Term
a control group, an experimental group and a variable
____________. |
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Definition
| scientific method: a controlled experiment includes__ |
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Term
| find another explanation for what has been observed. |
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Definition
When hypothesis is found to be unsupported, the scientist usually tries to |
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Term
| International System of units |
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Definition
| Based on the number 10 and gives scientists a common way to share results |
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Term
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Definition
| an educated guess about what will happen-usually written in "If. . ., then. . . " format |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientists try to design experiments that will clearly show whether a particular _________________ was the cause of an outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| scientific method: After forming a hypothesis, you should____________________________. |
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Term
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Definition
| organizing your data into tabels and graphs for comparison and doing calculations to learn more about your results. |
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Term
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Definition
| the step of the scientific method that includes the hypothesis and whether the hypothesis was supported or not by the experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| In order to be certain about the conclusions of an experiment, scientists should have as many individuals as possible in both the ______________ group and the ________________ group, and repeat experiment several times. |
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Term
| light, stage, and tube with lens |
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Definition
| three main parts of the compound light microscope |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of space something occupies. To measure a liquid, use a graduated cylinder. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of matter that makes up an object. Measured in grams and with a balance (triple beam balance). |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of surface an object has. Measured in meters. |
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Term
| 37 degrees Celcius or 98.6 degrees Farenheit |
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Definition
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Term
| Independent variable (what he is testing) is the different types of antibacterial soaps. The dependent (what he is measuring) is the amount of bacterial growth. Controls (same between the groups) would be same hands, the time the hands were washed. |
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Definition
| Henry wants to test the effects of different antibacterial soaps on the growth of bacteria. What are the independent, dependent and control variables in his experiment? |
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Term
| Independent is different kinds of music. Dependent is the test scores. Control variables are the test taken, age of students (7th grade), the other factors of the environment in which the test is taken. |
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Definition
A study was done to see if listening to different kinds of music affected the test scores of 7th grade students. What would the variables be in this experiment?
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Term
| Hair pulled back. No dangling jewelry or dangling clothing (sleeves). No open-toed shoes. Gown (apron), gloves, and goggles |
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Definition
Lab rule for appropriate dress in lab. |
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Term
| When entering lab, don't touch, taste, or smell anything until teacher gives permission to do so. |
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Definition
First rule of lab at Second Baptist Middle School
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Term
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Definition
| Structures that contain all of the materials for life. Sometimes specialized for particular functions,and found in all organisms |
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Term
All living things are made of cells.
All living things have DNA.
All living things reproduce.
All living things grow and develop.
All living things sense and respond to change.
All living things use energy. |
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Definition
| six characteristics of living things |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in an organism's environment that affects the organism's activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintaining a stable internal environment. Examples: maintaining a body temperature of 37 degrees C, blood sugar, blood pressure of 120/80mmHg |
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Term
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid |
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Definition
the molecule in the cell that contains the instructions for the organism. Tells the cell how to make proteins. Located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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Term
move materials into and out of the cell,
make or break down food (glucose),
and make new cells. |
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Definition
| organisms need energy for what three activities |
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Term
| air, water food, living space |
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Definition
four basic necessities of life?
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Term
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Definition
| make their own food. Examples: plants, algae, and some bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| get their food by consuming other organisms. Examples: animals |
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Term
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Definition
| get their food by breaking down the remains of dead organisms - release enzymes that breakdown organism - absorb nutrients into their cells. Examples: bacteria and fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms made of one cell. These cells live independently of other cells. Simple organisms. Examples: Bacteria (prokaryotic cells) and some protists (eukaryotic cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms made of more than one cell. More complex organisms with tissues, organs, and organ systems specialized for particular functions. Examples: plants and animals |
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Term
| mnemonic device for the 8 levels of classification: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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Definition
Did King Phillip Come Over For Grape Soda? |
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Term
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Definition
| scientist: founded the science of taxonomy -the science of naming organisms |
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Term
greek or latin - the scientific name includes the genus and species name. Example: Tyrannosaurus rex or T.rex means tyrant lizard king. |
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Definition
In what languages are scientific names written?
