1.) There is life on earth

2.) All life on earth is essentially made of the same components

3.) Life on earth is very complex

4.) All life on earth is related

CHNOPS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

1.) Little or no free oxygen

2.) Energy

3.) Chemical building blocks (water, salt, etc.)

4.) Time

1.) Variation

2.) Selection

3.) Inheritance

1.) Five-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose for DNA, ribose for RNA)

2.) One or more phosphate groups

3.) Nitrogenous base of either a double-ring purine or a single-ring pyrimidine

1.) Cells are the basic living units of organization & function

2.) All cells come from other cells

the “spaghetti-like” form of DNA, invisible under a light microscope

chromosomes first visible (condensed) (remember that the DNA has already replicated)

chromosomes line up at “equator” of cell, attached to spindle fibers

sister chromatids pull apart along the spindle fibers toward opposite ends of the cell 

The chromosomes are still visible, but will soon unravel during the next interphase

repeating sequences of DNA at the ends of chromosomes, needed to control the cell cycle

Produce gametes that contain only one of each pair of homologous chromosomes

Gametes from the two parents fuse to form a “zygote”, so that both homologous chromosomes are present (zygotes are “diploid”)

failure of the chromosomes to separate during Meiosis

RNA molecule complementary to the template DNA strand synthesized

Polypeptide chain specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized

Often result from errors in base pairing during replication

One or two nucleotide pairs are inserted into or deleted from the molecule

the collection of all alleles present (for a particular gene locus) in a population

A change in allele frequencies by chance in small populations

genetic drift in populations temporarily reduced to small size

group of potentially interbreeding individuals of the same species

biological and abiotic processes and interactions within a given region

The locations of individuals within a population

The population size that can be sustained in a particular environment      

the rate of change in population size

The maximum number of individuals that can be harvested from a population without causing its decline

The rate at which individuals replace themselves

Caused by declining death rates while birth rates remain high

the average number of children that a woman is likely to have in her lifetime

negatively impacts both species

Includes parasitism, herbivory

Interactions often cause evolution to take place

Global patterns of temperature and rainfall