Term
the intesive care conept was introduced to the care of all newborns for the |
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Definition
immediate neonatal period |
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Term
the three phases of the neonatal period |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
tachycardia (gradually lowering to normal) iregular respirations, rales may be present, newborn is alert, frequent moro reflex, trmors, crying, increased motor activity hypoactive bowel sounds, sucking reflex is present |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decreased motor activity rapid respirations, normal heart rate for term newborn audible bowel sounds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
abrupt brief changes in color and muscle tone, presence of oral mucus, responsiveness to external stimuli newborn stabilizes, begins suck swoallow coordination and is ready for regular feedings |
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Term
the temp of the term newborn is |
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Definition
36 to 36.5C (96.8 to 97.7F) |
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Term
hypothermia can cause other problems such as |
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Definition
hypoglycemia, resp distress |
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Term
the newborn useses _ to generate heat |
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Definition
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Term
can be both the cause and the result of hypothermia |
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Definition
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Term
can also require more glucose for the increased work of breathing causing hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
heat is lossed by four means |
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Definition
evaporation, conduction, convection, radiation |
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Term
caused by direct skin contact with a cold surface |
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Definition
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Term
caused by being near a cold surface |
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Definition
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Term
can also be used to add heat to the body |
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Definition
conduction, convection, and radiation |
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Term
the first bath of the newborn is delayed until the body temp is stabilized at |
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Definition
36.5 to 37C (97.7 to 98.6F) |
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Term
the temperature of newborn should be recorded _ after bath and _ after transfer to an open crib |
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Definition
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Term
newborns may not urinate for as long as |
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Definition
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Term
occasionally a newborn may not void for |
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Definition
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Term
_ should be passed before discarge for assurance of patent gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
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Term
characteristics of preterm newborn |
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Definition
the skin is thin and somewhat transparent, cheesy substance convering most of the skin surface, kin heavily covered with fine lanugo, the ears spring back slowly when folded back, there is no or minimal breast tissue under th enipple, the scrotum is smooth and small, the labia major and minor are equal in size, the sole creases on the anterior third of the foot only |
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Term
indicates that meconium was passed before birth, which may indicate that the newborn is postterm or had poor placental support |
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Definition
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Term
dark skinned newborns often have more _ than light skinned ones |
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Definition
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Term
_ can stick the ear in place |
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Definition
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Term
peeling skin may be obvious on the feet in |
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Definition
postterm or IUGR newborns |
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Term
a small puncture wound is usually apparent on the scalp if an _ was used for fetal monitoring |
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Definition
internal spiral electrode |
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Term
if the newborn was born vaginally in breech presentation, the _ may be bruised |
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Definition
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Term
new born vitals are measured at _ intervals at first, then _ and every _ after the newborn is stable |
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Definition
15 to 30 min, hourly, 4 to 8 hrs |
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Term
the normal resp rate for nromal newborn infants |
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Definition
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Term
the normal heart rate for newborn |
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Definition
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Term
thermometer skin pprbe should not be placed over _ or areas where _ is expected to be found |
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Definition
bony prominences, brown fat |
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Term
normal range of BP for new born |
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Definition
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Term
three typical measurments of the newborn |
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Definition
length, head circumference, chest circumference |
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Term
the fullest part of the newborns head is measured just above the |
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Definition
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Term
chest circumference is measured at the |
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Definition
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Term
delayed cord clamping in the newborn for _ after birth provides for a better newborn outcome due to increased iron stores provided to the newborn |
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Definition
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Term
the brain is totally dependent on a steady supply of glucose for its |
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Definition
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Term
in healthy newborns blood glucose levels fall after birth and stabilize at _ by 1 to 2 hrs after birth and then rise to _ by 3 hours of age |
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Definition
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Term
a blood glucose lower than _, 2 hours after birth is considered to be hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
infants with low blood glucose after 3 to 4 days should be evaluated for |
