Term
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Definition
-Degree of influence in decision making
-Degree of access to resources
-Level of responsibility appropriate to needs and roles
-Appropriate boundaries (neither rigid nor diffuse) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Efforts made to find the best role for each member
-Cooperative work toward a common vision, yet value and support of individuals
› Group needs balanced with individual
needs
› Self-sacrifice and personal value promoted
› Effective communication (sensitive and
responsive)
-Opposite: polarization (two person boat metaphor) |
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Term
|
Definition
One or more members has ability and respect, allowing them to:
› Mediate polarizations
› Facilitate communication
› Ensure that all are protected and nurtured
› Allocate resources, responsibility, and
influence fairly
› Provide a broad perspective and vision
› Represent the system to other systems
› Honestly interpret feedback from the
environment |
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Term
|
Definition
Undistorted development needs:
› Time
› Proper environment to develop other qualities |
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Term
|
Definition
- Consists of interdependent individuals
- Share history
- Experience emotional bonding
- Devise strategies for meeting needs of individuals and of the group (Anderson & Sabatelli, 2011, p. 3)
- Family patterns of interaction are the focus of our text |
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Term
|
Definition
- Team
- PBJ
- Sandwich
- Quilt
- Rollercoaster
- Aquarium |
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Term
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Definition
- Unit of analysis: relationship
- Idea: structure shapes process
- Processes are activities directed at accomplishing goals.
- Strengths:
-Exposes structure of family: it clarifies
parts and relationships between them.
-Helps us broaden our perspective. Weaknesses:
-Mechanistic – not organic
- Does not say much about power in
relationships. |
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Term
Characteristics of Systems |
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Definition
-Wholeness (i.e., nonsummativity)
-Organizational Complexity
-Interdependence |
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Term
|
Definition
Strategies are …
-specific methods used to accomplish tasks.
- Constructs.
- Inferred from patterns of interaction. - influenced by family culture
- (eventually) well-established and routine Well-established strategies are called rules |
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Term
|
Definition
- “Recurring patterns of interaction that define the limits of… behavior in the family.” (A&S, 2011, p. 10)
-Reflect the values of the family system -Define roles of family members
-“Can be thought of as the customs found within the family that govern the patterns of interaction…” (A&S, 2011, p. 10)
- Overt rules are explicit
- Covert rules are implicit
- Metarules are rules about the rules, usually are unknown to us. |
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Term
Five Essential Family Tasks First Order Tasks 1. |
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Definition
Identity development
Individual and group identity
Constructing family themes
Socializing family members
Establishing congruent images
Family myths (due to incongruent images) |
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Term
Five Essential Family Tasks
First Order Tasks
2. |
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Definition
More First Order tasks
2. Boundary establishment and maintenance
-Really about information
-External and internal boundaries |
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Term
Five Essential Family Tasks
First Order Tasks
3. |
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Definition
3. Physical maintenance
-Food, clothing, shelter, education
-How do families make these decisions? |
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Term
Five Essential Family Tasks
First Order Tasks
4. |
|
Definition
4. Emotional climate maintenance
- Conflict
- Cohesion
- Cooperation
- Power
- Intimacy |
|
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Term
Five Essential Family Tasks
Second Order Tasks
5. |
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Definition
The Second-order Task
5. Adaptability and stress management
- Open systems take in information
- From environment
- From feedback
- Stress is a mandate to change - Morphostasis (stability)
- Morphogenesis (change)
- Occurs when threshold is reached
- Closed, rigid families’ threshold is too high
- Random, chaotic,disorganized families’ threshold is too low |
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Term
Strategies are interdependent with: |
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Definition
-Family composition
-Family tasks
-Strategies and rules form unique patterns and dynamics within each family |
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Term
Strategy Development Influenced by… |
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Definition
Context of the family system
- Social
- Economic
- Religious
- Educational
- Political
- Historical
-Legacy of the family (family of origin)
-Individual decisions |
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Term
|
Definition
Themes provide framework of meaning
- Who we are
- How we act toward others
- Expectations for others’ behavior Significantly influences patterns of interaction through the lens of meaning and expectations. |
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Term
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Definition
- Family traditions or values
- Ethnic origins
- Religious beliefs
- Emotional issues (e.g., trauma) |
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Term
|
Definition
- But behaviors also influence family health
- Theme: mastery vs. deprivation
- Remember Erikson?
- Themes are revealed by resource allocation
- Time
- Energy
- Money
- Themes relate to emotional climate |
|
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Term
Individual Identity Matches Themes |
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Definition
- What attributes are emphasized in development?
- Identity strategies may differ for each family member
- Gender
- Birth order
- Strategies used to control individual identity
- A & S assert that too much negativity, too much control is bad. |
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Term
|
Definition
-“delineate family’s relationship to …other systems” (p. 24).
