Term
|
Definition
| pupil dilation, dec GI motility, inc HR & contractility, bronchial dilation, hepatic glucose release, vasoconstriction, inc coagulation, copious sweating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pupil constriction, inc GI secretions & motility, dec HR w/ dec force, bronchial constriction, glycogen stored |
|
|
Term
| what parts of neurotransmitters can be modified by drugs? |
|
Definition
| Synthesis, storage, release, inactivation |
|
|
Term
| what are the ANS neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholine, norepi, epi |
|
|
Term
| Preganglionic neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic postgangion neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic postganglion neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptors respond to epi or NE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nicotinic N receptor subtype location |
|
Definition
| all ANS ganglia and adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| nicotinic N receptor response |
|
Definition
| stimulate para and sympa postganglionic nerves, release epi from adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| nicotinic M receptor subtype location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nicotinic M receptor response |
|
Definition
| contraction of skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| muscarinic receptor subtype location |
|
Definition
| all para target organs: eye, heart, lung, bladder, GI tract, sex organs, sweat glands, blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| muscarinic receptor subtype response |
|
Definition
Eye: miosis, near vision
Heart: dec HR
Lung: bronchial constriction, secretion promotion
Bladder: voiding of bladder d/t relaxed sphincters and bladder pressure
GI: salivation, inc secretions, inc intestinal tone and motility
Sex organs: erection
Blood Vessels: vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| alpha 1 receptor location |
|
Definition
| Eye, Arterioles, Viens, penis, prostate, bladder |
|
|
Term
| alpha 1 response to receptor activation |
|
Definition
Eye: mydriasis
Arterioles: constriction
Veins: constriction
Penis: ejaculate
Prostate: contract
Bladder: contract sphincter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta 1 response to receptor activation |
|
Definition
Heart: inc HR, force of contraction, AV conduvtion
Kidney: renin release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arterioles, Bronchi, Uterus, Liver, Skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| beta 2 response to receptor activation |
|
Definition
Arterioles: dilation
Bronchi: dilation
Uterus: relaxation
Liver: glycogenolysis
Skeletal Muscle: enhanced contraction, glycogenolysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that breaks down ACh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits enzyme that breaks down ACh so it increases activation of ACh receptors and prolong ACh activity |
|
|
Term
| reversible anticholinesterase |
|
Definition
| neostigmine, physostigmin |
|
|
Term
| irreversible anticholinesterase |
|
Definition
| organophosates (insecticides) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inc para effct smooth muscle, cardiac, exocrine glands & eyes
Results: salivation, sweating, inc GI tone and activity, bradycardia, miosis, vasodilation
Uses: treat urinary retention or gastric distention, treat glaucoma
Antidote is atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune process in which cholinergic receptors are destroyed by the immune system. Since receptors are damaged, we enhance ACh by stopping cholinesterase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use cholinergics to improve neurotransmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit action of ACh at postsynaptiv receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow SANS activity (fight or flight) |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic drug of choice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treat bradycardia
dec resp secretion pre-op
dilate eyes
reduce GI secretion & motility
relieve biliary/renal colic
*antidote to OD w/ cholinergics or organophosphates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry mouth, eyes, nose
blurred vision, photophobia
urinary hesitance, retention
constipation
tachycardia & palpations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glaucoma, urinary retention, tachycardia, asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Adrenergic Agonist Effects |
|
Definition
inc HR & contractility
Vasoconstriction, inc BP
bronchodilation
uterine relaxation
Inc BG
inc muscle tone, tremor
pupillary dilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subsets of Adrenergic Agonists |
|
Definition
Catecholamines
Noncatacholamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
RAPIDLY degraded by MAO & enzyme COMT = SHORT half life, 1st pass effect = not PO
no crossing BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no breakdown by MAO or COMT = longer duration, ok for PO, crosses BBB |
|
|
Term
| Whew, some catecholamine rush! |
|
Definition
