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Family Systems PSY 564
Key terms for the PSY 564 exam
73
Psychology
Graduate
12/09/2012

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Term
accommodate
Definition
elements of a system automatically adapt in order to coordinate functioning; takes effort
Term
alliance
Definition
a strong relationship between two people that is not at the expense of a third.
Term
Boundary
Definition
physical or emotional barriers that are to protect and enhance integrity and individuality, or the family
Term
Circular Causality
Definition
actions are related through a series of loops or repeated cycles
Term
Cross-generational coalition
Definition
when an inappropriate relationship in the family is built between generations (parent to child) at the expense of another family member
Term
Complementary Relationships
Definition
based on differences that fit together where one person lacks, the other gives
Term
Complementarity
Definition
the reciprocity that is the defining feature of every relationship
Term
coalition
Definition
a relationship between two people that is at the expense of a third
Term
Differentiation of self
Definition
a healthy trait, when one is able to psychologically separate himself of emotions and intellect from others; opposite of fusion
Term
Disengagement
Definition
psychological isolation due to rigid boundaries
Term
Double bind
Definition
contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction are being received and leads to conflict
Term
Emotional reactivity
Definition
knee-jerk reactions that result when one responds irrationally
Term
Enactment
Definition
an interaction stimulated in family therapy that are designed to observe and then change transactions of the family structure
Term
Enmeshment
Definition
the loss of autonomy due to the blurring of boundaries
Term
Equifinality
Definition
the same goal can be met in a variety of ways (i.e. it does not matter who changes first).
Term
Expressive leader
Definition
one who functions as the social and emotional leader; typically the wife
Term
Externalization
Definition
the personifying of experiences as if external to the person
Term
Family homeostasis
Definition
when the family is resistant to any change in order to maintain their steady state
Term
Family rules
Definition
the standards/governors for redundant behavioral patterns
Term
family sturcture
Definition
the functional organization of families that determines how family members interact
Term
family system
Definition
the family conceived as a collective whole entity made up of individual parts plus the way they function together
Term
feedback loop
Definition
the return of a portion of the output of a system, especially when used to maintain the output within predetermined limits, or to signal a need to modify the system.
Term
First order change
Definition
the introduction of artificial changes within a system that does not alter the system
Term
Function of the symptom
Definition
the idea that symptoms are often ways to distract and otherwise protect family members from threatening conflicts
Term
Group dynamics
Definition
interactions among group members that emerge as a result of properties of the group rather than merely their individual personalities
Term
Hierarchical structure
Definition
family functioning based on clear generational boundaries of control and authority
Term
Instrumental leader
Definition
one who functions as the task and decision-maker; typically the husband
Term
Intensity
Definition
changing maladaptive transactions by using strong affect, repeated intervention, and prolonged pressure
Term
Invariant prescription
Definition
when parents are instructed to mysteriously run away together
Term
Joining
Definition
when the therapist gains the trust of their client/family
Term
Linear causality
Definition
the idea that 1 even is the cause and the other is the effect. A-->B
Term
Marital schism
Definition
overt marital conflict
Term
Marital Skew
Definition
when one partner dominates the other
Term
Metacommunication
Definition
every message has two levels: report and command
Term
Morphogenesis
Definition
the 'process' by which a system changes its structure to adapt to new contexts
Term
Mystification
Definition
when parents distort their child's reality by relabeling or ignoring
Term
Negative feedback
Definition
output that signals a system to correct or deviate
Term
Neutrality
Definition
balanced acceptance of family members
Term
Object relations
Definition
the idea that one's past determines a person's mode in current relationships
Term
Open System
Definition
a set of interrelated elements that exchange information, energy, and material with the surrounding environment
Term
Closed system
Definition
a functionally related group of elements regarded as forming a collective entity that does no interact with the surrounding environment
Term
Ordeals
Definition
a type of paradoxical intervention when a client is charged to do something more difficult that their symptoms
Term
paradox
Definition
a self-contradictory statement based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises
Term
paradoxical injunction
Definition
a technique used in strategic therapy whereby the therapist directs family members to continue their symptomatic bx.
Term
Positive connotation
Definition
ascribing positive motives to family bx in order to promote family cohesion and avoid resistance to therapy
Term
Pretend techniques
Definition
intervention where family members are asked to pretend to engage in symptomatic bx.
Term
Process
Definition
how one communicates/relates
Term
pseudohostility
Definition
superficial bickering that masks pathological alignments in schizophrenic families
Term
pseudomutuality
Definition
facade of family harmony that characterizes many schizophrenic families
Term
Reframing
Definition
relabeling a family's description of bx to make it more amenable to therapeutic change (lazy vs. depressed)
Term
Restraining
Definition
a strategic technique for overcoming resistance by suggesting that family not change
Term
rituals
Definition
a set of prescribed actions by the therapist to change the family rules
Term
Rubber fence
Definition
rigid boundaries that only allow minimal contact with the surrounding communities
Term
Second-order change
Definition
basic change in the structure and functioning of a system
Term
shaping
Definition
reinforcing change in small steps
Term
social constructivism
Definition
knowledge and meaning are shaped by culturally shared assumptions
Term
subsystem
Definition
smaller units in families
Term
symmetrical relationship
Definition
in relationships, equal or parallel form
Term
transference
Definition
distorted emotional reactions to present relationships based on unresolved early family relations
Term
Triangle
Definition
a three-person system; the smallest stable unit of human relations
Term
Triangulation
Definition
detouring conflict between two people by involving a third person, stabilizing the relationship between the original pair
Term
Undifferentiated family ego mass
Definition
term of emotional "stuck together-ness" or fusion in the family
Term
Nathan Ackerman
Definition
FIRST to value the entire family in order to understand the children’s roles.
(had a keen sense for the family in that it may look as a unit, but underneath is all, the family is split into competing parts)
Term
Gregory Bateson
Definition
Schizophrenic studier; double bind; metacommunication
Term
Bowen and Wynne
Definition
Family should be studied as a unit… emphasized theory and to this day, is the most fertile system of ideas family therapy has produced (concept: differentiation of self)
Term
Whitaker
Definition
co-therapy; stress is a means for change
Term
Minuchen
Definition
troubled youth…ENMESHED, DISENGAGED…talked about JOINING
Term
Don Jackson
Definition
MOST influential in the development of family therapy; Described problematic patterns of communication in ways that are still useful today. (concept: family homeostasis)
Term
Gerson and Hoffman
Definition
Family of orgin frames: six frames: coping, modeling, role, defining, reversal, and loyalty frames
Term
Hoffman
Definition
moving away from cybernetic-biological analogy for family systems. She is sensitive to gender, and wants a second order view
Term
Donely
Definition
ATTACHMENT and the emotional unit: how the entire family functions. Moves away from focusing on the dyad of mother and child relationship and works to see the whole
Term
Hardy
Definition
Genograms are effective in bringing up awareness and sensitivity of a families background and culture
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