- “strategies and rules for
-interacting with outsiders and
-manipulating their physical environment
-to maintain their integrity, cohesiveness, and separateness in relation to the environment” (p. 24). |
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Term
|
Definition
- Influence our interaction with others “Boundary rules” (p. 24).
- Influence level of comfort with and trust of [outsiders]
- Influence the sources of information and influence that family members are exposed to. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Concern how internal distances btw. Individuals and subsystems are regulated
- Reflected primarily in the degree to which each member’s individuality …[is] tolerated
- Enmeshed vs. disengaged
- Not synonymous with intimacy “boundary strategies” |
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Term
The Main Job of the Family |
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Definition
- Provide food, shelter, clothing, (education?)
- Maintain household (keep it running).
- Use resources: time, energy, money
- Decisions about this job are: Strategies & Rules - Again, related to family themes.
- Themes -> Priorities -> Decisions |
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Term
|
Definition
- Strategies reveal
- who has control over resource
- insight into power hierarchy
- who is involved in the decision
- how they are involved
- how resources are to be used In sum, strategies show priorities. |
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Term
Strategies show system organization
1. Chaotically organized
2. Rigidly organizied |
|
Definition
1. Chaotically organized
- Inefficient, since poor planning wastes more resources
- More chaos restricts growth
2. Rigidly organized
- Efficient
- Not creative or spontaneous |
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Term
Consistency of Strategies and Rules |
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Definition
- Optimal strategies are highly stable, yet flexible (remember Balance?)
- Strategies can have stability and change over time, also:
- Strategies and Rules may change between
generations |
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Term
Rules come from Strategies |
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Definition
- Remember previous material on rules.
- Rules show themes
- “Can’t leave the table until your plate is clean!” |
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Term
|
Definition
-Considers -Family cohesion -Family adaptability -Communication
-Research shows
-that expressiveness in families is positively
correlated with both cohesion and
adaptability
-For adolescents with no close friend, family
measures predict adjustment better. -For
families with low C & A, friendship predicts
adolescent well-being. |
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Term
Managing change and Stress
- A few basic truths |
|
Definition
- To live is to change
- Change requires adaptation
- Requirement for adaptation produces stress
- Second-order changes reflect adaptation, and stress. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- “…the degree of pressure exerted on the family to alter the strategies it uses to accomplish its basic tasks” (p. 32).
-It’s feedback: the system needs to change.
-…is not the feeling of being stressed out. |
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Term
| Flavors of Change - Normative stressor events |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Flavors of Change
- Non-normative stressor events |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Flavors of Change
- Horizontal stresses |
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Definition
| come from development (changes over time). |
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Term
Flavors of Change
- Vertical Stresses |
|
Definition
- comes from inheritance
- Patterns of functioning transmitted from previous generations
- May impede coping |
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Term
|
Definition
- Results in magnification of demands and adaptations.
- ABC-X model |
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Term
|
Definition
- Coping involves “the enactment of strategies that minimize the stress and keep the family functioning in an efficient and effective manner” (p. 35).
- Coping strategies are directed at
- Resolving problems, or
- Managing emotions, or
- Both |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Defining the crisis adaptively
- Clarifying problems and solutions
- Prioritizing
- Deemphasizing the emotional aspects
- Maintain functioning of family |
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Term
Behavioral Coping Strategies |
|
Definition
- “…what the family actually does to manage stress…” (p. 35).
- Level of activity varies
- Passive vs. active
- Seeking help vs. on-our-own |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- “…the properties of the family and the attributes and skills…that serve to minimize the vulnerability…to stress” (p. 36).
- Biggest resource: Social Support |
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Term
|
Definition
- “…the adequacy of the efforts undertaken…to reduce stress” (p. 37).
- Family resilience
-Commitment
-Cohesion
-Communication
-Spirituality
-Connectedness
-Resource management |
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Term
| Power can be thought of as existing on a "legitimacy" continuum. At one end of the continuum is ____________ and at the other end of the continuum is ____________. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| _______________ refer to those properties, attributes or skills individuals, families or societies have at their disposal when adapting to novel and demanding situations. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Within "under-organized" systems |
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Definition
| maintenance strategies are flexible and often inconsistent |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is an example of a normative stressor event?
a. the birth of a child
b. the loss of a home in a fire
c. the unexpected death of an infant
d. all of the above |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ is the legitimate use of power. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The total number of events that a family must contend with at any point in time is |
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Definition
| conceived of as the pile-up of stressor events |
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|
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to family themes?
a. Family themes determine how family members are to view themselves.
b. Family themes may represent the family's strategy for attempting to control how others see the family.
c. Family themes are in no way related to family functioning.
d. Family themes help to determine how members are supposed to act towards others. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ refer(s) to the adequacy of the efforts undertaken by a family to reduce stress. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ refers to the degree to which the family system's boundaries are relatively open or closed. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A truly systemic perspective on family development must take into account |
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Definition
| How stress in the multiple generations that comprise the family reverberates throughout the family system |
|
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Term
Ch. 1
Thirsty in the Rain main idea |
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Definition
| Rain of social media but still thirsty for real family values and morals |
|
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Term
Ch. 2
The Page Family main idea |
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Definition
The Page family raised five children on the plains of eastern Colorado towards the beginning of the twentieth century.
