It explains how consumers accept innovations (new styles or fashions) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Diffusion Process for Innovations? |
|
Definition
1. The CONCEPT of an innovation
2. The CHARACTERISTCS of and innovation that influence it's acceptance among potential adopters.
3. The MENTAL process one goes through in adopting an innovation.
4. The DIFFUSION of an innovation to many adopters
5. The role of CHANGE AGENTS as leaders in the diffusion process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An idea, practice, or object PERCEIVED as new by an individual.
OR
A style or design PERCEIVED as new by an individual. |
|
|
Term
| What are the six Characteristics of an Innovation? |
|
Definition
1. relative advantage (high)
2. Compatibility (high)
3. Complexity of Use (low)
4. Trialability (high)
5. Observability (high or easy)
6. Immediacy of benefit (high) |
|
|
Term
| What is relative advangage as it relates to characteristics of innovations? |
|
Definition
Degree to which a new item is more satisfactory than a previous alternative
Measured in lower cost, greater prestige, easier care, more pleasing aesthetics.
example: Wearing stilhettos for class would have LOW relative advantage. Wearing Stilhettos for a fancy dinner would have HIGH relative advantage. |
|
|
Term
| What is Compatibility as it relates to characteristics of an innovation? |
|
Definition
Consumers adopt idems that go along with norms and behaviors as well as go along with their value.
Example: String bikini's have LOW compatibility while polo shirts have a high compatibility b/c many people have them. |
|
|
Term
| What is Complexity of Use as it relates to Characteristics of an innovation? |
|
Definition
Amount of difficulty a person has in understanding and learning to use an innovation
Example: Hairstlyes- high vs. low maintenance, strapless bras, scarves |
|
|
Term
| What is Trialability as it relates to characteristics to an innovation? |
|
Definition
having the opportunity to try on a product on a limited level before deciding to purchase it.
Example: Hats, glasses, apparel, make-up
(Low: Pantyhoes, underwear, haircut) |
|
|
Term
| What is Observability as it relates to the characteristics of an innovation? |
|
Definition
The extent to which an innovation is visible and communicable to others
Example: want low observability in Tattoos, plastic surgery (positive thing) Low observability in TJMaxx and Forever 21 (negative). Positive example- The Buckle, grocery stores |
|
|
Term
| What is the immediacy of benefit as it relates to the characteristics of an innovation? |
|
Definition
how fast the benefit is aquired
Example: Low- life insurance, weight loss. High- car, clothes, haircut, food |
|
|
Term
| What is the mental processes in the adoption of an innovation? |
|
Definition
1. awareness (magazines, commercials)
2. interest in obtaining more info (learn about product through research)
3. evaluation of the innovation (form attitude about it- want it or don't)
4. trial of the innovation (test it out)
5. decision to adopt or reject innovation |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of a social system? |
|
Definition
A group of individuals who interact regularly
Ex. residence hall floor, city, maryville, sorority/fraternity |
|
|
Term
| What are the three kind of social groups within a social system? |
|
Definition
1. Innovators (visual)
2. Opinion Leaders (verbal)
3. Innovative communicators (visual and verbal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People that tend to be early adopters. First people to wear something; comfortable with new things. They like change, are non-conforming, and confident. They are not necessarily influencial. |
|
|
Term
| What are opinion leaders? |
|
Definition
| They are people that influence adoption through personal communication, contact, and influence with other people; they legitimize fashions. |
|
|
Term
| What are Innovative Communicators? |
|
Definition
| People who buy new products and are good with interpersonal communication to help adopt new ideas. |
|
|
Term
| What can affect fashion across social systems? |
|
Definition
1. Geography (fashions travel from urban --> rural)
2. Mobility (people that travel and have more contact outside of social system will bring back different fasions)
3. Innovative (fasions go from a social system that favors change --> slow adopters of change)
4. Marketing systems ( more competitive --> less competitive OR companies more likely to take risk in new innovation if live in big city than people who live in a small city bc they don't know if consumers will adopt the new innovation) |
|
|
Term
| Define the Upper class, trickle down, and downward flow theory. |
|
Definition
-The oldest theory of fashion adoption
-According to this theory, fashion is introduced to those at the highest socioeconomic levels and trickles down through copying by the lower classes |
|
|
Term
| Why did the trickle down theory work best in a pyramid shaped society? |
|
Definition
| because those at the top wanted to be distinctive but as the fashion trickled down and were reinterpreted to the lower class, the upper class was already changing their style again to remain more distictive. |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the difficulties in explaining fashion? |
|
Definition
-Social structure has changed- not a pyramid but more like rolling hills with many social groups and many directions that fashion can travel
-Widespread intro and distribution at various price points (mass production and mass distribution)
-Lifestyle changes- work is chic! Middle class are conspicuous consumers due to standards of living. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Horizontal flow, mass market, and trickle across theory? |
|
Definition
-Proposed by Dr. Charles King, Marketing Theorist
-States that fashions move horizontally between groups at similar social levels rather than vertically
-newer theory
-Fashion info is available simultaneously to all socio-economic levels which is assured by the industry's marketing strategy and mass communication.
-each socioeconomic level has fashion innovators and opinion leaders- start new fashions within their social systems fashions diffuse horizontally to mass consumers in each system. |
|
|
Term
| Each system may have its own fashions or different interpretations of the same fashion varying in: |
|
Definition
simplicity
amount of fabric
fabric quality
quality of construction
design details
price |
|
|
Term
| What does the Horizontal Flow theory show about people? |
|
Definition
That we are more concerned with what other people in our own network or social system are wearing than people at the top are wearing
-each group has its own characteristics and its own fashion ideas and needs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Upward flow, trickle up, and subcultural innovation theory? |
|
Definition
New fashions originate from groups with lower status in the society
-lower status due to:
age
race
ethnic group
religion
ex. saggy pants |
|
|
Term
| Is there a direct corrolation between the fashion cycle and the develpment of marketing strategies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Market Shar most definitely depends on the fashion marketers' understanding of what? |
|
Definition
-The theory that guides the movement of a particular style at a particular time
-The stage in the life cycle of that style |
|
|
Term
| What is the overall goal to merchandising? |
|
Definition
| The overall goal is to have the RIGHT PRODUCTS at the RIGHT PRICE in the RIGHT PLACE at the RIGHT TIME in the RIGHT QUANTITIES!-- If you don't give your customers what they want, someone else will! |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of the movement of fashion? |
|
Definition
| Factors that promote fashion change. |
|
|
Term
| What are the factors that promote fashion change? |
|
Definition
-Open class system (democratic society-best)
-Widespread buying power (wealth or abundance)
-Increased Leisure and Sports
-Education
-Cultural contact
-Emphasis on Youth (cosmetics, gym, weight loss programs)
-Improved status of women
- Advances in technoloty (spandex, comfort, skin imaging)
-sales promotion and seasonal change |
|
|
Term
| What are factors that restrict fashion change? |
|
Definition
-Reductions in consumer buyin gpower
-sumptuary laws (regulate dress and what you can and can't purchase)
-Custom (white wedding dress)
-Religion (up to 1930's women had to wear corsets or else they were considered "loose")
-Geographic isolation (isolated- traditional dress/ no influence) |
|
|