| Dr's response to saving kids life...inc HR, contractility, BG need, O2 need |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine (adrenergic Agonist) activation |
|
Definition
| activates alpha 1,2 beta 1,2 dopamine & histamine = not specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasoconstriction, topical surface bleeding, nasal decongestion, inc BP, mydriasis
can cause tissue necrosis so careful IV use |
|
|
Term
| Epi adverse effects on alpha 1 |
|
Definition
| HTN, necrosis w/ IV, urinary retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eh..not of clinical significance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc HR & contractility = treat heart failure, cardiac arrest, shock |
|
|
Term
| epi adverse effects on beta 1 |
|
Definition
tachycardia
dysrhythmia
angina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relax smooth muscle = bronchodilate & delay preterm labor |
|
|
Term
| epi adverse effects on beta 2 |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia, tremor
albuterol |
|
|
Term
| effect of dopamine receptor activation |
|
Definition
| renal vasodilation, urinary output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in shock states = elevates BP by vasoconstriction and improved CO while sparing kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
for acute allergic reaction
vasoconstriction and bronchodilation immediately
inc CO, block histamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications for epi use |
|
Definition
| pts w/ tachycardia, high BP, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necrotic tissue, tachycardic pt, high BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MAOI (interact w/ everything), tricyclics |
|
|
Term
| why is epi use limited in clinics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha = phenylephrine (vasoconstrict, inc BP)
beta = isoproterenol (activates beta 1, improve cardiac conduction, inc CO & activates beta 2, bronchodilation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilate, dec BP, not given for HTN
cerebral vasocontsriction alleviates migraines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
END IN olol
beta 1 = cardiac rate, contraction & conduction
beta 2 = bronchioles & blood vessels
non selective (propranolol) |
|
|
Term
| what drug do you give during a heart attack? |
|
Definition
| beta 1 blocker = dec HR & force of contraction, lower BP angina & MI, dec AV conduction, glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dec glycogenolysis, and tremor
adverse effect = bronchoconstriction and hypoglycemia
blocks renin release = lower BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Propranolol (non selective)
lower BP in HTN
performance anxiety
dec HR in tachycardia
dec chest pain in CAD/MI
reduce tremor
prevent migraines |
|
|
Term
| cardioselective beta 1 blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta blocker pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
| first pass, high protein binding, 1/2 life determines dosing frequency, lipid solubiliy = inc CNS side effects |
|
|
Term
| beta blocker side effects |
|
Definition
| bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, lethargy, depression, sleep disturbance |
|
|
Term
| which pts should you be cautious in beta blocker administration? |
|
Definition
| diabetics, PVD, heart failure, asthma |
|
|
Term
| where are cholinergic receptors located? |
|
Definition
| entire parasympathetic system |
|
|
Term
| where are adrenergic receptors located? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Cholinergic activation (DUMBELS) |
|
Definition
| defecation, urination, miosis (constriction), electrical changes (slows HR), lacrimations (secretion) |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinestreases of note |
|
Definition
physostigmine (atropine antidote)
neostigmine (tx myasthenia gravis)
donepezil (aricept - enters CNS to inc ACh) |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic (Atropine) uses |
|
Definition
treat bradycardia
create pupillary dilation
slow GI tract
decrease secretions pre-op |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blind as a bat
red as a beet
dry as a bone
mad as a hatter
hot as a hare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholinergic inhaled for respiratory problems
causes bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| neuromuscular anticholinergic |
|
Definition
Paralytic - use in surgery, ER, ICU
causes paralysis & hypotension
pts LOA is the same, treat for pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turbocurarine, succinylcholine, pancuronium |
|
|
Term
| albuterol and levalbuterol uses |
|
Definition
| beta 2 agonist, inhaled to cause bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
| alpha adrenergic blockers of consequence |
|
Definition
Pazosin - anti HTN, treat BPH
Terazosin - anti HTN, treat BPH
Tamsulosin - treat BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonselective Beta Blocker adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| bradycardia, AV block, reduced CO, hypotension, fatigue, lethargy, bronchoconstriction, inhibition of glycogenolysis |
|
|