What two levels of classification does the scientific name include.
What does Tyrannosaursus rex mean? |
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Term
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Definition
| a process/key used to identify organisms by working through pairs of descriptive statements and their alternative responses. |
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Term
| over the opening (light) on the stage. |
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Definition
When placing a slide on the stage of a microscope, where should the slide be?
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Term
| coarse adjustment knob (microscope) |
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Definition
| the adjustment knob used to bring the slide into focus using the low power objective lens. |
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Term
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Definition
| the adjustment knob used to bring the slide into focus when using high power objective lens. |
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Term
| food chain, food web, or energy pyramid |
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Definition
energy moves through an ecosystem and can be represented in what three ways.
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Term
| levels of the energy pyramid |
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Definition
| base of the pyramid is producers, above producers are herbivores, above herbivores are omnivores, above omnivores are carnivores. |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship in which two different species live very closely together,at least one organism benefits: 1. mutualism - both organisms benefit 2. parasitism - one organism benefits, the other is harmed by the relationship. 3. commensalism - one organism benefits, the other is unaffected. |
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Term
| the flow of energy in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| the arrows in a food chain or food web show the flow of what in an ecosystem? |
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Term
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Definition
| the living parts of the environment- competition, predation, and symbiosis are types of biotic relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity, limiting factors in the environment will cause the population to ________________.
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Term
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Definition
The sun's heat causes water to change from a liquid to a gas during this process. |
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Term
| living space, sunlight, water |
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Definition
| what might trees in a forest compete for? |
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Term
| A food chain shows one possible energy pathway from one organism to the next. A food web shows many possible energy pathways and overlapping food chains. |
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Definition
Explain the difference in a food chain and a food web. |
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Term
| the flow of energy in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| What do the arrows in a food chain or food web represent? |
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Term
symbiosis: 3 kinds
mutualisms - both organisms benefit
commensulism - one organism benefits the other is unaffected
parasitism - one organism benefits, the other is harmed (host) |
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Definition
| a close living relationship in which at least one organism benefits. |
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Term
| 1. protons - positively charged, located in the nucleus 2. neutrons- no charge, located in the nucleus. 3. electrons - negatively charged, located in electron cloud outside of the nucleus |
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Definition
3 subatomic particles of an atom |
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Term
unstable atom
chemical bonds |
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Definition
| an atom that has 1-7 electrons in the outer shell of the electron cloud is considered an _____________ atom. When atoms are unstable, they tend to form ______________ ______________. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically bond. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons in the outer shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical bond formed when atoms lose or gain electrons in the outer shell. These bonds form ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| subunits (smaller molecules) that make up nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
When a marathon runner eats pasta the night before a race, he is storing energy from what kind of carbohydrate?
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Term
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Definition
| What are the subunits proteins? Examples: enzymes, hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| what kind of bonds form the water molecule? |
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Term
C6H12O6
6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, 6 oxygens |
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Definition
| chemical formula for glucose and ratio of elements that form it. |
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Term
| because they have the same number of protons (positive charges) as electrons (negative charges) |
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Definition
| Why do all atoms begin nuetral? |
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Term
1. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from existing cells. |
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Definition
| what are the 3 parts of the cell theory? |
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Term
prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, have circular DNA, and are bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are more complex with membrane covered organelles and linear DNA. |
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Definition
| describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
| Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells have centrioles. All other organelles are the same. |
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Definition
difference in plant and animal cells
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Term
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Definition
| scientist: first to see cells under the microscope - looking at tree bark - called them "cells" because they looked like 'tiny rooms". |
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Term
| live, grow, and reproduce. |
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Definition
3 things organelles enable a cell to do.