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Definition
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Term
some newborns at risk for low blood glucose after birht include |
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Definition
preterm and posterm, small for gestational age and large for gestational age, newborns of diabetic moterhs, and any newborn who is stressed because of hypoxia |
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Term
signs of hypoglycemia in the newborn include |
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Definition
jitteriness, poor muscle tone, sweating, respiratory difficulty, low temp, poor suck, high-pitched cry, letargy, sezuires |
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Term
a test that is mandatory for infants in all states |
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Definition
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Term
other tests for newborns may include those for: |
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Definition
hypothyrodism, glactosemia, sickle cell disease, thallassemia, maple syrup urine disease and congenital hearing loss |
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Term
refers to a strong emotional tie that forms soon after birth between the parents and the newborn |
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Definition
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Term
an affectionate tie that occurs through time as the newborn and caregivers interact |
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Definition
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Term
bonding actually begins during _ as the fetus moves and shows individual characteristics on sonograms |
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Definition
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Term
excess erythrocyes are broken down after _ which releases _ into the bloodstream |
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Definition
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Term
high levels of bilirubin cause yellow _ starting at the _ and progressing _ on the body |
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Definition
skin color, head, downward |
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Term
extremely high levels of bilirubin can cause |
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Definition
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Term
parent teaching of newborn care includes the following: |
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Definition
maintenance of an open airway by positioning and use of a bulb syringe temp maintenance and assessment after discarge expected increase in the number of voidings changes in the stools feeding signs of illness to report follow up appointments for well baby care |
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Term
breastfeeding advantages for newborn |
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Definition
breast milk contains full range of nutrients that the newborn needs, easily digested does not cause allergies provides natural immunity promotes elimination of meconium suckling at the breast promotes mouth development convenient and economical eliminates risks of contaminated water supply or improper dilution newborn suckling promotes a return of the uterus to its prepregnant state breastfeeding may play a significant role in improving brain development milk production uses maternal fat stores which facilitates weight loss enhances a close mother child relationship may reduce the occurence of childhood respiratory disorderws |
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Term
colostrum is particularly high in |
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Definition
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Term
breastfed newborns are rarely |
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Definition
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Term
the only infections that are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding are those caused by the |
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Definition
HIV, and the human T-cel lymphotrophic viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) |
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Term
mothers who have active pulmonary tuberculosis can feed their babies breast milk because the milk does not contain the |
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Definition
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Term
drugs that should not be given to nursing mothers when safe substitutes are available include: |
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Definition
cytotoxic drugs such as cyclosporine and methotrexat, drugs of abuse, and radioactive compounds |
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Term
some _ may cause adverse effects in the infant |
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Definition
psychotropic drugs and antiznxiety drugs |
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Term
_ which are often used to treat migraine headaches are contraindicated while breastfeeding |
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Definition
bromocriptine and ergotamine |
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Term
nursing mothers should continue to avoid: |
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Definition
fish containing high levels of mercury |
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Term
_ are all considered generally safe during lactations |
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Definition
narcotics, sedatives, anticonvulsives, antihistamines, decongestants, antihypertensives, antimicrobials, conffe intake |
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Term
_ in the infant is a contraindication to breastfeeding |
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Definition
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Term
hormones that have a major role in the production and expulsion of breast milk |
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Definition
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Term
from the anterio pituitary gland, causes the production of breast milk |
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Definition
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Term
from the posterior pituitary gland, causes the milk to be delivered ffom the alveoli through the duct system to the nipple |
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Definition
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Term
prolactin secretion increases as milk is _, thus stimulating further milk production |
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Definition
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Term
the composition of milk changes slight from the beinning of a feeding until the end of that feeding: |
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Definition
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Term
the first milk the newborn obtains, it is watery and quenches the newborns thirs |
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Definition
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Term
the later milk that has a higher fat content |
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Definition
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Term
hindmilk helps satisfy the newborn's: |
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Definition
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Term
feedings that are too short do not allow the newborn to obtain the _ |
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Definition
