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| an early model of mass comm research that attempted to explain media effects directly into unsuspecting weak audiences. sometimes called the bullet theory or direct effects model |
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| a mass comm research model base don tightly controlled experimental and survey findings. It argues that the mass media have limited effects on audiences reinforcing the existing behaviors and attitudes rather then changing them. |
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| in media research the idea that heavy television viewing leads individuals to perceive reality in ways that are constant with th portrayals they see. |
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| cultural studies and what methods are used |
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| In media research the parroaches that try to unerstand how the nedia and cultrure are tied to actual patterns of communication used in daily life, thse studies focus on how people make meanings, apprehend reality through stories and symbols. |
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| a media research arguement that says that when mass media pay attention to particular events or issues they determine - that is , set the agenda for - the major topics of discussion for individuals and society |
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| link between mass media and behavior as media research suggests |
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| in social science research a method for studying and coding media facts and programs. |
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| a theory that links the mass media, social psychology and the formation of public opinion. It proposes that people who find their views on controversial issues in the minority tend to keep these views silent |
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| A widely used research method that studies phenomena in systematic stages, it included identifying the research problem, reviewing existing research, developing working hypothesis's determining appropriate research design, collecting info, analyzing results to see if the hypothesis has been verified and interpreting implications that predict relationship between a dependent and independent variable. |
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| Authoritarian model of expression |
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| a model for journalism and speech that tolerates little criticism of government or public dissident; it holds that the general public needs guidance from an elite educated class |
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| Communist Model of expression |
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| or state mode, a model for journalism and speech that places control. in the hands of an enlightened government which strives for ordinary citizens and coworkers in order to serve the common goals of the state. |
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| Social responsibility Model of expression |
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| a model for journalism and speech influenced by the libertarian model that encouraged the free flow of information to citizens so they can make wise decisions regarding political and social issues. |
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| Libertarian model of expression |
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| a model for journalism and speech that encourages vigorous government criticism and supports the highest degree of freedom for individual speech and news operations |
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| is suppression of speech or other communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the general body of people as determined by a government, media outlet, or other controlling body. |
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| the notion that the press operates as an official branch of government monitoring the legislative judicial and executive branches for abuses of power. |
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| The end of copyright period for a work at which point the public may begin to access it for free |
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| in media law the defamation of character in written expression |
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| in law spoken language that defames a persons character |
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| laws protecting the confidentiality of key interview subjects and reporters rights not to reveal sources of controversial information used in news stories |
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| Qualified and absolute privileged |
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| a legal right allowing journalists to report judicial or legislative proceedings even though the public statements being reported may be libelous |
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| part of the 1934 communications act; it mandates that during elections ,broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates. |
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| FCC (Federal Communications Commission) |
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| an independent us governmetn agncy charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. due to prior restraint cant regulate print ads and fist amendment |
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