-Jobs at the house
-food from scratch |
|
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Term
Ch. 3
The Copeland Family main idea |
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Definition
suburbia
Dad works too much
Mom on prozac
children struggling with alcoholism/anorexia/afraid |
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Term
Ch. 4
Then and Now main idea |
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Definition
Different times produce different families
We have more than our ancestors but we have less
The feel good era has led to a state of numbness
. All of the things that would have made life easier for our ancestors are meaningless to us. |
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Term
Ch. 5
One Big Town main idea |
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Definition
society is no longer composed of small communities
neighbors are strangers
The media treats children and adults the same: consumers
Television is most powerful media
leanring to devaluize our families |
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Term
Ch. 6
Therapy, The Trojan Horse main idea |
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Definition
| Pipher has identified ten mistakes that therapists make: |
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Term
Ch. 7
How Therapy Can Help The Shelter of Each Other |
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Definition
It should revolve around common sense.
Pipher has identified fifteen goals of family therapy. |
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Term
|
Definition
A person needs to be taught character.
One s character grows over a lifetime.
It should not be confused with self-esteem.
Character is our morality |
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Term
|
Definition
Pipher says that will is the ability to act on the basis of one s values.
Generation X is not finding pleasure in the right things.
Pleasures are being derived from drugs, sex, violence, and consumerism.
Their morals are being lambasted, and many don t care. But many do care |
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Term
|
Definition
Pipher writes that our belief in independence has led us to value rebellion in our children.
When they need us most, they are breaking away from us.
Yet they need us to create boundaries.
They need us to commit to reinforcing those boundaries, no matter how troubling or inconvenient. |
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Term
Ch. 11
Protecting Families Houses With Walls |
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Definition
We have to protect our kids yet offer them up to the outside world.
They need to develop relationships outside of the family.
Families teach lessons, especially moral lessons. |
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Term
Ch.12
Connecting Families Creating a Tiospaye |
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Definition
Regardless of who or what we are, we can make connections with each other to form a family.
We can create a community by working together and sharing what we have. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
“Our culture is at war with families”
-cell phones, watching screens instead of interacting with people. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| “This book will sympathize with families’ efforts to survive a difficult era. It is for the vast majority of parents who are trying hard to do the right thing. It will connect family problems to larger cultural forces” (p.4) |
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Term
|
Definition
“my goal is to help readers be anthropologists, who look at the broader culture and ask-
-how does the culture affect the life of my family?
-What values does it teach?
-What behaviors does it influence?
-How does the culture define the good and important?
I want to help families become more conscious of how they are shaped by culture |
|
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Term
WHAT’S (NOT) WRONG WITH LOW-INCOME COUPLES
BENJAMIN R. KARNEY |
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Definition
GOAL: “To learn whether well-designed interventions can help couples fulfill their aspirations for a healthy relationship, marriage, and a strong family.”
Low-income groups value marriage as much as middle-and high-income groups. Low-income groups are more traditional in terms of cohabitation, premarital sex, and divorce.
Rather, under stressful conditions, the behaviors that maintain intimate relationships are harder to do
-Problems are worse
-Capacity to interact effectively is less |
|
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Term
| Difference in Pipher and Karney |
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Definition
Pipher believes everything is based around our values and we make decisions based on that
More “republican” view
Karney believes in creating an environment that families can flourish in
More “democratic” view |
|
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Term
| What is morphogenesis (has to do with balance)? |
|
Definition
| Force in family that fosters change. |
|
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Term
| What is morphostasis (has to do with balance)? |
|
Definition
| force in the family that resists change |
|
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Term
| What are the 3 strucutral properties for families? |
|
Definition
Wholeness
Complexity
Interdependence |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When a family has low tolerance, that means they do not tolerate a lot of individuality. So enmeshment means that everyone in the family is kind of the same, they may dress the same, have the same careers, play the same sports/instruments, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When families have loose internal boundaries, that means they allow for a lot of expression of individuality. So disengagement occurs when everyone in the family kind of goes their own way and is their own person. One person may be a conservative lawyer and another could be bob marley. |
|
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Term
| 3 levels of coping resources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are personal images? |
|
Definition
| People see themselves as having distinct atributes, such as "i am smart", "i am overweight". Many of these are socially constructed. |
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