hunger satsifying hindmilk |
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Term
milk production changes after birth in three phases |
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Definition
colostrum, transitional and mature milk |
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Term
late in the pregnancy and for the first few days after birth _ is secreted by the breasts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
protein, vitamins a and e, and essential minerals |
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Term
colostrum is lower in _ than milk, it has a _ affect which aids in eliminating meconium |
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Definition
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Term
transitional milk emerges approx _ after bith |
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Definition
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Term
transitional milk has fewer _ but has increased _ |
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Definition
immunoglobulins and proteins. lactose, fat and calorie content |
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Term
mature milk is secreted by _ days after birth |
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Definition
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Term
mature human breast milk has a _ color |
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Definition
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Term
advantages of the first nursing session |
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Definition
promotes mother-newborn bonding, maintains newborn temp, newborn suclking stimulates oxytocin release to contract the mother's uterus and control bleeding |
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Term
breastfeeding should not be delayed beyond _ after delivery |
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Definition
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Term
the _ hold is good for mothers who plan to breast feed with a cesarean section |
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Definition
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Term
when breastfeeding the nipple should be _ to the nose of the newborn, with the nipple aimed to the _ of the newborn's mouth so that the _ jaw latches on first |
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Definition
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Term
when breastfeeding the mother should hold her breast in a _ whith the thumb _ the nipple and the fingers _ it |
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Definition
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Term
the mother is taught to allow the newborn to become alert and hungry but not |
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Definition
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Term
the term that specifically relates to giving or taking nourishment at the breast |
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Definition
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Term
after _ the newborn generally swallows with every _ at the beginning of breastfeeding, taking in approx _ |
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Definition
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Term
a soft _ sound indicates that the newborn is swallowing milk |
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Definition
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Term
usually indicates improper mouth position |
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Definition
noisy sucking/smacking sounds or dimpling of the the cheek |
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Term
_ sucking motions indicate nonnutritive suckling |
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Definition
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Term
signs that breastfeeding is successful |
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Definition
- breast feels firm before feedings and softer after
- let down reflex occurs
- newborn nurses at the breast for 10 to 15 min per breast 8 to 10 times a day
- an audible swallow is heard as the newborn sucks
- newborn demands feeding and appears relaxed after feeding
- newborn passes stool several times a day
- newborn has six to eight wet diapers per day
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Term
can inhibit the let down reflex and are the most common reasons for breast-feeding problems: |
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Definition
pain, anxiety and insecurity |
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Term
breast-fed newborns usually nurse every _ during the early weeks |
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Definition
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Term
usually a late sign of hunger |
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Definition
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Term
the total duration of early feedings hould be at least _ minutes per breast |
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Definition
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Term
a tingling sensation with milk dripping from breasts |
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Definition
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Term
the mother should begin the next nursing session using the brest that was not used _ in the previous session |
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Definition
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Term
to be recognized as a baby friendly hospital, a hospital must meet the following criteria |
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Definition
- the hospital must have a written breast feeding policy and must teach r/t skills to staff
- parents are educated concerning the values and techniques of breastfeeding before and after delivery
- breastfeeding is initiated in the delivery room ore is maintained if the mother and newborn are separated
- the nwborn is fed only breast milk and feeding on demand is encourage
- mother and newborn room in 24 hours a day. no pacifiers or artificial nipples are used
- formula samples are not distrubted at discharge and referral to support groups is offered
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Term
_ should not be offered to the healthy newborn who is breastfeeding |
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Definition
supplemental feedings of formula or water |
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Term
_ applications between feedings and _ just before feedings may help to reduce discomfort and engorgement |
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Definition
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Term
the mother should not used _ on her breast |
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Definition
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Term
pumping should last approx _ minutes on each breast and should be done about _ |
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Definition
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Term
daily milk production after breast feeding is established should be approx _ in a 24 hr period |
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Definition
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Term
clear hard plastiv bottles are made of _ and are considered safe fore _ milk |
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Definition
polycarbonate, storing and freezing |
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Term
any plastic material used for infants should be labeled as |
