Term
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Definition
| "inadvertently coming to rest on the ground or other lower level with or without loss of consciousness or injury" |
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Term
| Leading cause of death/injury |
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Definition
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Term
| 65+ y/o: ___% fall at least once per year |
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Definition
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Term
| 65+ y/o: __[#]___ deaths from fall-related injuries |
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Definition
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Term
65+ y/o: __[#]____ ER treatments for falls;
__[#]__ hospitalizations |
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Definition
1.8mil to ER;
433K hospitalized |
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Term
| 85+ y/o: ______ times more likely to fall than 65-74 y/o |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatality of falls: gender |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-fatality of falls: gender |
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Definition
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Term
| ____% of hip fractures in females are fall-related |
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Definition
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Term
| 75+ y/o who fall are ____ times more likely to be admitted to rehab facility for 1+ yrs |
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Definition
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Term
| Consequences of falls (7) |
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Definition
bruises
hip fx
head trauma
death
loss of confidence*
activity avoidance*
social isolation*
*these items perpetuate decr mobility/physical fitness, and >> incr risk of falling |
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Term
| ___% of 65+ y/o c fall injury required help c ADL |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic risk factors (9) |
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Definition
neural control of balance
foot/ankle characteristics
biomechanics of slips/falls
mm weakness
visual impairment
neurological diseases
syncope & neurocardiovascular factors
cardiac arrhythmias
other chronic diseases |
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Term
| Extrinsic risk factors (2) |
|
Definition
physical environment
polypharmacy |
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Term
Intrinsic risk factors - neural control of balance
components (8) |
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Definition
postural orientation
postural equilibrium
biomechanical constraints
mvmt strategies
sensory strategies
orientation in space
control of dynamics
cognitive processing |
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Term
| Active alignment is related to changes in (4) |
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Definition
gravity
support surfaces
visual cues
internal resources |
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Term
Intrinsic risk factors - neural control of balance
mvmt strategies (5) |
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Definition
stepping
reaching
hip
lateral excursion
lateral foot placement |
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Term
Intrinsic risk factors - neural control of balance
foot & ankle characteristics (6) |
|
Definition
plantar tactile sensitivity
ankle flexibility
lesser toe deformity
hallux valgus
strength
rxn time |
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|
Term
Intrinsic risk factors - neural control of balance
Rx of foot/ankle pathology (3) |
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Definition
sensory input to foot
stretching (ankle ROM)
strengthening (toe, PF strength) |
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Term
| Biomechanics of slips/falls (4) |
|
Definition
decr slip/fall detection & recovery
delayed fall-response selection
longer motor control times
slower & less effective recovery process |
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Term
| Intrinsic risk factors - visual impairments contributing to gait/balance disturbances (4) |
|
Definition
incr postural sway c eyes closed
decr edge-contrast sensitivity
decr depth perception
multifocal glasses |
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Term
Intrinsic risk factors - neural control of balance
neurological disease factors (3) |
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Definition
postural disturbance
sensory impairment
gait disturbance
1/3 neuro inpatients fell 2x as often |
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Term
| Intrinsic risk factors - neurological diseases related to fall risk (6) |
|
Definition
PD
syncope
polyneuropathy
spinal disorders
motor neuron
MS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic risk factors - Neurocardiovascular factors (7) |
|
Definition
incr HR
BP
cerebral blood flow
baroreflex sensitivity
intravascular volume reg
comorbidity
meds |
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|
Term
| Causes of syncopal falls (3) |
|
Definition
OH
carotid sinus syndrome
cardiac arrhythmias |
|
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Term
|
Definition
meds
1º autonomic failure (body unable to regulate quickly)
2º autonomic failure (diabetes, etc.)
PD
multisystem atrophy |
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|
Term
| 20% of syncope in older adults is due to... |
|
Definition
20%: carotid sinus syndrome
20%: cardiac arrhythmias |
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Term
| Extrinsic risk factors: _____% of falls are due to environmental hazards |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Extrinsic risk factors: _____% of falls are at home |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extrinsic risk factors: Most common environmental hazards (6) |
|
Definition
poor lighting
floor surfaces
stairs
objects on pathway
poorly designed furniture
toilet design |
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Term
| Environmental hazard leading to 31.8% of falls: |
|
Definition
| slippery floor, floor c obstacles |
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Term
| Environmental hazard leading to 18.2% of falls: |
|
Definition
| storage area out of reach |
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Term
| Environmental hazard leading to 14.6% of falls: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Environmental hazard leading to 13.0% of falls: |
|
Definition
| lack of grab bars, handrails |
|
|
Term
| ___% of 70+ y/o have ONE hazard in their home |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___% of 70 y/o have 6+ hazards in their home |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which room is the most hazardous? |
|
Definition
| bathroom (66% of 70+ y/o had 1+ hazards in bathroom) |
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Term
| Fall at home: vigorous or frail? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Fall away from home: vigorous or frail? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___% of falls are caused by risk-taking behaviors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| fall decr ___% c home mod |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Items affecting adherence to home modifications to physical environment (5) |
|
Definition
small reduction of hazards (little steps)
emotionally attached
do not feel the need for changes
belief that modifications prevent falls
relatives at home to help
(52% had partial/complete adherence) |
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|
Term
| __[#]__ meds >> incr fall risk |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Psychotropic meds (4)
(>> 47% incr risk of fall) |
|
Definition
benzodiazepines
antidepressants
neuroleptics (antipsychotic drugs)
anticonvulsants (antiepileptic drugs) |
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Term
| Fall risk assessment tools (3) |
|
Definition
TUG
Physiological Profile Assessment
Tinetti |
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Term
| Fall risk assessment tool created by Lamb et al; looks at 4 items: (4) |
|
Definition
# of falls in last year
frequency of walking balance difficulty
4m walking speed test & balance
knee ext strength |
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Term
| Exercise 30min/day, 3x/week >> ____% fewer fallers |
|
Definition
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Term
| ________'s exercises: used for fall risk reduction |
|
Definition
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Term
| Campbell's Exercises - walking (5) |
|
Definition
backwards
sideways
turning around
stepping over object
bending over to pick up object |
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