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Famous Argument Forms
Creative Thinking Argument Forms
8
Other
Undergraduate 2
12/12/2010

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Cards

Term
Modus Ponens
Definition
If P, then Q
P                  .
Therefore, Q
Term
Modus Tollens
Definition
If P then Q
Not Q         .
Therefore, not P
Term
Hypothetical Syllogism
Definition
If P then Q
If Q then R
Therefore, if P then R
Term
Disjunctive Syllogism (or, Argument by Elimination)
Definition


P or Q            P or Q
Not P            Not Q
Therefore, Q        Therefore, P

 

This argument form says “we know one thing or another is the case; if it is not the first, it must be the second” and vice versa.

Term
Constructive Dilemma
Definition
Either P or Q
If P then R
If Q then S
Therefore, R or S
Term
Affirming the Consequent
Definition
If P, then Q
Q                .
Therefore, P
Term
Denying the Antecedent
Definition
If P, then Q
Not P
Therefore, not Q
Term
Disjunctive fallacy
Definition
P or Q
P
Therefore, not Q
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