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Definition
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Term
milk can be thawed in the refrigerator for _ or by holding the container under _ or placing it in a container of _ while _ the bottle often |
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Definition
24 hrs, running lukewarm water, lukewarm water, rotating |
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Term
microwaving breast milk is not advised because it destroys some _ contained in the milk and can cause _ to develop because of uneven heating |
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Definition
immune factors and lysozyme, hot spots |
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Term
breast milk can be stored at room temperature for _ in a tightly capped containr or in the back of the refrigerator for up to _ |
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Definition
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Term
breast milk can be stored in the freezer for up to _, or in a deep freezer for up to _ |
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Definition
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Term
thawed breast milk should not be stored in the refrigerator no longer than _ |
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Definition
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Term
the mother needs approx _ additional calories each day beyond what her non prenant diet provided |
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Definition
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Term
the nursing mother should choose foods from each of these food groups in the myplate food guide |
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Definition
meat, fish, pultry, eggs, beans and nuts milk and other dairy products, vegetables fruits bread, cereals and grains |
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Term
women who are lactating need a _ increase of _, double the prepregnancy needs of _, and a _ increas of calcium and _ |
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Definition
20 to 30%, vitamins and minerals, folic acid, 40 to 50%, phosphorus |
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Term
Increased needs for vitamins and minerals are easily attainable by adding: |
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Definition
2 cups of milk 2 ounces of meat or peanut butter a slice of whole wheat bread a citrus fruit a salad with 1/2 cup of dark green or yellow vegetables |
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Term
about _ of uncaffeinated fluid is needed each day to replace the fluid lost to breastfeeding |
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Definition
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Term
women with lactose intolerance may use substitues such as _ as substitute for milk products |
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Definition
tofus, soy milk, canned salmon with bones |
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Term
foods that often cause gas problems in the newborn are: |
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Definition
chocolate, cabbage, beans and broccoli |
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Term
tips the nurse can teach mothers when they want to wean their newborns |
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Definition
- eliminate one feeding at a time, wait severla days and eliminate another one
- omit daytime feedings first starting with the one in which the newborn is least interested
- eliminate the newborn's favorite feeding last
- expect the newborn to need comfort nursing if he or she is tired, ill or uncomfortable
- If the mother must wean abruptly for some reason breast engorgement is likely to occur
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Term
tips to relieve engorgement |
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Definition
a supportive bra, ice packs, analgesics, cabbage leaves applied to the breast |
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Term
before the first formula feeding, most hospitals have a policy of offfering _ to the newborn to assure patency of the gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
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Term
common formulas are available in three forms |
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Definition
ready to feed
concentrated liquid,
powdered |
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Term
hemorrhage, infection and thrombosis are the most common complications so the mother should report: |
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Definition
- fever higher than 38C (100.4)
- persistent lochia rubra or lochia that has a foul odor
- bright red bleeding, particularly if the lochia has changed to serosa or alba
- prologned afterpains, pelvic or abdominal pain, or constant backache
- signs of a urinary tract infection
- localized breast tenderness or redness
- discharge pain, redness, or separation of any suture line
- prolonged and pervasive feelings of depression or being let down, generally not enjoying life
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Term
ready ot feed formulas require no |
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Definition
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Term
most formula fed infants initially about every |
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Definition
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Term
microwaving infant formula is |
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Definition
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Term
may cause the infant to aspirate formula and is associated with dental cares and ear infections |
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Definition
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Term
most health care providers want to see postpartum women _ after birth |
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Definition
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Term
at the _ appointment the healing of the mother's perinuem or _ is assessed |
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Definition
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Term
at the _ appointment the mother's general health and recuperation from birth are assessed |
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Definition
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Term
coitus should be avoided until |
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Definition
episiotomy is fully healed and lochia flow has stopped |
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Term
having sexual relations earlier can lead to |
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Definition
infection, trauma and/or unintended pregnancy |
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Term
discharge planning for the newborn begins at |
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Definition
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Term
if the neborn is dicharged before _ of age, the AAP recommends that a follow up visit be scheduled within _ of discharge to assess the newborn for jaundice |
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Definition
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Term
bilirubin level usually peaks between |
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Definition
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Term
newborns are usually seen again at _ after birth to begin well baby care |
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Definition
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