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Term
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Definition
| central control organelle, contains DNA or blueprint for life - tells the cell how to make the proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Almost all of life processes involve some kind of _______________________. |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest, most abundant organelle - where proteins are made in the cell. Amino acids are hooked together at the ribosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| made of phospholipds and proteins - gatekeeper of the cell - controls what goes into and out of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| made of cellulose, found in plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the powerhouse of the cell - breaks down food molecules (glucose) to release energy (ATP). This is where cellular respiration takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| large membrane covered organelle that holds water and other particles for the cell. Large ones hold water in plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are the parts ofan animal cell located? |
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Term
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Definition
| where are the parts of a plant cell located? |
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Term
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Definition
| when particles or molecules are moved through a membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Water and oxygen diffuse through phospholips. Glucose and amino acids diffuse through protein doorways (facilitated diffusion). Does not require energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which particles or molecules are moved through a membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration, going against the concentration gradient. Requires energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water through phospholipids. When wilted celergy is soaked in water, it becomes crisp again due to osmosis, the water moving back into the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of water through phospholipids. When wilted celergy is soaked in water, it becomes crisp again due to osmosis, the water moving back into the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane, diffusion stops. This is called equilibrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a cell membrane surrounds a particle, encloses it in a vesicle, and engulfs the particle into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| when vesicles are formed around particles or molecules at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and they are transported to the cell membrane for export outside of the cell. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, the cell membrane then opens to release the particles. |
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Term
photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Definition
| means putting together with light. Occurs in the choloroplasts of plants. Absorb and convert sunlight into chemical energy by making glucose with water and carbon dioxide. What is the chemical equation? |
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Term
cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 = 6H2O (+ 36 ATP) |
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Definition
| Occurs in the mitochondria. Uses oxygen to break down glucose for energy (ATP). One molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP. This is an aerobic process because it uses oxygen to breakdown glucose. Know the equation. |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down glucose for energy (2 ATP) without the use of oxygen in the cell - anaerobic process. This occurs when there is not enough available oxygen in humans - lactic acid build up in muscles causes sore muscles. Also occurs in bacteria - added to milk, lactic acid makes yogurt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anaerobic process that breaks down glucose to yield ATP (2). Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol are the products. Yeast use alcohol fermentation. The carbon dioxide gas causes our bread to rise before baking. |
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Term
biotic - all of the living organisms in an environment
abiotic - all of the non-living factors in an environment such as rock, sand, air, water, etc. |
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Definition
| describe the difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an environment. |
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Term
exothermic
cellular respiration, lactic acid fermentation, and alcohol fermentation |
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Definition
| a process that releases energy or heat. Name 3. |
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Term
endothermic
photosynthesis |
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Definition
| a process that stores energy. |
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Term
Intracellular is the space inside the cell.
Extracellular is the space outside the cell. |
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Definition
| Difference between intracellular and extracellular. |
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Term
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Definition
| organized structures of DNA - humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell. |
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Term
| homologous pairs of chromosomes |
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Definition
| a pair of chromosomes that have similar information on them (hair color) but not necessarily the identical gene (brown or blonde). |
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Term
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Definition
| the second stage of the cell cycle in which one diploid cellis copied and produces 2 identical diploid cells. This is the process by which organisms grow and repair tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of cell division that occurs in the reproductive system of sexually reproducing organisms. One diploid cell is copied once, but divides twice producing 4 haploid gamete cells (egg or sperm) |
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Term
| each chromosome makes one copy. This copy along with the chromosome become two chromatids attached at the centromere. |
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Definition
how many copies does each chromosome make during interphase in the cell cycle? |
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Term
| one pair becomes four chromtids |
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Definition
after duplication, how many chromatids are there in a pair of homologous chromosomes?
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Term
| 2 stages - 4 phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
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Definition
In meiosis, how many stages? How many phases in each stage? Name the phases in order |
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Term
| in asexual reproduction only one parent cell (diploid) is needed and divides into two (diploid) cells. In sexual reproduction, two parent (haploid) gamete cells combine to form the new organism (diploid cell. |
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Definition
difference in sexual and asexual reproduction.
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Term
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Definition
| haploid cells formed during meiosis for sexual reproduction. Female gamete sex cell is an egg. Male gamete sex cell is a sperm. |
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Term
haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes .(one of each homologous pair)
diploid cells have a full set of chromosomes. |
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Definition
| difference in haploid and diploid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| at what level of the food chain would algae in an ecosystem occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the Earth where life exists |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organisms of different species living in the same place at the same time. |
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Definition
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