Term
| what are the headache red flags |
|
Definition
| focal neuro deficits, fever, thunderclap, new onset or different HA over age 50 |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common type of headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathophysiology of tension headache |
|
Definition
| muscular tightness/stiffness |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for tension headache |
|
Definition
OTC tylenol or aspirin/advil
rest, relaxation, massage, heat/cold |
|
|
Term
| what causes analgesic rebound headache |
|
Definition
| chronic use of pain medication that get headache when they stop |
|
|
Term
| what are the worst medications for analgesic rebound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for analgesic rebound headache |
|
Definition
| stop the medication, HA should be self limited and stop in 3-4 days |
|
|
Term
| what is the pattern of cluster headache |
|
Definition
| sudden cluster of short lived headache usually behind the eye, may be associated with horner syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what is the first line treatment for acute cluster headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the second line acute treatment for cluster headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what medication can be used to prophylax against cluster headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what work up does someone with cluster headache need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the mnemonic used for diagnosing migraine |
|
Definition
| POUND = pulsatile, one day (4-72 hours), unilateral, nausea/vomiting, debilitating |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathology of migraine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main modifier of migraine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what constitutes a migraine aura |
|
Definition
| any neurologic symptom including vision changes, hearing changes, weakness, numbness |
|
|
Term
| what is used as an abortive treatment for migraine |
|
Definition
mild = NSAIDS
moderate or severe = triptans or ergots
in ED = consider metocloperamide, diphenhydramine, prochloperazine and/or ketorolac |
|
|
Term
| what is the prophylaxis for migraine |
|
Definition
| beta blockers, anticonvulsants such as valproate or topirimate |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension |
|
Definition
same as any increased ICP
HA, obtundation, FND, nausea/vomiting
cushings triad = hypertension, bradycardia and bradypnea |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension |
|
Definition
acetazolamide, serial LP if severe
may require VP shunt if persistent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deformities of the penis
hypospadias is where the urethral opening is on the bottom (ventral) side of the penis while epispadias is where the opening is on the top (dorsal) side of the penis. |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for hypo or epispadias |
|
Definition
| surgical reconstruction using the foreskin (never circumsize) |
|
|
Term
| what is posterior urethral valve |
|
Definition
| tissue overgrowth that blocks the urethral opening |
|
|
Term
| what is the prenatal presenting problem with posterior urethral valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what series of investigations should be done for posterior urethral valve |
|
Definition
ultrasound
voiding cystourethrogram
insert catheter |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for posterior urethral valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathology of a ureteropelvic or vesiculoureteric junction obstruction |
|
Definition
|
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