a smile evoked by a

humanface, normally

first evident in infants about

6 weeks after birth

stranger

wariness

an infant’s expression

 of concern- a quiet stare

 when clinging to a familiar

person, or a look of sadness

-when a stranger appears

separation

anxiety

an infant’s distress when a

familiar caregiver leaves,

most obvious between

 9 and 14 months

Self

Awareness

a person’s realization that

he or she is a distinct

individual whose body,

mind, and actions are

separate from those of

 other people

the stimulation of one

sensory stimulus to the brain

by another

cross-modal

perception

textures seems associated

with vision and sounds with smells

oral

fixation

a person is stuck

at the oral stage and

therefore eats, drinks,

chews, bites, or talks

 excessively, in the quest

of the mouth related

pleasure that was denied

in infancy

anal

personality

if the toilet training is overly

strict or  if it begins too

early, parent infant interaction

 may become locked into

conflict over the toddler’s refusal

 or inability to comply

trust versus

mistrust

Erikson’s first crisis

 of psychosocial development.

Infants learn basic trust

if the world is a secure

 place where their basic

needs are met

social

learning

the acquisition of behavior

patterns by observing

the behavior of others

working

 model

in cognitive theory, a set

of assumptions that

the individual uses to organize

perceptions and experiences

to organize their perceptions

of other people

a theory that underlies

 the values and practices

of a culture but is not

usually apparent to

 the people within the culture

 inborn differences between one

 person and another in

emotions, activity, and

self-regulation. Temperament is

epigenetic, originating in the genes

but affected by child-rearing practices

the five basic clusters of personality

traits that remain quite stable

throughout life: openness,

conscientiousness, extroversion,

agreeableness, and neuroticism

care giving practices that involve

being physically close to the

baby, with frequent holding

and touching

care giving practices that involve

remaining distant from the

baby, providing toys, food,

 and face to face communication
with minimal holding and touching

a similarity of temperament and

values that produces a smooth

interaction between an individual

and his or her social context,

including family, school, and community

a coordinated, rapid, and

smooth exchange of responses

 between a caregiver and an infant

still face

technique

an experimental practice

in which an adult keeps 

his or her face unmoving and           

 expressionless in face to

 face interaction with an infant

according to Ainsworth

 “an affectional tie” that an infant

forms with a caregiver- a tie that

binds them together in space

and endures over time

secure attachment

(type B)

a relationship in which

an infant obtains both

comfort and confidence from

the presence of his

or her caregiver

caregiver giving

assurance that it is

safe to venture forth

insecure-avoidant

attachment (type A)

a pattern of attachment

 in which an infant avoids

connection with the caregiver,

 as when the infant seems

 not to care about the

 caregiver’s presence

departure, or return.

insecure resistant/

ambivalent attachment

(type C)

a pattern of attachment in

which an infant’s anxiety and

uncertainty are evident,

as when the infant becomes

very upset at separation from

the caregiver and both resists

and seeks contact on reunion

disorganized

 attachment (type D)

a type of attachment

 that is marked by an

infant’s inconsistent

reactions to the

caregiver’s departure

and return

a laboratory procedure

 for measuring attachment

by evoking infants’

reactions to the stress

of various adults’, coming

 and goings in an

unfamiliar playroom

Social

Referencing

seeking information about

how to react to an unfamiliar

or ambiguous object or

even by observing someone else’s

 expressions and reactions.

That other person becomes a

social reference (age 1)

committed

compliance

older toddlers seemed

to agree with the

mothers’ judgment

child care that includes

several children of

various ages and

usually occurs in the

 home of a woman

who is paid to provide it

child care that occurs in a

 place especially designed

for the purpose, where several

paid adults are for many children.

Usually the children are group by age,

the day care center is licensed,

and providers are trained and

certified in child development